阅读说明：本技术 一种利用变温压差膨化技术制备栀子籽油的方法 (Method for preparing gardenia seed oil by using variable-temperature differential pressure puffing technology ) 是由 邹盈 苏凤贤 李群和 周环 陈林和 张含怡 徐蕖婷 于 2020-06-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种利用变温压差膨化技术制备栀子籽油的方法,包括以下步骤：(1)取栀子鲜果,进行干燥；(2)将干燥后的栀子投入膨化罐中于膨化温度90-120℃加热10-30min,使膨化压力达到0.5-0.8MPa,之后泄压保持真空度为-0.098-0.090 MPa维持5-10min,完成变温压差膨化工序；(3)将步骤(2)完成变温压差膨化工序后的栀子粉碎；(4)将步骤(3)粉碎后的栀子进行萃取,回收溶剂,得到栀子粗油；(5)对步骤(4)得到的栀子粗油进行处理,得到栀子油。本发明利用压差膨化将栀子果籽仁内的自由水快速汽化,使栀子果籽仁内形成疏松通气的网络通道,比表面积大幅增加,从而提高后续压榨的出油率。(The invention relates to a method for preparing gardenia seed oil by using a variable temperature and pressure difference puffing technology, which comprises the following steps: (1) taking fresh gardenia fruits and drying; (2) putting the dried gardenia into a puffing tank, heating at the puffing temperature of 90-120 ℃ for 10-30min to ensure that the puffing pressure reaches 0.5-0.8MPa, then decompressing and maintaining the vacuum degree at-0.098-0.090 MPa for 5-10min, and completing the variable-temperature differential-pressure puffing process; (3) crushing the gardenia subjected to the temperature and pressure difference changing puffing process in the step (2); (4) extracting the crushed gardenia in the step (3), and recovering the solvent to obtain crude gardenia oil; (5) and (4) treating the gardenia crude oil obtained in the step (4) to obtain gardenia oil. The invention utilizes differential pressure puffing to quickly vaporize free water in the gardenia fruit seeds, so that loose and ventilated network channels are formed in the gardenia fruit seeds, the specific surface area is greatly increased, and the oil yield of subsequent squeezing is improved.)

1. A method for preparing gardenia seed oil by using a temperature and pressure difference puffing technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) taking fresh gardenia fruits and drying;

(2) putting the dried gardenia into a puffing tank, heating at the puffing temperature of 90-120 ℃ for 10-30min to ensure that the puffing pressure reaches 0.5-0.8MPa, then decompressing and maintaining the vacuum degree at-0.098-0.090 MPa for 5-10min, and completing the variable-temperature differential-pressure puffing process;

(3) crushing the gardenia subjected to the temperature and pressure difference changing puffing process in the step (2);

(4) extracting the crushed gardenia in the step (3), and recovering the solvent to obtain crude gardenia oil;

(5) and (4) treating the gardenia crude oil obtained in the step (4) to obtain gardenia oil.

2. The method for preparing gardenia seed oil by using the temperature and pressure difference puffing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature and pressure difference puffing technology comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the puffing temperature is 100 ℃, and the heating is carried out for 30min, so that the puffing pressure reaches 0.6 MPa.

3. The method for preparing gardenia seed oil by using the temperature and pressure difference puffing technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature and pressure difference puffing technology comprises the following steps: and (2) drying by adopting a low-temperature heat pump in the step (1).

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for preparing gardenia seed oil by using a variable temperature and pressure difference puffing technology.

Background

Gardenia jasminoides is also called as gardenia jasminoides belonging to the genus Gardenia of the family Rubiaceae, is a traditional Chinese medicinal material in China by using fruits and roots as medicines, and belongs to the first dual-purpose resource for food and medicine issued by the Ministry of health. The book of compendium of materia medica of Li Shizhen of Ming dynasty is: gardenia has the functions of protecting liver, benefiting gallbladder, reducing blood sugar and blood pressure, tranquilizing, stopping bleeding, reducing swelling and the like, so the gardenia becomes an important raw material of various Chinese patent medicines such as 'Ermu Ningsou pill' and 'Jingwanhong'. According to data of' 2016 report on the development of Chinese herbal medicine industry in Zhejiang province, the planting area of gardenia jasminoides in Zhejiang province is about 9.1 ten thousand mu, which occupies about 1/6 nationwide, while the planting area of the whole city in Wenzhou city is about 6 ten thousand mu, which occupies about 2/3 of the whole city, wherein the planting area of Pingyang is 1.6 ten thousand mu, which is the first of the planting areas of all Chinese herbal medicines in Wenzhou.

However, for a long time, the gardenia industry is always in the stage of mainly selling dry fruits as traditional Chinese medicinal materials, the market consumption is limited, and the utilization rate is low. In recent years, the market acquisition price of gardenia raw materials is continuously lowered, the market acquisition price of gardenia in the Wenzhou Pingyang area in 2013 is 10.3 yuan/kg, and the market acquisition price of the area in 2017 is only 1.5 yuan/kg. The cost is low, and in order to guide the development of the gardenia industry, the large-scale gardenia planting industry needs to develop the second-yield and third-yield of gardenia, prolong the gardenia industry chain and develop the gardenia processing industry at the very first glance.

The oil content of the gardenia kernel is 18-20%, the content of unsaturated fatty acid is rich, more than 80% of unsaturated fatty acid is unsaturated fatty acid, 54% of the unsaturated fatty acid is linoleic acid, and the gardenia kernel has all health care functions of the gardenia kernel: the gardenia oil also contains physiological active substances such as gardenia yellow pigment, gardenia glycoside, chlorogenic acid and the like, and has various unique physiological functions of protecting liver and benefiting gallbladder, sterilizing and diminishing inflammation, resisting oxidation, removing free radicals, inhibiting mutation, resisting tumors and the like. However, the presence of gardenia seed oil can interfere with the separation of active substances such as gardenia pigment, jasminoidin and the like in gardenia fruits. Therefore, the pre-extraction of lipid substances is necessary before the separation and extraction of active substances, and a high-quality and high-value-added gardenia oil product can be obtained.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for preparing gardenia seed oil by using a variable temperature and pressure difference puffing technology.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for preparing gardenia seed oil by using a variable temperature and pressure difference puffing technology comprises the following steps:

(1) taking fresh gardenia fruits and drying;

(2) putting the dried gardenia into a puffing tank, heating at the puffing temperature of 90-120 ℃ for 10-30min to ensure that the puffing pressure reaches 0.5-0.8MPa, then decompressing and maintaining the vacuum degree at-0.098-0.090 MPa for 5-10min, and completing the variable-temperature differential-pressure puffing process;

(3) crushing the gardenia subjected to the temperature and pressure difference changing puffing process in the step (2);

(4) extracting the crushed gardenia in the step (3), and recovering the solvent to obtain crude gardenia oil;

(5) and (4) treating the gardenia crude oil obtained in the step (4) to obtain gardenia oil.

In the step (2), the puffing temperature is 100 ℃, and the heating is carried out for 30min, so that the puffing pressure reaches 0.6 MPa.

And (2) drying by adopting a low-temperature heat pump in the step (1).

The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention utilizes differential pressure puffing to quickly vaporize free water in the gardenia fruit seeds, so that loose and ventilated network channels are formed in the gardenia fruit seeds, the specific surface area is greatly increased, and the oil yield of subsequent squeezing is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is within the scope of the present invention for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without inventive exercise.

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of extraction of gardenia oil;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of different pretreatment methods on the oil extraction rate of gardenia oil;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of different puffing temperatures on the oil extraction rate of gardenia oil;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of different puffing pressures on the oil extraction rate of gardenia oil;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of different puffing times on the oil extraction rate of gardenia oil.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, a method for preparing gardenia seed oil by using a variable temperature and pressure difference puffing technology comprises the following steps:

(1) firstly, drying fresh gardenia fruits by a low-temperature heat pump, and drying at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ for 12 hours;

(2) then putting into a puffing tank, heating at a puffing temperature of 90-120 deg.C for 10-30min to make the puffing pressure reach 0.5-0.8MPa, then decompressing and maintaining the vacuum degree at-0.098-0.090 MPa for 5-10min, and then completing the puffing process at variable temperature and pressure difference;

(3) crushing the gardenia fruits subjected to the puffing treatment to 20 meshes;

(4) filling the crushed gardenia obtained in the step (3) into a bottle, adding isopropanol, placing the bottle in an ultrasonic device, extracting for 3 times with a material-liquid ratio of 10:1 for 30min each time, centrifuging or filtering the extracted mixed material liquid to obtain a liquid part, and distilling the liquid part under reduced pressure to recover the solvent to obtain crude gardenia oil;

(5) decolorizing and deodorizing the obtained fructus Gardeniae crude oil (using diatomaceous earth and active carbon as mixed decolorizing and deodorizing agent), and filtering to obtain refined fructus Gardeniae oil.

In the step (2), as shown in fig. 2, the oil extraction rate of the gardenia seeds is improved by 48 percent after the gardenia seeds are subjected to the pretreatment of puffing at 100 ℃ and under the differential pressure of 0.6mpa for 30min compared with the oil extraction rate without the puffing treatment.

In the step (2), the temperature is respectively 80 ℃, 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 110 ℃ and 120 ℃, the heating time is 30min, and the puffing pressure is 0.6MPa, and the result is shown in figure 3, the proper puffing temperature obviously improves the oil extraction rate of gardenia seeds, wherein the temperature of 100 ℃ is the best.

In the step (2), the temperature is 100 ℃, the heating time is 30min, and the puffing pressure is respectively 0.4MPa, 0.5MPa, 0.6MPa, 0.7MPa and 0.8MPa, and the result is shown in figure 4, the proper puffing pressure also obviously improves the oil extraction rate of the gardenia seeds, wherein 0.6MPa is the best.

In the step (2), the temperature is 100 ℃, the heating time is 10min, 20min, 30 mm, 40min and 50min respectively, and the expansion pressure is 0.6MPa, and the result is shown in fig. 5, wherein the expansion time has a remarkable influence on the oil extraction rate of gardenia seeds, and 30min is the best.

The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it is therefore to be understood that the invention is not limited by the scope of the appended claims.