阅读说明：本技术 一种小孔加强致裂药柱和单面环向切缝药柱联合掏槽方法 (Small-hole reinforced cracking explosive column and single-face annular joint-cutting explosive column combined cutting method ) 是由 汪海波 王梦想 吕闹 雷小磊 马守龙 徐颖 刘曙杰 宗琦 吴捷豪 程兵 丁锋 于 2020-05-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种小孔加强致裂药柱和单面环向切缝药柱联合掏槽方法,包括以下步骤：1)钻孔；2)装药：所述中心掏槽孔使用分段装药结构和小孔加强致裂药柱,所述中心掏槽孔底部装填二段小孔加强致裂药柱,紧接着装填400-500mm长度的炮泥,然后再装填一段小孔加强致裂药柱,最后用炮泥进行封堵,所述楔形掏槽孔内装填二段单面环向切缝药柱,并用炮泥封堵,所述辅助孔内装填三段普通炸药,并用炮泥封堵,所述崩落孔内装填四段普通炸药,并用炮泥封堵,所述周边孔内装填五段普通炸药,并用炮泥封堵；3)爆破。本发明能够增大掏槽腔体体积,增加自由面,降低围岩夹制作用,提高炮孔利用率和炸药能量利用率。(The invention discloses a combined cutting method of a small-hole reinforced cracking explosive column and a single-face annular joint-cutting explosive column, which comprises the following steps: 1) drilling; 2) charging: the central cut hole is provided with a segmented charging structure and small hole reinforcing cracking explosive columns, the bottom of the central cut hole is filled with two sections of small hole reinforcing cracking explosive columns, then stemming with the length of 400-plus 500mm is filled, then a section of small hole reinforcing cracking explosive column is filled, finally plugging is carried out by using the stemming, two sections of single-face annular cutting cracking explosive columns are filled in the wedge-shaped cut hole and plugged by using the stemming, three sections of common explosives are filled in the auxiliary holes and plugged by using the stemming, four sections of common explosives are filled in the caving holes and plugged by using the stemming, five sections of common explosives are filled in the peripheral holes and plugged by using the stemming; 3) and (6) blasting. The invention can increase the volume of the cut cavity, increase the free surface, reduce the surrounding rock clamping effect and improve the utilization rate of blast holes and the energy utilization rate of explosive.)

1. A combined cutting method of a small-hole reinforced cracking explosive column and a single-side annular joint-cutting explosive column is characterized by comprising the steps of drilling, charging and blasting;

drilling a central cut hole and a wedge-shaped cut hole at least in the section of the roadway by the drilling;

the central cut hole is provided with a segmented charge structure and small holes to strengthen the fracturing charge;

and two sections of single-face annular joint-cutting explosive columns are filled in the wedge-shaped cut holes and are blocked by stemming.

2. The small-hole reinforced fracturing charge column and single-face circumferential joint-cutting charge column combined cutting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the segmented charging structure is characterized in that two sections of small-hole reinforced fracturing charge columns are filled at the bottom of the central cut hole, then stemming with the length of 400-500mm is filled, then one section of small-hole reinforced fracturing charge column is filled, and finally plugging is carried out by the stemming.

3. The method for jointly slitting the small-hole reinforced fracturing explosive column and the single-sided annular slitting explosive column according to claim 1, wherein the small-hole reinforced fracturing explosive column comprises a fracturing pipe and a fracturing pipe industrial explosive, the fracturing pipe is provided with a circle of small holes every 1-1.5 times of the inner diameter of the fracturing pipe along the axial direction, each circle is uniformly provided with 4-8 small holes, the diameter of each small hole is 3-5mm, and the interior of the fracturing pipe is filled with the fracturing pipe industrial explosive.

4. The small-hole reinforced fracturing explosive column and single-face annular lancing explosive column combined slitting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the single-face annular lancing explosive column comprises a lancing pipe and a lancing pipe industrial explosive, the lancing pipe cuts an annular lance at an interval of 2-3 times of the inner diameter of the lancing pipe along the axial direction, the width of the annular lance is 3-6mm, the angle of the annular lance is 120-180 °, and the inside of the lancing pipe industrial explosive is filled.

5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the circumferential slits of the single-sided circumferential slit explosive column are aligned with the rock mass in the area to be destroyed.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said drilling further drills auxiliary holes, breakout holes and peripheral holes in the roadway section, said central cut hole is located in the middle area of the roadway section, said wedge-shaped cut holes are located on the left and right sides of the central cut hole, said auxiliary holes are located on the outer side of the wedge-shaped cut hole, said breakout holes are located on the outer side of the auxiliary holes, and said peripheral holes are located in the profile of the roadway section.

7. The combined undermining method of claim 6, wherein the loading process comprises the following steps:

a central cut hole: the central cut hole is provided with a segmented charge structure and small hole reinforced cracking explosive columns, two sections of small hole reinforced cracking explosive columns are filled at the bottom of the central cut hole, then stemming with the length of 400-500mm is filled, then one section of small hole reinforced cracking explosive column is filled, and finally the stemming is used for plugging;

wedge cut hole: filling two sections of single-sided annular joint-cutting explosive columns into the wedge-shaped cut holes, and plugging the cut holes by using stemming;

auxiliary holes: three sections of common explosives are filled in the auxiliary holes and are sealed by stemming;

and (3) hole collapse: four sections of common explosives are filled in the caving hole and are plugged by stemming;

peripheral holes: five sections of common explosives are filled in the peripheral holes and are sealed by stemming.

8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the blasting is a millisecond delay blasting method.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the blasting is initiated sequentially according to the following initiation stages:

first-stage blasting: detonating a section of small hole in the central cut hole to strengthen the fracturing explosive column;

and (3) second-stage blasting: simultaneously detonating two sections of small holes in the central cut hole to strengthen the cracking explosive columns and single-side annular joint-cutting explosive columns in the wedge-shaped cut hole;

three-stage blasting: detonating a common explosive in the auxiliary hole;

four-stage blasting: detonating a common explosive in the caving hole;

and (5) five-section blasting: detonating the common explosive in the peripheral hole.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of blasting, in particular to a combined cutting method of a small-hole reinforced cracking explosive column and a single-side circumferential joint cutting explosive column.

Background

The key of the cut in the tunnel blasting excavation is to determine the overall rock breaking effect and the size of the circulating footage. The reasonable cutting method is beneficial to blasting the rock mass into cavities, and provides a good free surface for subsequent blasting so as to achieve a good blasting effect. With the depletion of mineral resources in shallow parts, mineral resource development gradually moves to deep parts, and inevitably encounters ground stress. The difficulties faced in undermining blasting in deep hard rock roadways are mainly: firstly, the traditional charge structure destruction scope is limited: the hard rock is difficult to crack, and the deep crustal stress can inhibit the rock from blasting and cracking; secondly, the free surface is single: only the working surface is used as a free surface, and the failure of providing sufficient expansion space is also a main reason for poor cutting effect; thirdly, the clamping function: the clamping effect of the hard rock is larger, and the ground stress is more capable of obviously increasing the clamping effect of the surrounding rock along with the increase of the mining depth. Due to the reasons, a large undermining cavity is difficult to obtain during undermining blasting of the deep hard rock tunnel, and further blast hole utilization rate and explosive energy utilization rate in the subsequent blasting process are low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for jointly cutting out a small-hole reinforced fracturing explosive column and a single-face annular joint-cutting explosive column, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:

the invention provides a combined cutting method of a small-hole reinforced cracking explosive column and a single-side annular joint-cutting explosive column, which comprises the steps of drilling, charging and blasting;

drilling a central cut hole and a wedge-shaped cut hole at least in the section of the roadway by the drilling;

the central cut hole is provided with a segmented charge structure and small holes to strengthen the fracturing charge;

and two sections of single-face annular joint-cutting explosive columns are filled in the wedge-shaped cut holes and are blocked by stemming.

Further, the segmented charging structure is characterized in that two sections of small hole reinforcing cracking explosive columns are filled at the bottom of the central cut hole, then stemming with the length of 400-500mm is filled, then one section of small hole reinforcing cracking explosive column is filled, and finally the stemming is used for plugging.

Furthermore, the small hole reinforced fracturing explosive column comprises a fracturing pipe and fracturing pipe industrial explosives, wherein a circle of small holes are formed in the fracturing pipe along the axial direction every 1-1.5 times of the inner diameter of the fracturing pipe, 4-8 small holes are uniformly formed in each circle, the diameter of each small hole is 3-5mm, and the fracturing pipe industrial explosives are filled in the fracturing pipe.

Further, the single-face annular lancing explosive column comprises a lancing pipe and lancing pipe industrial explosives, wherein an annular lance is cut by the lancing pipe along the axial direction at intervals of 2-3 times of the inner diameter of the lancing pipe, the width of the annular lance is 3-6mm, the angle of the annular lance is 120-180 degrees, and the lancing pipe industrial explosives are filled in the lancing pipe.

Further, the annular cutting seam of the single-face annular cutting seam charge column is aligned to the rock mass of the cut area to be damaged.

Further, drilling still drills out auxiliary hole, caving hole and all holes in tunnel section, central cut hole is located tunnel section middle zone, the wedge cut hole is located the central cut hole left and right sides, the auxiliary hole is located the wedge cut hole outside, the caving hole is located the auxiliary hole outside, all holes are located tunnel section profile.

Further, the specific charging process comprises the following steps:

a central cut hole: the central cut hole is provided with a segmented charge structure and small hole reinforced cracking explosive columns, two sections of small hole reinforced cracking explosive columns are filled at the bottom of the central cut hole, then stemming with the length of 400-500mm is filled, then one section of small hole reinforced cracking explosive column is filled, and finally the stemming is used for plugging;

wedge cut hole: filling two sections of single-sided annular joint-cutting explosive columns into the wedge-shaped cut holes, and plugging the cut holes by using stemming;

auxiliary holes: three sections of common explosives are filled in the auxiliary holes and are sealed by stemming;

and (3) hole collapse: four sections of common explosives are filled in the caving hole and are plugged by stemming;

peripheral holes: five sections of common explosives are filled in the peripheral holes and are sealed by stemming.

Further, the blasting adopts a millisecond delay detonation mode.

Further, the blasting is sequentially initiated according to the following initiation sections:

first-stage blasting: detonating a section of small hole in the central cut hole to strengthen the fracturing explosive column;

and (3) second-stage blasting: simultaneously detonating two sections of small holes in the central cut hole to strengthen the cracking explosive columns and single-side annular joint-cutting explosive columns in the wedge-shaped cut hole;

three-stage blasting: detonating a common explosive in the auxiliary hole;

four-stage blasting: detonating a common explosive in the caving hole;

and (5) five-section blasting: detonating the common explosive in the peripheral hole.

The invention discloses the following technical effects:

1) according to the invention, the central cut hole adopts an in-hole segmented charging structure, after the blasting of the first section of small hole reinforced cracking explosive column, a free surface can be increased for the blasting of the second section of small hole reinforced cracking explosive column and the wedge-shaped cut hole, the expansion space of the broken rock body is increased, the surrounding rock clamping effect is reduced, the segmented charging can reduce the blasting vibration, and the explosive energy can be released to the working face and the inner part in the cut hole blasting, so that the blasting vibration is further reduced.

2) The invention adopts the small hole reinforced cracking explosive column in the central cut hole, the small hole is arranged on the cracking tube, the explosive explosion energy can be concentrated to the small hole, thereby the explosion load of the position of the small hole is reinforced and the explosion load of the position without the small hole is reduced, the energy release time of the position of the small hole can be prior to the position without the small hole, and the time of the load acting on the hole wall of the position of the small hole can be prior to the position without the small hole, the size difference and the acting time difference of the load can ensure that the development degree of the initial crack at the position of the small hole is obviously higher than that of other positions, the initial crack with higher development degree can guide a large amount of explosive gas to enter, the initial crack can be further expanded under the gas wedge effect of the explosive gas, compared with the explosion energy in the common charging, the small hole reinforced cracking explosive column can be used for forming a crushing area, the damage range can, the surrounding rock clamping effect is reduced, the size of the cut cavity can be increased during the blasting of the wedge-shaped cut hole, a good blank face is formed for the subsequent blasting, the clamping effect of the rock body during the subsequent blasting is reduced, and the blast hole utilization rate and the explosive energy utilization rate are improved.

3) In the invention, the wedge-shaped cut hole is blasted by adopting the single-side annular kerf energy-gathering explosive column, because the annular kerf has a guiding function on the blasting energy, the blasting energy is concentrated to the annular kerf and is preferentially released from the kerf, and based on the characteristic, when the annular cutting seam is aligned with the slot cavity, the rock mass in the slot cavity can be primarily cut to form an initial crack, the initial crack is continuously expanded under the action of the gas wedge of the detonation gas product along with the expansion of the detonation product, thereby further destroy the slot cavity rock mass, the back joint-cutting side makes the blast energy act on the joint-cutting direction rock mass more because of the constraint effect of joint-cutting pipe simultaneously, improves the crushing effect of slot cavity, reduces the bold rate of rock, and the slot cavity rock mass crushing effect is good, does benefit to the outside throwing of rock mass, can form good face empty face for follow-up blasting, reduces the clamp system effect of rock mass during follow-up blasting, has improved big gun hole utilization ratio and tunnelling footage.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of various blastholes according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the central cut hole and the wedge-shaped cut holes of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the central and wedge shaped slotted charges of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a small hole reinforced fracturing grain of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a single-sided circumferential slit grain of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a single-sided circumferential slit grain of the present invention at the slit;

in the figure: 1. the explosive comprises the following components of a central cut hole, 2 parts of a wedge-shaped cut hole, 3 parts of an auxiliary hole, 4 parts of a collapse hole, 5 parts of a peripheral hole, 6 parts of a roadway section, 7 parts of a small hole reinforcing cracking explosive column, 7-1 parts of a cracking pipe, 7-2 parts of a small hole, 7-3 parts of a cracking pipe industrial explosive, 8 parts of stemming, 9 parts of a single-side annular cutting explosive column, 9-1 parts of a cutting pipe, 9-2 parts of annular cutting, 9-3 parts of a cutting pipe industrial explosive.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.

As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.

Referring to fig. 1-6, the embodiment of the invention provides a combined cutting method for a small-hole reinforced fracturing grain and a single-face circumferential cutting grain, which comprises the following steps:

1) drilling: drilling a central cut hole 1, a wedge-shaped cut hole 2, auxiliary holes 3, collapse holes 4 and peripheral holes 5 on a roadway section, wherein the central cut hole 1 is located in the middle area of the roadway section 6, the wedge-shaped cut hole 2 is located on the left side and the right side of the central cut hole 1, the auxiliary holes 3 are located on the outer sides of the wedge-shaped cut hole 2, the collapse holes 4 are located on the outer sides of the auxiliary holes 3, and the peripheral holes 5 are located on the outline of the roadway section 6;

2) charging:

a central cut hole: the central cut hole 1 adopts a segmented charge structure and a small hole reinforced cracking explosive column 7, the bottom of the central cut hole 1 is filled with two sections of small hole reinforced cracking explosive columns 7, then the central cut hole is filled with stemming 8 with the length of 400 plus materials and 500mm, then a section of small hole reinforced cracking explosive column 7 is filled, and finally the central cut hole is plugged with the stemming;

wedge cut hole: two sections of single-sided annular joint-cutting explosive columns 9 are filled in the wedge-shaped cut holes 2 and are blocked by stemming;

auxiliary holes: three sections of common explosives are filled in the auxiliary hole 3 and are plugged by stemming;

and (3) hole collapse: four sections of common explosives are filled in the caving hole 4 and are plugged by stemming;

peripheral holes: five sections of common explosives are filled in the peripheral hole 5 and are sealed by stemming;

3) blasting:

adopting a millisecond delay detonation mode, and sequentially detonating according to the following detonation sections:

first-stage blasting: detonating a section of small hole reinforcing cracking explosive column 8 in the central cut hole 1;

and (3) second-stage blasting: simultaneously detonating two sections of small hole reinforcing cracking explosive columns 8 in the central cut hole 1 and single-side annular cutting explosive columns 9 in the wedge-shaped cut hole 2;

three-stage blasting: detonating the common explosive in the auxiliary hole 3;

four-stage blasting: detonating the common explosive in the caving hole 4;

and (5) five-section blasting: detonating the conventional explosive in the peripheral hole 5.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the small hole reinforced cracking explosive column 7 in the step 2) comprises a cracking tube 7-1 and a cracking tube industrial explosive 7-3, wherein a circle of small holes 7-2 are arranged in the cracking tube 7-1 along the axial direction every 1-1.5 times of the inner diameter of the cracking tube 7-1, 4-8 small holes 7-2 are uniformly arranged in each circle, the diameter of each small hole 7-2 is 3-5mm, and the cracking tube industrial explosive 7-3 is filled in the cracking tube 7-1.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the single-side annular slit-cutting explosive column 9 in the step 2) comprises a slit-cutting pipe 9-1 and slit-cutting pipe industrial explosives 9-3, a piece of annular slit 9-2 is cut from the slit-cutting pipe 9-1 at intervals of 2-3 times of the inner diameter of the slit-cutting pipe 9-1 along the axial direction, the width of the annular slit 9-2 is 3-6mm, the angle of the annular slit 9-2 is 120-180 degrees, and the slit-cutting pipe industrial explosives 9-3 are filled in the slit-cutting pipe 9-1.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the annular slits 9-2 of the single-side annular slit explosive column 9 are aligned with the rock mass of the cut area to be damaged.