阅读说明：本技术 一种岩溶隧道潜在涌水点的探查与处治方法及系统 (Method and system for exploring and treating potential water burst point of karst tunnel ) 是由 张霄 蓝雄东 张庆松 杨腾 李相辉 李珍 张旭豪 于 2020-03-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种岩溶隧道潜在涌水点的探查与处治方法及系统,它解决了现有技术无法有效探测潜在涌水点的问题,采用多次强降雨-潜在涌水点探查-涌水点封堵过程,现了地下水变动带内岩溶隧道潜在涌水的彻底根治,避免了隧道建成后发生二次灾害；包括：利用强降雨条件对潜在涌水点进行探查；对水源进行地球物理探测；基于潜在涌水点与水源水力联系分析方法确定潜在涌水点的涌水类型；对各个潜在涌水点的涌水类型分别确定处治方案；对已治理潜在涌水点进行效果检查,并查找新的潜在涌水点,重复上述步骤进行补充治理。(The invention discloses a method and a system for detecting and treating potential water burst points of karst tunnels, which solve the problem that the potential water burst points cannot be effectively detected in the prior art, and adopt the processes of multiple times of heavy rainfall, potential water burst point detection and water burst point plugging, so that the potential water burst of karst tunnels in underground water variation zones can be thoroughly cured, and secondary disasters after the tunnels are built can be avoided; the method comprises the following steps: exploring the potential water burst point by using a strong rainfall condition; performing geophysical exploration on a water source; determining the water inrush type of the potential water inrush point based on the potential water inrush point and water source hydraulic connection analysis method; respectively determining treatment schemes for the water inrush types of the potential water inrush points; and (4) carrying out effect check on the treated potential water inrush points, searching new potential water inrush points, and repeating the steps to carry out supplementary treatment.)

1. A method for exploring and treating potential water burst points of a karst tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps:

A. exploring the potential water burst point by using a strong rainfall condition;

B. performing geophysical exploration on a water source;

C. determining the water inrush type of the potential water inrush point through a potential water inrush point and water source hydraulic connection analysis method;

D. respectively determining treatment schemes for the water inrush types of the potential water inrush points;

E. and (4) carrying out effect inspection on the treated potential water inrush points, searching new potential water inrush points, and repeating B-D for supplementary treatment.

2. The method for exploring and treating potential water inrush points of karst tunnels in a groundwater fluctuation zone as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step A, the spatial position distribution of the potential water inrush points is recorded, an orifice pipe is installed at each potential water inrush point, and the water inrush quantity change is monitored in real time.

3. The method for exploring and treating potential water inrush points of karst tunnels in underground water fluctuation zones according to claim 1, wherein in the step B, a plurality of measuring lines are arranged at intervals along the tunnel axis by using a transient electromagnetic method.

4. The method for exploring and treating potential water burst points of karst tunnels in underground water fluctuation zones according to claim 3, wherein a cross-hole resistivity CT method is adopted to perform supplementary verification on karst cave cavities, drilling holes point to deep large-scale water-rich zones explored by a transient electromagnetic method, and a plurality of CT exploration drilling holes are distributed in each water-rich zone.

5. The method for detecting and treating the potential water inrush points of the karst tunnels in the underground water fluctuation zone according to claim 1, wherein in the step C, a three-dimensional space distribution map of the potential water inrush points and the water-rich areas of the tunnels is drawn based on a geophysical detection result; and analyzing the relative distribution of different water-rich areas and potential water inrush points, determining the hydraulic connection between each potential water inrush point and the water-rich area, and classifying the water inrush types.

6. The method for exploring and treating potential water inrush points of karst tunnels in underground water fluctuation belts according to claim 1, wherein the key point of grouting treatment is backfill treatment of the karst cave for water inrush points of direct-connection karst cave cavities; for water burst points which take rock mass cracks as water guide channels and are communicated with a water-rich area, grouting treatment mainly takes blocking of the rock mass cracks.

7. The method for exploring and treating potential water inrush points of karst tunnels in underground water fluctuation zones according to claim 6, wherein the treatment time is that the underground water level falls below the tunnels after rainfall at the water inrush points of the direct-connection karst cave cavities; the drilling design is that a plurality of drilling holes are distributed in a region with sufficient rock caps at the water burst upstream of a potential water burst point, and a sleeve is installed in the whole hole; the filling process comprises blowing the sandstone aggregate into the dissolving cavity, and then injecting cement slurry to fill sandstone pores; for water burst points which take rock mass fractures as water guide channels and are communicated with a water-rich area, treating time is after underground water level is reduced below a tunnel; the grouting mode is that the grouting is directly carried out in the orifice pipe of the potential water burst point.

8. The method for exploring and treating potential water burst points of karst tunnels in underground water fluctuation zones according to claim 7, wherein during grouting, the water burst point orifice pipe valve is closed, and grouting is continued until the completion of karst cave filling.

9. The method for exploring and treating potential water inrush points of karst tunnels in underground water fluctuation zones according to claim 1, wherein the treatment effect of treated potential water inrush points is checked by next heavy rainfall; and (5) performing supplementary grouting treatment on the new potential water inrush point.

10. A system for exploring and treating potential water burst points of a karst tunnel is characterized by comprising the following components:

the potential water inrush point detection module is used for acquiring a detection result of the potential water inrush point under the condition of strong rainfall;

the geophysical detection module is used for acquiring a geophysical detection result of a water source;

the water inrush type determination module is used for determining the water inrush type of the potential water inrush point through the potential water inrush point and a water source hydraulic power contact analysis method;

the treatment scheme determining module is used for respectively determining a treatment scheme for the water inrush type of each potential water inrush point;

and the effect checking module is used for carrying out effect checking on the treated potential water inrush points and searching new potential water inrush points.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of prevention and treatment of water inrush disasters in karst tunnel engineering, in particular to a method and a system for exploring and treating potential water inrush points of karst tunnels.

Background

The distribution of the karst area in China is wide, and the karst area occupies about 15% of the area of the national soil. In recent years, the number of cases of constructing tunnels in karst areas is increasing, groundwater inflow is one of the main problems faced in tunnel excavation, and slight improper treatment may cause serious casualties and economic losses. Through engineering experience for many years, it can be found that the groundwater problems of the karst tunnel can be divided into two types: firstly, the problems of underground water in the construction process of the karst tunnel with a saturated zone below a stable underground water level are all taken into consideration, and a large number of scholars carry out deep research on the problems; and secondly, the karst tunnel in the underground water change zone above the saturated zone has obvious gushing problem seasonality, disaster risks exist in rainy seasons, the underground water level is reduced in dry seasons, the gushing channel is filled with weathered substances, and the gushing water cannot happen during excavation, but great threat is caused to later-stage operation of the tunnel.

The key point of the treatment of the water inrush disaster of the karst tunnel is the determination of a water source and a water guide channel. The water burst point of the karst tunnel in the saturated zone is obvious, and the water source can be quickly positioned and the hydraulic connection between the water source and a certain water burst point can be determined by combining a geophysical detection and tracing test method. In a karst tunnel of an underground water fluctuation zone, a crack or a pipeline filled with weathered substances is a potential water outlet, and is easy to trigger under the action of high water pressure and convert into a surge water point after rainstorm. The inventor finds that the underground water level line is positioned below the tunnel, such potential water inrush points are difficult to find during excavation, and the physical detection and tracing method fails under the water-free condition, so that the water source and the water guide channel cannot be probed. Groundwater disasters caused by potential water gushes are often unpredictable and will have more serious consequences.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method and a system for exploring and treating potential water inrush points of a karst tunnel, and the method can solve the problem that the potential water inrush points cannot be effectively detected in the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the embodiment of the invention provides a method for exploring and treating potential water inrush points of a karst tunnel, which comprises the following steps:

A. exploring potential water burst points by using a strong rainfall condition: strong rainfall is a trigger factor of potential water burst points in karst areas, and the detection of the potential water burst points is carried out on the weather with the rainfall greater than a set value; after the heavy rainfall, triggering a potential water inrush point, recording the position of the potential water inrush point and monitoring the change of water inrush amount; after multiple times of heavy rainfall, all potential water inrush points are found;

B. geophysical detection of water source: the potential water inrush points can communicate with a karst cave cavity in a deep rock body, geophysical detection is carried out on deep surrounding rocks at the positions of the potential water inrush points, and the quantity and the spatial characteristics of water-rich areas are ascertained;

C. determining the water inrush type of the potential water inrush point: drawing a three-dimensional space distribution map of potential water burst points and water-rich areas of the tunnel based on a geophysical detection result, analyzing the relative distribution of different water-rich areas and the potential water burst points, determining the hydraulic connection between each potential water burst point and the water-rich area, and classifying the water burst types of the potential water burst points and the water-rich areas;

D. comprehensive treatment of different types of gushing water: respectively determining treatment scheme design according to the water burst type of each potential water burst point, wherein the treatment scheme design comprises a treatment target, grouting material type selection, grouting parameters and drilling parameters;

E. effect checking and supplementary grouting: and (4) checking the treatment effect of the treated potential water inrush point through next heavy rainfall, searching a new potential water inrush point, and repeating the steps B-D to perform supplementary treatment.

As a further implementation manner, the geophysical exploration method in step B is: and a plurality of measuring lines are distributed along the axis of the tunnel by adopting a transient electromagnetic method, so that the omnibearing exploration of the tunnel water-rich area is realized. And further performing supplementary verification on the karst cave cavity by adopting a cross-hole resistivity CT method, wherein the drill holes point to the deep karst cave cavity searched by the transient electromagnetic exploration, and a plurality of CT exploration drill holes are distributed in each karst cave cavity, so that the accuracy of the detection result is ensured.

As a further implementation mode, the position of the potential water burst point in the step A and the position of the karst cave cavity or other water-rich areas in the step B are drawn in a three-dimensional geological distribution map of the tunnel, and the relation between the position of the potential water burst point and the position of the karst cave cavity or other water-rich areas is preliminarily deduced through position comparison of the potential water burst point and the position of the karst cave cavity or. And verifying an inference result by combining the change condition of the water inflow amount of the potential water inflow point along with the rainfall time, and determining the water inflow type of the potential water inflow point. The potential water inrush point is close to the position of the water cavity, the water inrush quantity is increased and then decreased after the water inrush is triggered, and the water inrush type of the potential water inrush point is judged to be water inrush of the water cavity type when the water inrush quantity is inconsistent with the rainfall curve; the potential water burst point is not similar to any dissolving cavity, only the karst fracture water-rich area is communicated, and the water burst curve is basically consistent with the rainfall curve after the water burst is triggered, namely the water burst type of the potential water burst point is judged to be fracture type water burst.

As a further implementation mode, the key point of grouting treatment is to backfill the karst cave at the water burst point directly communicated with the karst cave cavity. The treatment time is that the underground water level is reduced below the tunnel after rainfall; the drilling design is that two drilling holes are distributed in an area with sufficient rock caps at the upstream of water burst of a potential water burst point to directly expose a dissolving cavity, and a sleeve is installed in the whole hole; the filling process is that the sandstone aggregate is blown into the dissolving cavity, and then cement slurry is injected to fill the sandstone pores. During grouting, a potential water burst point can be subjected to slurry crossing, at the moment, a water burst point orifice pipe valve is closed, grouting is continued until the completion of filling of the karst cave, and damage to a primary support or a lining structure due to over-high final pressure is prevented.

As a further implementation mode, for water burst points which take rock mass cracks as water guide channels and are communicated with a water-rich area, grouting treatment mainly takes blocking of the rock mass cracks. The treatment time is also after the underground water level is reduced below the tunnel. The grouting mode is that the grouting is directly carried out in the orifice pipe of the potential water burst point. Selecting a grouting material: the grouting in the strong karst fracture development area needs to prevent the loss caused by the excessive diffusion of the grout, so that a proper material needs to be selected to ensure the rapid initial setting of the grout in the treatment area.

The embodiment of the invention also provides a system for exploring and treating the potential water inrush point of the karst tunnel, which comprises the following components:

the potential water inrush point detection module is used for acquiring a detection result of the potential water inrush point under the condition of strong rainfall;

the geophysical detection module is used for acquiring a geophysical detection result of a water source;

the water inrush type determination module is used for determining the water inrush type of the potential water inrush point through the potential water inrush point and a water source hydraulic power contact analysis method;

the treatment scheme determining module is used for respectively determining a treatment scheme for the water inrush type of each potential water inrush point;

and the effect checking module is used for carrying out effect checking on the treated potential water inrush points and searching new potential water inrush points.

The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention are as follows:

1. one or more embodiments of the invention provide a potential water inrush point detection method using a strong rainfall condition aiming at the water inrush problem of karst tunnels in underground water fluctuation zones, and solve the problem that the existing method cannot effectively predict the potential water inrush risk of the tunnels;

2. according to the method for analyzing the hydraulic connection between the potential water inrush points and the water source, provided by one or more embodiments of the invention, the water inrush types of different water inrush points in the tunnel are definitely divided, a targeted grouting design scheme is favorably formed, and the treatment effect is ensured;

3. one or more embodiments of the invention provide a grouting scheme aiming at the water burst of the karst tunnel in the underground water fluctuation zone, fully utilize the change period of the underground water level to perform timely treatment, and compared with the scheme aiming at 'deep source interception and shallow reinforcement' of the water burst of the karst tunnel with a saturated zone, the grouting scheme has the advantages of simple operation, material saving, short construction period and better effect;

4. the multiple heavy rainfall-potential water burst point exploration-water burst point plugging of one or more embodiments of the invention is a process for realizing self-checking and supplementing treatment, realizes the complete treatment of the potential water burst of the karst tunnel in the underground water fluctuation zone, avoids secondary disasters after the tunnel is built, and ensures the operation safety.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.

FIG. 1 is a flow diagram in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of exploration of potential water gushing points under heavy rainfall conditions in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a potential water inrush point and water source three-dimensional distribution according to one or more embodiments of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a process diagram of treatment for potential flood point cavern type water gushes in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 is a diagram of a treatment process for potential flood point fissured gushes in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention;

wherein, 1, heavy rainfall; 2. an underground water line; 3. a tunnel; 4. potential water burst points; 5. an orifice tube; 6-1. karst cave; 6-2, a water-rich area; 7. aggregate of sandstone; 8. cement single-liquid slurry; 9. drilling; C-GT double slurry.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and/or "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;