阅读说明：本技术 一种液力透平叶轮及其工作方法 (Hydraulic turbine impeller and working method thereof ) 是由 林武斌 廖兴万 廖远桓 陈若莹 钱真 孙琦瑞 许允 宫克 于 2020-04-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种液力透平叶轮,包括轮盘、叶片、叶角和中心盘,所述轮盘中部设置中心盘,所述中心盘连接输出轴,所述中心盘外圈设置有若干个均匀分布的叶片,每个所述叶片靠近中心盘的一端均连接有一个叶角。可以解决现有的液力透平叶轮在使用时,叶轮的叶片与流体相接触的冲击面积较小,导致无法最大化程度的将流体冲击力转化成机械能,其次,叶轮进口虽然能够将导流叶片和叶轮进口设计成相同宽度的方式来实现通过导流器的流量与通过叶轮的流量保持相等,实现导流器对流体的最大导流的效果,但是,却忽略了叶轮进口为直线型结构,从而在流体输入时会与叶轮进口内壁之间垂直碰撞而出现能量的损失,从而降低了能量转换效率。(The invention discloses a hydraulic turbine impeller which comprises a wheel disc, blades, blade angles and a central disc, wherein the central disc is arranged in the middle of the wheel disc and is connected with an output shaft, a plurality of uniformly distributed blades are arranged on the outer ring of the central disc, and one end, close to the central disc, of each blade is connected with one blade angle. The fluid energy conversion device can solve the problem that when the existing hydraulic turbine impeller is used, the impact area of the contact between the blades of the impeller and fluid is small, so that the fluid impact force cannot be converted into mechanical energy to the maximum degree, and secondly, although the impeller inlet can design the guide blades and the impeller inlet into the same width mode to realize that the flow passing through the fluid director is equal to the flow passing through the impeller and realize the maximum flow guiding effect of the fluid director, the linear structure of the impeller inlet is ignored, so that when the fluid is input, the fluid can vertically collide with the inner wall of the impeller inlet to cause energy loss, and the energy conversion efficiency is reduced.)

1. A hydraulic turbine impeller comprises a wheel disc (1), blades (2), blade angles (3) and a central disc (4), and is characterized in that the central disc (4) is arranged in the middle of the wheel disc (1), the central disc (4) is connected with an output shaft (13), a plurality of uniformly distributed blades (2) are arranged on the outer ring of the central disc (4), and one end, close to the central disc (4), of each blade (2) is connected with one blade angle (3);

the impeller disc (1) is installed inside the shell (5), the fluid director (6) is fixedly connected with the shell (5), the fluid director (6) comprises a working surface (8), a flow guide inlet (14), a flow guide outlet (11) and a plurality of flow guide blades (9), the flow guide blades (9) which are uniformly distributed are installed on the working surface (8), the middle of the working surface (8) is provided with the flow guide inlet (14), two adjacent flow guide blades (9) are provided with the flow guide outlet (11), the shell (5) is internally provided with the shell outlet (7), the fluid director (6) is positioned on one side of the shell outlet (7), the impeller disc (1) is positioned on the other side of the shell outlet (7) when being installed, one side of the impeller disc (1) close to the shell outlet (7) is an impeller outlet (10), and one side of the impeller disc (1) far away from the shell outlet (7) is a blade (2), the blades (2) are arranged inside the impeller inlet (12).

2. The hydrodynamic turbine wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades (2) and the blade angle (3) are arranged obliquely, and the angle α between the outer edge of the blade angle (3) and the central disk (4) is 160 °, and the oblique angle β between the blade angle (3) and the blades (2) is 120 °.

3. The hydraulic turbine impeller as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the impeller inlet (12) is of arcuate configuration, and the diameter of the impeller inlet (12) is adapted to the width of the guide vanes (9).

4. The hydrodynamic turbine wheel according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide vanes (9) are of arcuate configuration and the direction of curvature of the guide vanes (9) is the same as the direction of rotation of the blades (2).

5. A method of operating a hydraulic turbine wheel as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:

the method comprises the following steps: firstly, the fluid director (6) is fixedly connected with the shell (5) through bolts, when the fluid director is installed, the working surface (8) of the fluid director (6) is positioned in the shell (5), the working surface (8) is opposite and corresponding to an impeller outlet (10) of an impeller along the horizontal direction, and a flow channel which points to the edge position of the fluid director (6) from the center position of the fluid director (6) is formed between two adjacent guide vanes (9);

step two: when fluid flows out from the impeller outlet (10) and flows to the fluid director (6) along the horizontal direction, the fluid enters the fluid director (6) through the diversion inlet (14), flows to the diversion outlet (11) along a flow channel inside the fluid director (6) under the diversion action of the diversion blades (9) and further reaches the position of the shell outlet (7), the fluid flows to the impeller inlet (12) after passing through the diversion outlet (11), the fluid directly acts on the blades (2), and the impact force of the fluid is directly converted into mechanical energy by the blades (2), so that the output shaft (13) is driven to rotate.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of hydraulic turbine impellers, in particular to a hydraulic turbine impeller and a working method thereof.

Background

The hydraulic turbine is an energy recovery device, and the turbine is a machine for converting energy contained in a fluid working medium into mechanical energy, and is also called a turbine. The working conditions of the turbine are different from the working medium, so the turbine has various structural types, but the basic working principle is similar. The most important part of the turbine is a rotating element, the rotor or impeller, which is mounted on the shaft of the turbine and has blades arranged uniformly around the circumference. The energy of the fluid is converted into kinetic energy when passing through the spray pipe in the flowing process, and the fluid impacts the blades when passing through the impeller to push the impeller to rotate, so that the turbine shaft is driven to rotate. The turbine shaft drives other machines directly or through a transmission mechanism to output mechanical work. The existing hydraulic turbine impeller still has certain defects when in use, firstly, the impact force of fluid cannot be converted into mechanical energy to the maximum extent when the blades of the impeller are impacted by the fluid, because the impact area of the blades of the impeller, which are contacted with the fluid, is small, secondly, although the flow guide blades and the impeller inlet can be designed into the same width mode by the impeller inlet to realize that the flow passing through the flow guide device is equal to the flow passing through the impeller, the maximum flow guide effect of the flow guide device on the fluid is realized, but the linear structure of the impeller inlet is ignored, so that the energy loss can be caused by the vertical collision between the fluid and the inner wall of the impeller inlet when the fluid is input, and the energy conversion efficiency is reduced.

The publication number is: the patent CN107013400A discloses a hydraulic turbine, which, compared with the present application, cannot solve the problems proposed in the present application: when the existing hydraulic turbine impeller is used, firstly, the impact force of fluid cannot be converted into mechanical energy to the maximum extent in the process that blades of the impeller are impacted by the fluid, the reason is that the impact area of the blades of the impeller, which are contacted with the fluid, is small, secondly, although the flow guide blades and the impeller inlet can be designed into the same width mode to realize that the flow passing through the flow guide device is equal to the flow passing through the impeller, the maximum flow guide effect of the flow guide device on the fluid is realized, but the linear structure of the impeller inlet is ignored, so that the energy loss can be caused by the vertical collision between the fluid and the inner wall of the impeller inlet when the fluid is input, and the energy conversion efficiency is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a hydraulic turbine impeller and a working method thereof, which can solve the problem that when the existing hydraulic turbine impeller is used, firstly, the impact force of fluid cannot be converted into mechanical energy to the maximum extent in the process of impacting the blades of the impeller by the fluid, because the impact area of the blades of the impeller, which are contacted with the fluid, is small, and secondly, although the flow of a fluid director passing through an impeller and the flow of the fluid director passing through an impeller are kept equal by designing a guide vane and an impeller inlet into the same width, the maximum flow guiding effect of the fluid director on the fluid is realized, but the linear structure of the impeller inlet is ignored, so that when the fluid is input, the fluid vertically collides with the inner wall of the impeller inlet to cause energy loss, and thus the energy conversion efficiency is reduced.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:

a hydraulic turbine impeller comprises a wheel disc, blades, blade angles and a central disc, wherein the central disc is arranged in the middle of the wheel disc and connected with an output shaft, a plurality of uniformly distributed blades are arranged on the outer ring of the central disc, and one end, close to the central disc, of each blade is connected with one blade angle;

the rim plate is installed inside the casing, fixed connection between divertor and the casing, the divertor includes working face, water conservancy diversion import, water conservancy diversion export and a plurality of guide vane, install a plurality of evenly distributed's guide vane on the working face, just the working face middle part is provided with the water conservancy diversion import, adjacent two be provided with the water conservancy diversion export between the guide vane, the inside casing export that is provided with of casing, the divertor is located casing export one side, the rim plate is located casing export opposite side, one side that the rim plate is close to the casing export when the installation is the impeller export, just one side that the casing export was kept away from to the rim plate is the blade, the blade sets up inside the impeller import.

Preferably, the blades and the blade angles are arranged in an inclined mode, the included angle α between the outer edge of each blade angle and the central disc is 160 degrees, and the inclined included angle β between each blade angle and each blade is 120 degrees.

Preferably, the impeller inlet is of an arc-shaped structure, and the diameter of the impeller inlet is matched with the width of the guide vane.

Preferably, the guide vane is of an arc-shaped structure, and the bending direction of the guide vane is the same as the rotation direction of the vane.

A working method of a hydraulic turbine impeller comprises the following specific steps:

the method comprises the following steps: firstly, fixedly connecting a fluid director with a shell through bolts, arranging a working surface of the fluid director in the shell when the fluid director is installed, enabling the working surface to oppositely correspond to an impeller outlet of an impeller along the horizontal direction, and forming a flow channel from the center of the fluid director to the edge of the fluid director between every two adjacent guide vanes;

step two: when fluid flows out from the impeller outlet and flows to the fluid director along the horizontal direction, the fluid enters the fluid director through the flow guide inlet, flows to the flow guide outlet along the flow channel in the fluid director under the flow guide effect of the flow guide blades and further reaches the position of the shell outlet, the fluid flows to the impeller inlet after passing through the flow guide outlet, the fluid directly acts on the blades, and the blades directly convert the impact force of the fluid into mechanical energy so as to drive the output shaft to rotate.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the inlet of the impeller is of an arc-shaped structure, and the diameter of the inlet of the impeller is matched with the width of the guide vanes, so that the flow passing through the fluid director and the flow passing through the impeller are kept equal, the maximum flow guide efficiency of the fluid by the fluid director is realized, the phenomenon that the fluid flow is stagnated between the impeller and the fluid director due to the fact that the fluid director cannot rapidly complete flow guide work on the fluid and the fluid resistance loss caused by the phenomenon are avoided, meanwhile, the inlet of the impeller of the arc-shaped structure enables the phenomenon that the larger energy loss is caused by vertical collision between the inner walls of the inlet of the impeller when the fluid is input to be avoided, and the energy conversion efficiency is;

because the blade and the blade angle are obliquely arranged, the included angle α between the outer edge of the blade angle and the central disc is 160 degrees, the oblique included angle β between the blade angle and the blade is 120 degrees, and the fluid is directly and vertically impacted with the blade when impacting the blade by matching with the impeller inlet with an arc structure, and the contact surface area between the blade and the fluid after the blade and the blade angle are oblique reaches the maximization, thereby realizing the maximum energy conversion.

Drawings

In order to facilitate understanding for those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a flow director structure according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a comparison of hydraulic efficiency curves obtained from a CFD numerical simulation comparison test of a hydraulic turbine of the present invention and a conventional hydraulic turbine;

in the figure: 1. a wheel disc; 2. a blade; 3. a leaf angle; 4. a central disk; 5. a housing; 6. a fluid director; 7. a housing outlet; 8. a working surface; 9. a guide vane; 10. an impeller outlet; 11. a diversion outlet; 12. an impeller inlet; 13. an output shaft; 14. and (4) a flow guide inlet.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-4, a hydraulic turbine impeller includes a wheel disc 1, blades 2, blade angles 3 and a central disc 4, wherein the central disc 4 is disposed in the middle of the wheel disc 1, the central disc 4 is connected to an output shaft 13, the outer ring of the central disc 4 is provided with a plurality of uniformly distributed blades 2, and one end of each blade 2 close to the central disc 4 is connected to one blade angle 3;

the wheel disc 1 is installed inside the shell 5, the fluid director 6 is fixedly connected with the shell 5, the fluid director 6 comprises a working surface 8, a flow guide inlet 14, a flow guide outlet 11 and a plurality of flow guide blades 9, the flow guide blades 9 which are uniformly distributed are installed on the working surface 8, the flow guide inlet 14 is arranged in the middle of the working surface 8, the flow guide outlet 11 is arranged between every two adjacent flow guide blades 9, a shell outlet 7 is formed inside the shell 5, the fluid director 6 is located on one side of the shell outlet 7, the wheel disc 1 is located on the other side of the shell outlet 7, one side, close to the shell outlet 7, of the wheel disc 1 is an impeller outlet 10 when the wheel disc is installed, one side, far away from the shell outlet 7, of.

The blades 2 and the blade angles 3 are arranged in an inclined mode, the included angle α between the outer edge of each blade angle 3 and the central disc 4 is 160 degrees, and the inclined included angle β between each blade angle 3 and each blade 2 is 120 degrees.

The impeller inlet 12 is of an arc-shaped structure, and the diameter of the impeller inlet 12 is matched with the width of the guide vane 9.

The guide vane 9 is of an arc-shaped structure, and the bending direction of the guide vane 9 is the same as the rotating direction of the vane 2.

A working method of a hydraulic turbine impeller comprises the following specific steps:

the method comprises the following steps: firstly, fixedly connecting a fluid director 6 with a shell 5 through bolts, positioning a working surface 8 of the fluid director 6 in the shell 5 when the fluid director is installed, wherein the working surface 8 corresponds to an impeller outlet 10 of an impeller in an opposite direction along the horizontal direction, and a flow channel which points from the center of the fluid director 6 to the edge of the fluid director 6 is formed between two adjacent guide vanes 9;

step two: when fluid flows out from the impeller outlet 10 and flows to the fluid director 6 along the horizontal direction, the fluid enters the fluid director 6 through the guide inlet 14, flows to the guide outlet 11 along the flow channel inside the fluid director 6 under the guide action of the guide vanes 9, and further reaches the position of the shell outlet 7, the fluid flows to the impeller inlet 12 after passing through the guide outlet 11, the fluid directly acts on the vanes 2, and the vanes 2 directly convert the impact force of the fluid into mechanical energy, so that the output shaft 13 is driven to rotate.

When the fluid is operated, when the fluid flows out from the impeller outlet 10 and flows to the position of the fluid director 6 along the horizontal direction, the fluid enters the fluid director 6 through the diversion inlet 14, flows to the diversion outlet 11 along the flow channel inside the fluid director 6 under the diversion action of the diversion blades 9, and further reaches the position of the housing outlet 7. the fluid director 6 has the diversion effect on the turning process of the fluid, separates the component velocity along the circumferential direction and the component velocity along the linear direction, avoids the phenomenon of serious fluid turbulence and the loss of turbulent resistance caused by the phenomenon of serious fluid turbulence when the fluid is turned at right angles, thereby reducing the hydraulic loss, improving the hydraulic efficiency, the fluid flows to the inlet 12 after passing through the diversion outlet 11, the fluid directly acts on the blades 2, the blades 2 directly convert the fluid into the energy which is in the mechanical turbulence phenomenon and the energy loss of the turbulence caused by the phenomenon, the energy of the arc-shaped fluid is converted into the energy which can not only be matched with the impeller inlet 2 when the impeller inlet 2, the impeller inlet 2 is in the direction, the impeller inlet 2 is not only the impeller inlet 2, the impeller inlet 2 is in the case of the impeller 2, the impeller inlet 2, the impeller 2 is not only, the impeller inlet 2, the impeller inlet is not only, the impeller inlet 2, the impeller inlet is not only, but also the impeller inlet, the impeller inlet is not only, the impeller inlet is not only, the impeller inlet is not only;

the test verifies, adjust the relevant parameter in the CFD numerical simulation, carry on the hydraulic efficiency test in the whole operating mode range to the hydraulic turbine of the invention and conventional hydraulic turbine, and obtain the curve contrast chart as shown in fig. 4, wherein the high efficiency index represents the improved hydraulic turbine impeller data of the invention in fig. 4, the low efficiency index represents the ordinary hydraulic turbine impeller data not improved, can further verify from fig. 4, because of improved blade 2, blade angle 3 and impeller inlet 12, make the hydraulic efficiency of the hydraulic turbine of the invention is higher than the hydraulic efficiency of the conventional hydraulic turbine under different flux operating modes, and the hydraulic efficiency is improved 5% -8% on average.

The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.