阅读说明：本技术 船用承压安全壳超压保护装置及其应用 (Overpressure protection device for pressure-bearing containment vessel for ship and application of overpressure protection device ) 是由 张丹 冉旭 黄代顺 彭诗念 卢川 刘余 周科 李峰 杨帆 鲜麟 陆雅哲 习蒙蒙 于 2020-04-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了船用承压安全壳超压保护装置及其应用,超压保护装置包括设置在安全壳内的双向安全阀、爆破阀和可拆卸排放管,其中,可拆卸排放管与安全壳壁面连接,所述双向安全阀和爆破阀均安装在可拆卸排放管上,且双向安全阀位于安全壳壁面与爆破阀之间；爆破阀的开启定值低于安全阀起跳定值。本发明对内可实现在安全壳内面临超压时受控适当排出壳内流体,保证安全壳的完整性；对外当遭遇沉没等极端工况时,可以连通海水和安全壳,同时引海水入壳,保证安全壳的完整性对内可实现在安全壳内面临超压时受控适当排出壳内流体,保证安全壳的完整性。(The invention discloses an overpressure protection device of a pressure-bearing containment vessel for a ship and application thereof, wherein the overpressure protection device comprises a two-way safety valve, a blasting valve and a detachable discharge pipe which are arranged in the containment vessel, the detachable discharge pipe is connected with the wall surface of the containment vessel, the two-way safety valve and the blasting valve are both arranged on the detachable discharge pipe, and the two-way safety valve is positioned between the wall surface of the containment vessel and the blasting valve; the opening fixed value of the explosion valve is lower than the tripping fixed value of the safety valve. The invention can realize the controlled and proper discharge of the fluid in the containment when the containment is subjected to overpressure, thereby ensuring the integrity of the containment; when extreme working conditions such as sinking are encountered, seawater and the containment vessel can be communicated, and the seawater is introduced into the shell, so that the integrity of the containment vessel can be ensured, and the fluid in the shell can be controlled and properly discharged when the containment vessel is subjected to overpressure, and the integrity of the containment vessel is ensured.)

1. The overpressure protection device for the pressure-bearing containment vessel for the ship is characterized by comprising a two-way safety valve, a blasting valve and a detachable discharge pipe, wherein the two-way safety valve, the blasting valve and the detachable discharge pipe are arranged in the containment vessel; the opening fixed value of the explosion valve is lower than the tripping fixed value of the safety valve.

2. The over-pressure protection device according to claim 1, wherein said two-way safety valve is normally in a closed condition; when the upstream or downstream pressure is higher than the take-off fixed value of the safety valve, the safety valve is automatically opened to realize the discharge of fluid in the containment shell or the inflow of seawater; when the internal or external pressure of the safety valve is reduced, the valve automatically returns to the seat, and the integrity of the pressure boundary of the containment vessel is kept.

3. The over-pressure protection device according to claim 2 wherein said burst valve is normally closed as part of a containment pressure boundary; and automatically blasting opening according to the condition that the upstream or downstream pressure is higher than the opening constant value.

4. The overpressure protection apparatus of claim 3 wherein said removable drain tube is flanged to the containment wall and is removable for servicing, after which the containment opening serves as a service opening.

5. The overpressure protection apparatus of any one of claims 1-4 further including a seawater screen disposed at the containment opening for filtering seawater impurities in the event seawater enters the containment to avoid the safety valve from sticking open.

6. The over-pressure protection device according to any one of claims 1-4, further comprising a radioactive aerosol screen disposed at the inner end port of the removable discharge enclosure for filtering radioactive material of the exhaust fluid during in-containment over-pressure protection conditions.

7. The overpressure protection apparatus of any one of claims 1-4 further including a shield secured to the inner end of the housing of the removable discharge tube to provide radiation shielding to personnel and the environment outside the housing during operation of the apparatus.

8. The overpressure protection system for the containment of the marine nuclear power system is characterized in that by adopting the overpressure protection device for the pressure-bearing containment of the marine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the internal controlled and proper discharge of fluid in the containment can be realized when the containment is subjected to overpressure, so that the integrity of the containment is ensured; when the outside of the containment vessel encounters extreme working conditions, the seawater and the containment vessel can be communicated to introduce the seawater into the containment vessel, the integrity of the containment vessel is ensured, and meanwhile, the waste heat of the reactor is discharged, so that the safety of the reactor is ensured.

9. The overpressure protection system of claim 8 wherein the overpressure condition within the containment vessel includes a high pressure resulting from a coolant breach or a primary steam line breach followed by a containment blow-off.

10. The overpressure protection system of claim 8 wherein the extreme conditions encountered by the containment vessel include damage to the containment vessel from external water pressure during a ship's submergence.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of overpressure integrity design of a pressure-bearing containment vessel for a ship, in particular to an overpressure protection device of the pressure-bearing containment vessel for the ship and the overpressure protection device for the containment vessel of a nuclear power system for the ship or other containment vessels with pressure-bearing requirements for internal or external overpressure protection.

Background

For a pressurized water reactor for a ship, a containment vessel is designed with a certain internal pressure bearing capacity and is mainly used for bearing high pressure generated by spraying to the containment vessel after a coolant breach accident and a main steam pipeline rupture accident, so that the safety requirement of radioactive containment after the accident is realized, and in order to properly reduce the internal pressure bearing capacity of the containment vessel, the requirement of overpressure protection of the containment vessel after the accident exists, the current nuclear power plant design generally considers means such as additionally arranging a containment vessel pressure-restraining system. The containment has a certain pressure-bearing capacity outwards, and can bear external impact; in order to avoid the damage of the containment vessel caused by the external water pressure during the sinking process of the ship and ensure the long-term cooling of the reactor, the internal and external pressures need to be balanced in a proper mode, and the reactor core needs to be cooled by the seawater for a long time.

However, for a nuclear power system for a ship, the space and the weight of a cabin are increased by a traditional additionally-arranged pressure suppression system, the traditional scheme is not an optimal scheme, and the damage of the working condition of a sunken ship to a containment cannot be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the overpressure protection device for the pressure-bearing containment vessel for the ship is internally provided, so that fluid in the containment vessel can be properly discharged when the interior of the containment vessel is subjected to overpressure, and the integrity of the containment vessel is ensured; when the extreme working conditions such as sinking are encountered, the seawater and the containment vessel can be communicated, the seawater is introduced into the containment vessel, and the integrity of the containment vessel is ensured.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the overpressure protection device for the pressure-bearing containment vessel comprises a two-way safety valve, a blasting valve and a detachable discharge pipe, wherein the two-way safety valve, the blasting valve and the detachable discharge pipe are arranged in the containment vessel; the opening fixed value of the explosion valve is lower than the tripping fixed value of the safety valve.

The protection device is a passive device, when the pressure in the containment shell is higher than the opening set value of the blasting valve, the valve is automatically opened, and then the safety valve takes the overpressure protection function of the containment; when the pressure outside the containment shell is higher than the take-off fixed value of the safety valve, the safety valve is firstly opened, then the explosion valve is triggered to be opened, the seawater and the containment shell are communicated, and the seawater is introduced into the shell.

Preferably, the two-way safety valve of the present invention is normally in a closed state; when the upstream or downstream pressure is higher than the take-off fixed value of the safety valve, the safety valve is automatically opened to realize the discharge of fluid in the containment shell or the inflow of seawater; when the internal or external pressure of the safety valve is reduced, the valve automatically returns to the seat, and the integrity of the pressure boundary of the containment vessel is kept.

Preferably, the burst valve of the present invention is normally closed as part of the containment pressure boundary; and automatically blasting opening according to the condition that the upstream or downstream pressure is higher than the opening constant value.

Preferably, the detachable discharge pipe of the present invention not only serves as a fluid pipeline of the overpressure protection device, but also can be detached during maintenance, so that the maintenance can be performed through the opening of the containment wall surface (and the connecting hole between the detachable discharge pipe and the containment wall surface). The detachable discharge pipe is connected with the wall surface of the containment through a flange, and can be detached during maintenance, and then the opening of the containment is used as a maintenance hole.

In order to avoid the blockage of the valve by seawater impurities, the protection device of the invention preferably further comprises a seawater filter screen, wherein the seawater filter screen is arranged at the opening of the containment vessel and is used for filtering the seawater impurities and avoiding the safety valve from being blocked under the condition that seawater flows into the containment vessel.

Preferably, the protection device of the present invention is applied to a system containing radioactive materials, in order to secure safety of workers and the environment. The protection device also comprises a radioactive aerosol filter screen which is arranged at the inner end port of the detachable discharge tube shell and used for filtering radioactive substances of discharged fluid under the working condition of overpressure protection in the containment.

Preferably, the protection device of the invention is used in a radioactive system to ensure the safety of the personnel and the environment involved. The protective device of the present invention also includes a shielding layer secured to the inner end of the housing of the removable discharge tube to provide radiation shielding to personnel and the environment outside the housing during operation of the device.

On the other hand, the invention also provides an overpressure protection system for the containment of the marine nuclear power system, and by adopting the overpressure protection device for the pressure-bearing containment of the marine, the internal fluid in the containment can be properly discharged in a controlled manner when the containment is subjected to overpressure, so that the integrity of the containment is ensured; when the outside of the containment vessel encounters extreme working conditions, the seawater and the containment vessel can be communicated to introduce the seawater into the containment vessel, the integrity of the containment vessel is ensured, and meanwhile, the waste heat of the reactor is discharged, so that the safety of the reactor is ensured.

When the overpressure protection device for the pressure-bearing containment vessel for the ship is applied to a nuclear power system for the ship, the overpressure protection or seawater communication function is realized through passive triggering and automatic protection, and the operation reliability of a nuclear reactor is improved. In addition, the overpressure protection device for the pressure-bearing containment vessel for the ship can also be applied to overpressure protection of other containment vessels for the ship which need pressure bearing.

Preferably, the conditions of overpressure in the containment vessel of the present invention include high pressure resulting from a blast back to the containment vessel following a coolant breach or primary steam line rupture event.

Preferably, the extreme conditions encountered by the containment vessel of the present invention include damage to the containment vessel from external water pressure during the submergence of the vessel.

The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

the invention provides an overpressure protection device for a pressure-bearing containment vessel for a ship, which can realize controlled and proper discharge of fluid in the containment vessel when the containment vessel is subjected to overpressure internally, so that the integrity of the containment vessel is ensured; when extreme working conditions such as sinking are encountered, seawater and the containment vessel can be communicated, and the seawater is introduced into the shell, so that the integrity of the containment vessel can be ensured, and the fluid in the shell can be controlled and properly discharged when the containment vessel is subjected to overpressure, and the integrity of the containment vessel is ensured.

The overpressure protection device has wide application range, can be applied to overpressure protection of the containment vessel of the marine nuclear power system, and can also be applied to overpressure protection of other containment vessels which need to bear pressure for ships. When the device is applied to overpressure protection of the containment vessel of the marine nuclear power system, the device belongs to a passive system, so that a protection function can be provided when overpressure exists inside and outside the containment vessel, and waste heat of a reactor can be discharged, so that the safety of the reactor is ensured, and the operation reliability of the nuclear reactor is improved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the apparatus of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a containment wall; 2. a seawater filter screen; 3. a two-way safety valve; 4. a blast valve; 5. a radioactive filter screen; 6. a shielding layer; 7. a removable drain tube.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, the term "comprising" or "may include" used in various embodiments of the present invention indicates the presence of the invented function, operation or element, and does not limit the addition of one or more functions, operations or elements. Furthermore, as used in various embodiments of the present invention, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having" and their derivatives are intended to mean that the specified features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing, are only meant to indicate that a particular feature, number, step, operation, element, component, or combination of the foregoing, and should not be construed as first excluding the existence of, or adding to the possibility of, one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, elements, components, or combinations of the foregoing.

In various embodiments of the invention, the expression "or" at least one of a or/and B "includes any or all combinations of the words listed simultaneously. For example, the expression "a or B" or "at least one of a or/and B" may include a, may include B, or may include both a and B.

Expressions (such as "first", "second", and the like) used in various embodiments of the present invention may modify various constituent elements in various embodiments, but may not limit the respective constituent elements. For example, the above description does not limit the order and/or importance of the elements described. The foregoing description is for the purpose of distinguishing one element from another. For example, the first user device and the second user device indicate different user devices, although both are user devices. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention.

It should be noted that: if it is described that one constituent element is "connected" to another constituent element, the first constituent element may be directly connected to the second constituent element, and a third constituent element may be "connected" between the first constituent element and the second constituent element. In contrast, when one constituent element is "directly connected" to another constituent element, it is understood that there is no third constituent element between the first constituent element and the second constituent element.

The terminology used in the various embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the various embodiments of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which various embodiments of the present invention belong. The terms (such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries) should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their contextual meaning in the relevant art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein in various embodiments of the present invention.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.