阅读说明：本技术 冷却系统 (Cooling system ) 是由 刘兴民 郭春秋 柯国土 阎昌琪 徐浚修 岳芷廷 邹佳讯 尹皓 张焱 李杨柳 宋仕 于 2020-04-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明的实施例提供了一种冷却系统,包括引风装置以及至少一组冷却回路,其中,所述引风装置设置于池式反应堆水池外的上方位置,用于提高空气的流速；所述冷却回路包括第一换热器、第二换热器、第一管路、第二管路和阀门。本发明提供的冷却系统中的冷却回路采用分离式热管原理,不需要依赖任何能动设备和人为干预,即可实现池式反应堆水池内衰变热的非能动导出,具有高度的安全性。(The embodiment of the invention provides a cooling system, which comprises an air inducing device and at least one group of cooling loops, wherein the air inducing device is arranged at the upper position outside a pool of a pool type reactor and used for improving the flow velocity of air; the cooling circuit includes a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a first conduit, a second conduit, and a valve. The cooling loop in the cooling system provided by the invention adopts a separated heat pipe principle, can realize the passive derivation of decay heat in the pool type reactor pool without depending on any active equipment and human intervention, and has high safety.)

1. A cooling system (100), characterized by: the cooling system (100) comprises an air-guiding device (130) and at least one set of cooling circuits (140), wherein,

the air inducing device (130) is arranged at the upper position outside the pool type reactor pool (110) and is used for improving the flow velocity of air;

the cooling circuit (140) comprises a first heat exchanger (141), a second heat exchanger (142), a first line (143), a second line (144) and a valve (145), wherein,

the first pipeline (143) is connected with the outlet of the first heat exchanger (141) and the inlet of the second heat exchanger (142), and the second pipeline (144) is connected with the outlet of the second heat exchanger (142) and the inlet of the first heat exchanger (141) and is used for forming a working medium circulation channel;

the first heat exchanger (141) is submerged in the water in the pool type reactor water pool (110) and is higher than the reactor (120), and the first heat exchanger (141) is in direct contact with the pool water and is used for absorbing the heat of the pool water in the pool type reactor water pool (110) to evaporate the working medium in the loop;

the second heat exchanger (142) is arranged in the air inducing device (130) and is used for condensing the evaporated working medium in the loop under the action of air flowing in the air inducing device (130);

the valve (145) is arranged on the second pipeline (144) and is used for automatically opening during shutdown or accident conditions, so that the working medium circulates in the cooling system.

2. The cooling system (100) of claim 1, wherein: the valve (145) is placed outside the pool (110) of the pool reactor.

3. The cooling system (100) of claim 1, wherein: the inlet of the first heat exchanger (141) is located at the lower end, and the outlet of the first heat exchanger (141) is located at the upper end.

4. The cooling system (100) of claim 1, wherein: the first heat exchanger (141) is a single-tube-pass tube heat exchanger.

5. The cooling system (100) of claim 1, wherein: the inlet of the second heat exchanger (142) is located at the upper end, and the outlet of the second heat exchanger (142) is located at the lower end.

6. The cooling system (100) of claim 1, wherein: the upper end and the lower end of the air inducing device (130) are respectively provided with an outlet (131) and an inlet (132), and the air inducing device (130) is communicated with the atmosphere through the outlet (131) and the inlet (132).

7. The cooling system (100) of claim 1, wherein: the working medium in the cooling loop (140) is water.

8. The cooling system according to claim 1, wherein: the cooling system (100) is arranged to operate at negative pressure.

9. The cooling system according to claims 1 to 8, wherein: the number of the first heat exchangers (141) is multiple, and the multiple first heat exchangers (141) are arranged in parallel and share the inlet through which the working medium enters and the outlet through which the working medium flows out.

10. The cooling system according to claims 1 to 8, wherein: the number of the second heat exchangers (142) is multiple, and the second heat exchangers (142) are arranged in parallel and share the inlet through which the working medium enters and the outlet through which the working medium flows out.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a cooling system, in particular to a cooling system for discharging waste heat of a pool type reactor.

Background

The existing heat removal system of the pool type reactor pool mainly utilizes the non-phase change heat transfer of working media in the system, the cooling circulation has the problem that the temperature difference between a pool heat source and external air is small, so that the heat transfer efficiency is low, in addition, the existing heat removal system needs active equipment, the residual heat of a reactor core cannot be led out under the accident condition, and the artificial intervention has unsafe hidden danger.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of embodiments of the present invention to provide a cooling system whereby, for example, waste heat from a pool reactor can be efficiently and safely removed.

According to an embodiment of the invention, a cooling system is provided, which comprises an air inducing device and at least one group of cooling loops, wherein the air inducing device is arranged at an upper position outside a pool of a pool type reactor and used for increasing the flow velocity of air; the cooling loop comprises a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a first pipeline, a second pipeline and a valve, wherein the first pipeline is connected with an outlet of the first heat exchanger and an inlet of the second heat exchanger, and the second pipeline is connected with an outlet of the second heat exchanger and an inlet of the first heat exchanger and is used for forming a working medium circulation channel; the first heat exchanger is submerged in the water in the pool type reactor water pool and is higher than the reactor, and the first heat exchanger is directly contacted with the pool water and is used for absorbing the heat of the pool water in the pool type reactor water pool to evaporate the working medium in the loop; the second heat exchanger is arranged in the air inducing device and is used for condensing the evaporated working medium in the loop under the action of air flowing in the air inducing device; the valve is arranged on the second pipeline and is used for being automatically opened during shutdown or under accident conditions, so that the working medium circulates in the cooling system.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the valve is placed outside the pool of the pool reactor.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the inlet of the first heat exchanger is located at a lower end and the outlet of the first heat exchanger is located at an upper end.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the first heat exchanger is a single pass tubular heat exchanger.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the inlet of the second heat exchanger is located at an upper end and the outlet of the second heat exchanger is located at a lower end.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the upper end and the lower end of the induced draft device are respectively provided with the outlet and the inlet, and the induced draft device is communicated with the atmosphere through the outlet and the inlet.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the working fluid in the cooling circuit is water.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the cooling system is arranged to operate under negative pressure.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the number of the first heat exchangers is multiple, and the multiple first heat exchangers are arranged in parallel and share the inlet through which the working medium enters and the outlet through which the working medium flows out.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the number of the second heat exchangers is multiple, and the multiple second heat exchangers are arranged in parallel and share the inlet into which the working medium enters and the outlet from which the working medium flows out.

According to the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention, for example, the effect of efficiently leading out the waste heat of the pool reactor can be obtained by utilizing the phase change circulation of the working medium in the cooling loop.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a cooling system of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of the circulating fluid, air and pond water during operation of the cooling system of an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and detailed description.

As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the cooling system 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention includes an air inducing device 130 and at least one set of cooling circuits 140, wherein the air inducing device 130 is disposed at an upper position outside the pool reactor 110 for increasing the flow rate of air. The wind-inducing device may be a wind-inducing tower. With the cooling system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, for example, by providing the air inducing device 130 at an upper position outside the pool reactor 110, organized movement of air can be induced and the flow rate of air can be increased.

Fig. 1 and 2 show that the cooling system 100 of the embodiment of the invention includes two sets of cooling circuits 140, but in some embodiments of the invention, the cooling system 100 may include one set or more than two sets of cooling circuits 140, for example, the sets of cooling circuits 140 are arranged at intervals along the periphery of the pool 110. With the cooling system 100 according to the embodiment of the invention, for example, by providing a plurality of sets of cooling circuits 140, the operations of the sets of cooling circuits 140 can be made independent of each other, so that even if some of the cooling circuits 140 fail, the other cooling circuits 140 can still operate reliably, thereby improving the reliability of the system.

As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the cooling circuit 140 includes a first heat exchanger 141, a second heat exchanger 142, a first pipe 143, a second pipe 144, and a valve 145.

In which the first heat exchanger 141 and the second heat exchanger 42 may be heat pipes, the cooling system 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention may be used, for example, a heat pipe with high heat transfer efficiency is used, and a large amount of heat can be transmitted in a long distance through a small cross-sectional area without external power. Additionally, in some embodiments of the present invention, the first heat exchanger 141 is a single pass tubular heat exchanger. The pool water side of the single-tube-pass tubular heat exchanger is of an open structure, the pool water is directly contacted with the heat pipe, and heat is led into the cooling loop through the heat pipe. With the cooling system 100 according to the embodiment of the invention, the pool water flows through the outer surface of the single-tube-pass tubular heat exchanger, namely, the pool water and the stainless steel shell of the heat pipe perform heat convection and exchange, the heat is transferred to the working medium of the heat pipe, and the heat transfer efficiency is high.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 2, the first pipeline 143 connects the outlet of the first heat exchanger 141 and the inlet of the second heat exchanger 142, and the second pipeline 144 connects the outlet of the second heat exchanger 142 and the inlet of the first heat exchanger 141, so as to form a working medium circulation channel. In the embodiment of the present invention, the inlet of the first heat exchanger 141 is located at the lower end, and the outlet of the first heat exchanger 141 is located at the upper end. The inlet of the second heat exchanger 142 is located at the upper end, and the outlet of the second heat exchanger 142 is located at the lower end. With the cooling system 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, for example, by adjusting the placement of the inlets and outlets of the first heat exchanger 141 and the second heat exchanger 142, the working medium can be evaporated and moved upward in the first heat exchanger 141 after absorbing heat of the pool water, and the working medium can be condensed and moved downward after reaching the second heat exchanger 142 to form a working medium circulation loop.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 2, the first heat exchanger 141 is submerged in the water in the pool 110 of the pool reactor and is higher than the reactor 120, and the first heat exchanger 141 is in direct contact with the pool water and is used for absorbing heat of the pool water in the pool 110 of the pool reactor to evaporate the working medium in the loop; the second heat exchanger 142 is placed in the air inducing device 130, and is used for condensing the evaporated working medium in the loop under the action of air flowing in the air inducing device 130. With the cooling system 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention, for example, by transferring heat through phase change of the working medium in the first heat exchanger 141 and the second heat exchanger 142, efficient transmission with a small temperature difference between the heat source and the heat sink can be achieved.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 2, the valve 145 is disposed on the second pipe 144 and is automatically opened during a shutdown or an accident so that the working fluid circulates in the cooling system 100. With the cooling system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, for example, by providing the valve 145 that opens automatically, the potential safety hazard caused by human intervention opening is avoided. In an embodiment of the present invention, the valve 145 is placed outside the pool reactor tank 110. With the cooling system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, for example, the valve 145 is disposed outside the pool 110, and the valve can be conveniently operated.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the first heat exchanger 141 may be an evaporation section of a split heat pipe, the first pipeline 143 may be a vapor riser of the split heat pipe, the second heat exchanger 142 may be a condensation section of the split heat pipe, and the second pipeline may be a condensate return pipe of the split heat pipe. In addition, the inlet of the heat pipe in the evaporation section of the separate heat pipe may be located at the lower end, and the outlet may be located at the upper end; the inlet of the heat pipe in the condenser section of the split heat pipe may be located at the upper end and the outlet may be located at the lower end. The evaporation section and the condensation section are two mutually independent parts, and the evaporation section and the condensation section are connected into an integral circulation loop by the steam ascending pipe and the condensation return pipe.

Specifically, the working medium absorbs the heat of the pool water in the evaporation section to evaporate, phase change is generated, the working medium is changed into gas, the density of the gas can be reduced, the gas can reach the condensation section through the steam ascending pipe, in the condensation section, the working medium exchanges the heat for the air flowing outside and is condensed into a liquid phase with high density, and under the action of the density difference between the gas and the liquid phase and the height difference between the evaporation section and the condensation section, the condensate returns to the evaporation section through the condensation backflow pipe, so that a cooling cycle is completed.

As shown in fig. 1 to 2, an outlet 131 and an inlet 132 are respectively disposed at the upper end and the lower end of the air inducing device 130, and the air inducing device 130 is communicated with the atmosphere through the outlet 131 and the inlet 132. When the cooling system 100 operates, the inlet 132 and the outlet 131 are respectively disposed at the lower end and the upper end of the air inducing device 130, so that the air heated and rising in the air inducing device 130 enters the atmospheric environment through the outlet 131, and meanwhile, the normal temperature air enters the air inducing device 130 through the inlet 132 to form an effective air flow, thereby taking away the heat in the second heat exchanger 142 to the atmospheric environment. In some embodiments of the present invention, for example, the upper end and the lower end of the induced draft tower may be respectively provided with an outlet and an inlet, the normal temperature air enters the induced draft tower through the inlet, the condensing section is disposed in the induced draft tower, and when the cooling system operates, the gaseous working medium reaching the heat pipe of the condensing section exchanges heat with the air in the induced draft tower in a convection manner to be condensed into a liquid phase, so as to transfer the heat in the heat pipe of the condensing section to the outside atmosphere. According to the cooling system 100 of the embodiment of the invention, efficient convective heat exchange between the second heat exchanger 142 and the air flowing in the air inducing device 130 can be realized.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the working fluid in the cooling circuit 140 is water. The cooling system 100 is arranged to operate at a negative pressure. The inlet and outlet temperatures of the currently designed pool reactor are respectively 68 ℃ and 98 ℃, the working temperature of the heat pipe is generally between 60 ℃ and 90 ℃, the commonly used working medium in the temperature interval can be water, and meanwhile, the system needs to operate under negative pressure to enable the water to generate phase change, for example, the saturation temperature of the working medium water in the heat pipe is 52 ℃, and the corresponding saturation pressure is 0.015 MPa.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the number of the first heat exchangers 141 is multiple, and the multiple first heat exchangers 141 are arranged in parallel and share an inlet through which the working medium enters and an outlet through which the working medium flows out. The number of the second heat exchangers 142 is multiple, and the multiple second heat exchangers 142 are arranged in parallel and share an inlet through which the working medium enters and an outlet through which the working medium flows out. For example, the evaporation section of the separated heat pipes shares an inlet for the working medium to enter and an outlet for the working medium to flow out to form a heat exchange surface of the evaporation section, and similarly, the condensation section can also form a heat exchange surface of the condensation section, and the evaporation section and the condensation section of the separated heat pipes are not affected by each other. According to the cooling system 100 of the embodiment of the invention, the appropriate heat exchange area can be changed according to actual requirements.

The cooling circuit 140 in the cooling system 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention may be a split heat pipe, for example, the first heat exchanger 141 may be an evaporation section of the split heat pipe, the first pipeline 143 may be a vapor ascending pipe of the split heat pipe, the second heat exchanger 142 may be a condensation section of the split heat pipe, the second heat exchanger 142 may be a condensation return pipe of the split heat pipe, and the evaporation section and the condensation section are two independent parts.

The working principle of the cooling circuit 140 in the cooling system 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention may also be the basic working principle of a split heat pipe, that is, the working medium evaporates after the first heat exchanger 141 absorbs the heat of the pool water to generate phase change, the density of the working medium decreases and reaches the second heat exchanger 142 through the first pipeline 143, in the second heat exchanger 142, the working medium exchanges the heat to the air in the air inducing device 130 and condenses into a liquid phase with a higher density, and under the action of gravity, the condensed liquid returns to the first heat exchanger 141 through the second pipeline 144 again to complete the natural cooling cycle.

Further, as shown in fig. 2, when the cooling system 100 is in operation, the air in the draught device 130 is heated by the heat released from the second heat exchanger 142, the heated air rises and is released to the atmosphere through the outlet 131, and meanwhile, normal temperature air enters the draught device 130 through the inlet 132 of the draught device 130, so that organized natural air convection is formed, the heat in the second heat exchanger 142 is taken away to the atmosphere, and thus the decay heat of the reactor 120 is continuously discharged to the atmosphere for a long time by means of the air. The pool water in the upper part of the pool type reactor pool 110 is cooled by the first heat exchanger 141, so that the density of the pool water is increased and the pool water sinks, and the pool water in the lower part absorbs the decay heat of the reactor 120, so that the temperature of the pool water is increased and the density of the pool water is decreased, so that the pool water flows upwards, and therefore, the pool water in the pool type reactor pool 110 also forms a natural circulation.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the cooling circuit 140 uses water as a working medium, and the atmosphere as a cooling source, the first heat exchanger 141 is placed in the pool reactor 110, the water inside the first heat exchanger 141 absorbs the heat of the pool water and evaporates into gas, and the gas moves to the second heat exchanger 142 outside the pool and exchanges heat to the air in the air inducing device 130, so as to carry away the reactor core waste heat. In some embodiments of the present invention, the cooling system 100 is based on the principle of phase change, which increases the heat transfer coefficient while reducing the size of the first heat exchanger 141, the second heat exchanger 141 and the wind inducing device 130. In other embodiments of the present invention, the cooling system 100 operates under negative pressure, for example, the first heat exchanger 141 and the second heat exchanger 142 may be vacuumized, and then a predetermined amount of working fluid may be filled through the inlet of the first heat exchanger 141, and then sealed, so as to form a negative pressure state, and achieve a phase change of the working fluid at a lower temperature.

According to the embodiment of the invention, the problem of low heat transmission efficiency caused by small temperature difference between a pool heat source and an air cold source is solved by utilizing the phase change heat transmission of the working medium in the cooling loop 140, and in addition, the cooling loop 140 is also provided with the valve 145 which is automatically opened during shutdown or under an accident condition, so that the problem of unsafe hidden troubles caused by dependence on active equipment and manual intervention is solved, and the cooling loop has high heat transmission efficiency and inherent safety.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also belong to the scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention is defined by the claims.