阅读说明：本技术 用于卫星广播数据接收与风廓线测量的多功能相控阵天线 (Multifunctional phased array antenna for satellite broadcast data reception and wind profile measurement ) 是由 王选钢 黄轶 高细桥 张加坤 程志伟 于 2020-04-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于卫星广播数据接收与风廓线测量的多功能相控阵天线,包括天线罩、天线阵列、TR组件、安装框架、馈电网络、波控电源板、组合导航等部分,用于卫星广播数据接收与风廓线测量的多功能相控阵天线,通过一部共口径相控阵天线完成卫星气象广播数据接收和风廓线雷达信号收发,二者可同时进行,互不干扰。采多功能相控阵天线以接收我国自主气象卫星为主,接收国外气象卫星为辅；用于风廓线测量的信号发射功率不低于2kW,满足边界层风廓线探测需求。(The invention relates to a multifunctional phased array antenna for satellite broadcast data receiving and wind profile measuring, which comprises an antenna housing, an antenna array, a TR component, an installation frame, a feed network, a wave control power panel, a combined navigation part and the like. The multifunctional phased array antenna is adopted to mainly receive the autonomous meteorological satellite of China and to assist in receiving the foreign meteorological satellite; the signal transmitting power for measuring the wind profile is not lower than 2kW, and the detection requirement of the boundary layer wind profile is met.)

1. A multi-functional phased array antenna for satellite broadcast data reception and wind profile measurement, comprising:

the antenna array is formed by arranging antenna units according to a matrix, each antenna unit comprises an L1 frequency band and an L2 frequency band, wherein the L1 frequency band is used for receiving satellite signals, and the L2 frequency band is used for receiving and transmitting wind profile measuring signals;

the TR component consists of an L1 waveband dual-polarization receiving channel and an L2 waveband horizontal polarization receiving and transmitting channel, wherein the L1 waveband vertical polarization receiving channel is connected with the antenna array through a filter, and the L1 waveband horizontal polarization receiving channel is connected with the antenna array through a duplexer of L1 and L2 wavebands;

the feed network is used for respectively synthesizing E polarization and H polarization of an L1 wave band in the TR component, realizing linear polarization tracking through the polarization tracking module, receiving and synthesizing the L2 wave band to form a receiving channel, and transmitting and synthesizing the L2 wave band to form a transmitting channel;

And a power supply unit for converting an externally input AC voltage into a DC voltage.

2. The multifunctional phased array antenna for satellite broadcast data reception and wind profile measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that the antenna unit is of dual-band design, the antenna is in the form of a microstrip antenna, the satellite reception and wind profile measurement require an operating band of 430MHz for the antenna, and a double-layered patch is used to widen the operating bandwidth;

one antenna array comprises 116 antenna units, and for an L2 frequency band, the antenna carries out Taylor weighting on the radiation power of different antenna units through a feed network to realize low side lobe of transmission.

3. the multifunctional phased array antenna for satellite broadcast data reception and wind profile measurement according to claim 2, characterized in that the L1 band dual polarized reception channel is composed of two L1 band reception channels, each reception channel is composed of a filter, a limiting low noise amplifier, a numerical control attenuator, a numerical control phase shifter and corresponding connectors, control circuits connected in sequence.

4. the multi-functional phased array antenna for satellite broadcast data reception and wind profile measurement as claimed in claim 3, wherein said L2 band horizontally polarized transceiving channel is composed of a receiving channel and a transmitting channel;

The transmitting channel consists of a power amplifier, a driving sound amplifier, a numerical control attenuator, a numerical control phase shifter, a coupler, a corresponding connector and a control circuit which are connected in sequence;

The receiving channel consists of an amplitude limiting low-noise amplifier, a numerical control attenuator, a numerical control phase shifter, a corresponding connector and a control circuit which are connected in sequence.

5. the multifunctional phased array antenna for satellite broadcast data reception and wind profile measurement according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that an anti-interference module is added to the horizontal polarization receiving channel of the L1 wave band, and the horizontal polarization receiving channel after the anti-interference module is added comprises a limiting low noise amplifier, a first-stage filter, a low noise amplifier, a numerical control attenuator, a numerical control phase shifter, a SAW filter, a low noise amplifier and a SAW filter which are connected in sequence, wherein the first-stage filter has an out-of-band rejection of 80dB, the two-stage SAW filter has a rejection of 90dB, and meanwhile, a band-pass filter is connected in series to a guard-pass output port of the antenna, the out-of-band rejection is 60dB, and the total rejection is 230 dB.

6. the multifunctional phased array antenna for satellite broadcast data reception and wind profile measurement according to claim 5, wherein an anti-interference module for transmitting signals is added to the L2 band horizontal polarization transmitting channel, and the L2 band horizontal polarization transmitting channel after the anti-interference module is added comprises a filter, a power amplifier, a numerical control phase shifter, a filter, a power amplifier and a circulator which are connected in sequence.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of antennas, in particular to a multifunctional phased array antenna for satellite broadcast data reception and wind profile measurement.

Background

The high-mobility accompanying weather guarantee is a powerful guarantee for rescue and relief work, special aircraft protection, information combat and the like, and vehicles and ships are mostly adopted as platforms for the equipment, various weather observation systems are integrated, and the weather hydrological information observed on foundations, air foundations and space foundations can be integrated. With the increase of the requirements of meteorological guarantee on detection elements, more and more platforms such as vehicles and ships are installed, the installation positions are crowded, and the electromagnetic environment is more complex.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a multifunctional phased array antenna for satellite broadcasting data receiving and wind profile measuring. The multifunctional phased array antenna is adopted to mainly receive the autonomous meteorological satellite of China and to assist in receiving the foreign meteorological satellite; the signal transmitting power for measuring the wind profile is not lower than 2kW, and the detection requirement of the boundary layer wind profile is met.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

A multi-functional phased array antenna for satellite broadcast data reception and wind profile measurement, comprising:

the antenna array is formed by arranging antenna units according to a matrix, each antenna unit comprises an L1 frequency band and an L2 frequency band, wherein the L1 frequency band is used for receiving satellite signals, and the L2 frequency band is used for receiving and transmitting wind profile measuring signals;

the TR component consists of an L1 waveband dual-polarization receiving channel and an L2 waveband horizontal polarization receiving and transmitting channel, wherein the L1 waveband vertical polarization receiving channel is connected with the antenna array through a filter, and the L1 waveband horizontal polarization receiving channel is connected with the antenna array through a duplexer of L1 and L2 wavebands;

the feed network is used for respectively synthesizing E polarization and H polarization of an L1 wave band in the TR component, realizing linear polarization tracking through the polarization tracking module, receiving and synthesizing the L2 wave band to form a receiving channel, and transmitting and synthesizing the L2 wave band to form a transmitting channel;

And a power supply unit for converting an externally input AC voltage into a DC voltage.

Furthermore, the antenna unit adopts a dual-band design, the antenna is in the form of a microstrip antenna, the satellite receiving and wind profile measurement require the working frequency band of the antenna to be 430MHz, and the working bandwidth is widened by adopting a double-layer patch;

one antenna array comprises 116 antenna units, and for an L2 frequency band, the antenna carries out Taylor weighting on the radiation power of different antenna units through a feed network to realize low side lobe of transmission.

furthermore, the L1 band dual-polarized receiving channel is composed of two L1 band receiving channels, and each receiving channel is composed of a filter, a limiting low-noise amplifier, a numerical control attenuator, a numerical control phase shifter, a corresponding connector and a control circuit, which are connected in sequence.

furthermore, the L2 wave band horizontal polarization transceiving channel consists of a receiving channel and a transmitting channel;

The transmitting channel consists of a power amplifier, a driving sound amplifier, a numerical control attenuator, a numerical control phase shifter, a coupler, a corresponding connector and a control circuit which are connected in sequence;

The receiving channel consists of an amplitude limiting low-noise amplifier, a numerical control attenuator, a numerical control phase shifter, a corresponding connector and a control circuit which are connected in sequence.

furthermore, an anti-interference module is added to a horizontal polarization receiving channel of the L1 wave band, the horizontal polarization receiving channel after the anti-interference module is added comprises an amplitude limiting low noise amplifier, a first-stage filter, a low noise amplifier, a numerical control attenuator, a numerical control phase shifter, a SAW filter, a low noise amplifier and a SAW filter which are sequentially connected, wherein the first-stage filter has an out-of-band rejection of 80dB, the two-stage filter has a rejection of 90dB, meanwhile, a band-pass filter is connected in series with a guard pass output port of the antenna, the out-of-band rejection is 60dB, and the total rejection degree is 230 dB.

furthermore, the L2 wave band horizontal polarization transmitting channel is additionally provided with a transmitting signal anti-interference module, and the L2 wave band horizontal polarization transmitting channel added with the anti-interference module comprises a filter, a power amplifier, a numerical control phase shifter, a filter, a power amplifier and a circulator which are sequentially connected.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) The satellite data receiving adopts a phased array technology, has the advantages of low profile, short satellite alignment time, tracking speed and the like, can stably receive the satellite meteorological data under the conditions of platform direction change, bump, large-range movement and the like, and obviously improves the communication-in-motion capability of receiving the satellite meteorological broadcast data.

(2) The wind profile measuring signal is received and transmitted through the two-dimensional phased array antenna, the wave beam is flexibly directed, the wave beam is corrected in real time to be directed to compensate the attitude of the platform, and the wind profile measuring capability in a motion state is achieved.

(3) The antenna integrates the functions of satellite receiving and wind profile radar receiving and sending, reduces one antenna installation position compared with the existing discrete equipment, and is more suitable for motorized weather guarantee equipment with high integration requirement.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the operating principles of a phased array antenna;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a phased array antenna array layout;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a feed network;

FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of the TR component;

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating interference from transmission to reception;

FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of an interference rejection design;

FIG. 7 is a coordinate system transformation diagram of the attitude compensation algorithm.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.

As shown in FIG. 1, the multifunctional phased array antenna for satellite broadcast data receiving and wind profile measurement comprises an antenna housing, an antenna array, a TR component, a mounting frame, a feed network, a wave control power panel, a combined navigation and other parts, the multifunctional phased array antenna mainly receives meteorological signals broadcast by a meteorological satellite L band (1670-1710MHz, hereinafter referred to as L1 band) and performs down-conversion to provide input signals for a satellite intermediate frequency receiver, transmits high-power pulse signals of an L0 band (1280-1300MHz, hereinafter referred to as L12 band), receives turbulently reflected L22 band echo signals and performs down-conversion to provide input signals for the wind profile radar digital intermediate frequency receiver, the satellite signal receiving and wind profile measurement signal receiving work independently and do not interfere with each other, 2 antenna beams can exist simultaneously, the functions of mainly performing L3 band satellite receiving, L4 band radar signal receiving and transmitting, satellite tracking and the like are mainly applied to a mobile platform such as a ship, the mobile platform receives data from a satellite in real time in a moving state, the multifunctional antenna works independently and the multifunctional antenna array interferes with each other, 2 antenna can exist simultaneously, 2 antenna antennas can perform satellite signal receiving, the functions of satellite signal receiving, the L1 band radar signal receiving, the antenna array comprises two antenna array of L1 antenna array, a satellite signal receiving antenna array, a satellite signal transmitting and a satellite signal receiving antenna array, a satellite signal processing unit, a satellite signal receiving antenna array comprises a satellite signal, a satellite signal receiving antenna array comprises a satellite signal receiving antenna array, a satellite, a.

the feed network comprises a transmitting feed network and a receiving feed network, and is a synthesis channel for receiving and transmitting signals of the components, the principle of the feed network is shown in figure 3, the feed network is used for respectively synthesizing E polarization and H polarization of an L1 wave band in a TR component, realizing linear polarization tracking through a polarization tracking module, receiving and synthesizing the L2 wave band to form a receiving channel, and transmitting and synthesizing the L2 wave band to form a transmitting channel.

the TR module is composed of an L1 band dual polarization receiving channel and an L2 band horizontal polarization transceiving channel, the L1 band vertical polarization receiving channel is connected to the antenna array through a filter, the L1 band horizontal polarization receiving channel is connected to the antenna array through a L1 and L2 band duplexer, and a system diagram thereof can be referred to as fig. 4.

the L1 wave band dual-polarization receiving channel comprises two L1 wave band receiving channels, each receiving channel comprises an amplitude limiting low-noise amplifier, a numerical control attenuator, a numerical control phase shifter, a corresponding connector, a control circuit and the like, the amplitude limiting low-noise amplifier and the low-noise amplifier finish a receiving signal amplification function, the amplitude limiting low-noise amplifier plays an amplitude limiting protection role on the channels, a filter finishes a filtering function on signal frequencies except for a receiving signal and prevents the low-noise amplifier from being saturated, the numerical control attenuator finishes an amplitude control function on the receiving signal, and the numerical control phase shifter finishes a phase control function on the receiving signal.

the L2 wave band horizontal polarization transceiving channel comprises a receiving channel and a transmitting channel, wherein the transmitting channel comprises a power amplifier, a driving sound amplifier, a numerical control attenuator, a numerical control phase shifter, a coupler, a corresponding connector, a control circuit and the like, the power amplifier and the driving sound amplifier finish the amplification function of a transmitting signal, the numerical control attenuator finishes the amplitude control function of the receiving signal of the channel, the numerical control phase shifter finishes the phase control function of the receiving signal of the channel, the coupler finishes the energy output feedback function of a coupling part of the transmitting signal output by the power amplifier, the receiving channel comprises a limiting low noise amplifier, a numerical control attenuator, a numerical control phase shifter, a corresponding connector, a control circuit and the like, the limiting low noise amplifier and the low noise amplifier finish the amplification function of the receiving signal, wherein the limiting low noise amplifier plays a limiting protection role on the channel, the filter finishes the filtering function of signal frequencies except the receiving signal and prevents the low noise amplifier from being saturated, and the numerical control attenuator finishes the amplitude control function on the receiving signal of the channel.

And a power supply unit for converting an externally input AC voltage into a DC voltage. The power supply unit has the main functions of power supply conversion, converting AC voltage input from outside into DC voltage, performing secondary conversion, outputting overvoltage and overcurrent protection, simultaneously having temperature protection function and automatically shutting down at high temperature. The AC-DC power supply module realizes conversion of external input alternating current into a direct current 28V power supply required by the interior of the equipment; the DC-DC power conversion board realizes the conversion of 28V DC power into 5V voltage and voltage required by wave control and components. In order to meet the requirement of pulse peak power supply, an energy storage circuit is designed at the front stage of channel power supply.

As a further improvement of this embodiment, because the carrier has strong mobility, the motion trajectory has strong uncertainty under the influence of traffic conditions, resulting in the antenna generating deviation in the azimuth and pitch directions, and the main sources of the deviation are: the angular motion deviation of the carrier and the linear motion deviation of the carrier. The main purpose of satellite tracking is to enable the antenna to be aimed at the satellite in real time during carrier movement. There are five general ways of satellite tracking: an extreme value tracking mode, a single pulse tracking mode, a cone scanning tracking mode, a satellite navigation and inertial navigation use program guide tracking mode and a composite tracking mode.

TABLE 1 tracking mode COMPARATIVE TABLE

Tracking mode	Advantages of the invention	Disadvantages of
			Extremum tracking	Moderate tracking accuracy	Slow tracking speed
Monopulse tracking	High tracking precision and high speed	Complex system and high cost
			Cone scan tracking	The tracking precision is medium and the cost is low	Slow tracking speed
Satellite navigation and inertial navigation tracking	High tracking precision	Is seriously influenced by environment and has high cost
			Composite tracking	High tracking precision and high speed	Complex system and high cost

Combining multiple tracking modes such as maximum and cone scanning, combining a phased array antenna system, and adopting an improved composite tracking method: the method adopts a combined Navigation system, and consists of an inertial measurement unit, a GNSS (Global Navigation satellite System) receiving board card, double Beidou antennas, a beacon machine and the like, wherein the inertial measurement unit adopts an MEMS sensor and is realized through multi-sensor fusion and a Navigation resolving algorithm. The system can utilize the satellite positioning information received by the GNSS receiver to carry out combined navigation and output information of carrier such as pitching, rolling, course, position, speed, time and the like. And after the signal is lost, the position speed attitude of inertial resolution is output, and a certain navigation precision maintaining function is realized in a short time.

The combined navigation system takes the satellite navigation information as a reference to carry out combined navigation, corrects the navigation error of inertial navigation, and partially makes up the defect of poor accuracy of low-cost inertial navigation as an auxiliary means for improving the measurement accuracy of the attitude of inertial navigation. The combined navigation technology has the following three advantages:

(1) Generally, the output frequency of the inertia device can reach 50Hz or higher, once the Beidou attitude determination system is successfully initialized, the output of the inertia device can be used as interpolation after the inertia device is initialized in a transmission mode, and therefore the data updating rate of the whole system is improved. Even if the Beidou attitude determination system sensitive axis and the inertial device sensitive axis have misalignment angles, large errors cannot be caused, the misalignment angles can be limited within a small angle range through a calibration means during installation, and the misalignment angles cannot cause large errors in attitude calculation in a short time;

(2) Even if the inertial device is not initialized, the relative attitude variation between the front position and the rear position can be measured with higher precision, and the correctness of the Beidou attitude determination result can be verified by combining the information and the results of the two times of attitude measurement of the Beidou attitude determination system, so that the success rate of the Beidou attitude determination system in the initialization stage is improved;

(3) Because the success rate of Beidou attitude determination depends on the quality of Beidou signals, the large fluctuation of attitude determination results is easily caused in an environment with too large interference, the short-term stability of data is not good, and furthermore, attitude determination failure can be caused. The fluctuation of the Beidou attitude determination result in a short time can be smoothed through the high-frequency attitude information provided by the inertial device, and the short-term stability of the system is improved; in addition, ambiguity solving can be assisted when Beidou attitude determination fails through attitude angle information, and the reinitialization speed of the system is improved.

as shown in fig. 6, as a preferred embodiment, an anti-interference module is added to the L1 band horizontal polarization receiving channel, and the horizontal polarization receiving channel after the anti-interference module is added includes an amplitude limiting low noise amplifier, a first stage filter, a low noise amplifier, a numerical control attenuator, a numerical control phase shifter, a SAW filter, a low noise amplifier, and a SAW filter, which are connected in sequence, where the first stage filter has an out-of-band rejection of 80dB, the two stages of SAW filters have a rejection of 90dB, and meanwhile, a band pass filter is connected in series to a guard pass output port of an antenna, the out-of-band rejection is 60dB, and the total rejection degree is 230dB, the L2 band horizontal polarization transmitting channel after the anti-interference module is added, and the L2 band horizontal polarization transmitting channel after the anti-interference module is added includes a filter, a power amplifier, a numerical control phase shifter, a filter, a power.

the antenna receives and transmits in parallel on two frequency bands L1 and L2, wherein the wind profile radar transmitting signals are horizontally polarized and interfere with a satellite receiving horizontally polarized channel, when the antenna works (particularly during the pulse transmitting period of the wind profile radar), the analog device is likely to generate clutter, crosstalk, intermodulation and other reactions under the high-frequency radiation of the opposite side, the channel signal effects of each other are influenced, the electromagnetic influence of a plurality of frequency bands is required to be fully isolated, and the precautionary measures such as shielding, isolating and grounding are taken.

the method comprises the steps that a cavity filter of the first stage has out-of-band rejection of 80dB in a satellite communication link, two stages of SAW filters behind L NA can have 90dB rejection, a bandpass filter is connected in series with a satellite output port of an antenna, the out-of-band rejection is 60dB, the total rejection degree is 230dB, the signal power of the radar after rejection is 47dBm-230 dB-183 dBm, and the interference power at the satellite output port is lower than low noise (-174dBm), so that the satellite communication cannot be interfered.

And (3) resistance design analysis: the noise (out-of-band interference) of the wind profile radar transmitting channel belongs to in-band noise for the satellite receiving channel, and can be suppressed through the transmitting channel. A receiving-blocking filter is added in a transmitting channel, and the 80dB inhibition is realized by adding two stages of dielectric filters in the front stage; the cavity filter at the end of the power amplifier has out-of-band rejection of 80dB, and the total rejection degree for the received signal is 160 dB. The gain of the radar transmitting channel is 40dB, and the receiving and damping system is 120 dB. The noise input power of the transmitting channel is-60 dBm, the out-of-band noise power is-180 dBm which is lower than the low noise (-174dBm) of the satellite-based radio signal, and the in-band interference to the satellite-based radio signal cannot be caused.

As a preferred embodiment, the present invention further provides a platform attitude compensation method based on a phased array antenna, where the platform attitude compensation technique is to change the moving attitude of the platform in real time and disorderly due to the influence of various factors during the actual movement of the ship, so that the influence of the disorderly attitude change on the alignment of the antenna beam with the satellite needs to be eliminated in real time through the switching of the antenna beam during the satellite tracking process. The phased array antenna has the characteristics of rapid beam switching, no influence of external environmental factors and the like, and is particularly suitable for compensating the influence of the attitude change of the ship body on satellite tracking by adopting a program calculation mode.

The known parameters are: the position of the satellite in the geocentric geostationary coordinate system: longitude, latitude, altitude; and (3) moving the position of the carrier under the geocentric geostationary coordinate system: longitude, latitude, altitude; attitude angle of moving carrier: yaw angle, pitch angle, roll angle; the beam pointing coordinate system of the communication-in-motion antenna is as follows: a polar coordinate system; the mounting mode of the communication-in-motion antenna on the mobile carrier.

And calculating the beam pointing direction of the communication-in-motion antenna aiming at the satellite under the condition that the parameters are known. And obtaining the corresponding angle of the target point under the antenna coordinate system by coordinate rotation, coordinate translation and mutual transformation of the rectangular coordinate and the spherical coordinate. The calculation flow is shown in fig. 7, and the supplementary flow comprises the following steps:

(1) the method comprises the steps of knowing the longitude L Q, the latitude BQ and the height HQ of a satellite in a longitude and latitude high coordinate system, calculating the position of the satellite in a ground-fixed rectangular coordinate system by the aid of ball seat transformation of the longitude L P, the latitude BP and the height HP. of an antenna in the longitude and latitude high coordinate system, wherein the origin of the ground-fixed coordinate system is a geocentric QE, an XE axis is a prime meridian, a YE axis is a 90-degree warp coil, a ZE axis points to the north pole, and similarly, calculating the position of the antenna in the ground-fixed rectangular coordinate system by the aid of ball seat transformation.

(2) and establishing a local coordinate system according to the position of the antenna under the earth-fixed rectangular coordinate system, wherein the origin is the center of the carrier Q L, the X L axis points to the zenith, the Y L axis points to the true east, and the Z L axis points to the true north.

(3) and acquiring attitude angles of the carrier, namely a yaw angle α, a pitch angle β and a roll angle gamma, through integrated navigation, and calculating the position of the satellite in the carrier coordinate system through coordinate transformation according to the position of the satellite in a ground-fixed coordinate system.

(4) an antenna coordinate system is established, the origin is an antenna center QA, an XA axis is an antenna array surface X direction, a YA axis is an antenna array surface Y direction, and an ZA axis is an antenna array surface normal direction.

(5) and according to the position of the satellite in the antenna coordinate system, converting the position into a spherical coordinate system through a rectangular coordinate system, and calculating the azimuth angle Q α and the pitch angle Q β of the satellite.

(6) based on Q α and Q β, the antenna adjusts the beam pointing direction to align with the satellite.

The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.