阅读说明：本技术 一种热带区域海水倒灌农地的生态修复方法 (Ecological restoration method for hot zone area seawater backflow farmland ) 是由 王旭 林青萍 苏德发 于 2020-04-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种热带区域海水倒灌农地的生态修复方法,包括以下步骤：在海水倒灌盐碱地进行土壤起垄,采用全膜双垄沟模型,起垄的垄体为梯形结构,所述垄体垂直于海岸线方向；在垄上种植耐盐植物,垄沟中种植老鼠簕。通过自然降水、灌溉将垄上盐分淋洗到垄沟中,垄沟中种植的老鼠簕利用的盐腺,将多余的盐分排出体外,收割耐盐作物和老鼠簕,有效地移除盐分,达到垄上垄下双重作用减少土壤中的盐分的效果,同时,老鼠簕和耐盐植物多种植物生长代谢活动、根系的穿插作用以及物枯枝落叶及死根茬的腐殖作用,改善了土壤的理化性质。综合去盐效率高,增加土壤肥力,降低土壤酸碱度的效率高,能更好、更快地进行土壤修复,在经济和生态上也有更高的效益。(The invention provides an ecological restoration method for a tropical zone seawater backflow farmland, which comprises the following steps: carrying out soil ridging on the saline-alkali soil with reverse seawater irrigation, wherein a full-film double-furrow model is adopted, and a ridging ridge body is of a trapezoidal structure and is vertical to the coastline direction; salt-tolerant plants are planted on the ridges, and acanthus ilicifolius is planted in the furrow. Salt on the ridges is leached into the furrows through natural rainfall and irrigation, salt glands utilized by Acanthus ilicifolius planted in the furrows discharge redundant salt outside the bodies, salt-tolerant crops and Acanthus ilicifolius are harvested, the salt is effectively removed, the effect of reducing the salt in the soil under the double action of the Acanthus ilicifolius and the salt-tolerant plants on the ridges is achieved, meanwhile, the metabolism activity of the growth of various plants of the Acanthus ilicifolius and the salt-tolerant plants, the interpenetration of root systems, the humus action of withered branches, fallen leaves and dead root stubbles are achieved, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil are improved. The comprehensive desalting efficiency is high, the soil fertility is increased, the soil pH value is reduced, the soil can be better and faster repaired, and the economic and ecological benefits are also higher.)

1. An ecological restoration method for a tropical zone seawater backflow farmland is characterized by comprising the following steps: carrying out soil ridging on the saline-alkali soil with reverse seawater irrigation, wherein a full-film double-furrow model is adopted, and a ridging ridge body is of a trapezoidal structure and is vertical to the coastline direction; salt-tolerant plants are planted on the ridges, and acanthus ilicifolius is planted in the furrow.

2. The ecological restoration method for the hot zone area seawater backflow farmland as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that before planting, 4-6 kg/mu of fertilizer is applied on the ridges, and the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of cow dung, 30-50 parts of coconut chaff, 10-20 parts of seaweed residues, 20-30 parts of corn cob cores, 15-25 parts of banana stalks, 1-5 parts of derris roots and 2-4 parts of bacillus subtilis powder.

3. The ecological restoration method for the hot-zone area seawater backflow farmland as claimed in claim 1, wherein the salt-tolerant crops comprise corn, Bingcai, New Zealand spinach and endive.

4. The ecological restoration method for the hot-zone area seawater flowing backward agricultural land as claimed in claim 3, wherein the corn is planted on the large ridge, and one of the iceberg, the New Zealand spinach and the endive is planted on the small ridge.

5. The ecological restoration method for the farmland irrigated with seawater in the tropical region as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the width of the large ridge is 65-75cm, the height of the ridge is 13-16cm, the width of the small ridge is 35-45cm, the height of the ridge is 18-22cm, and the width of the bottom of the ridge and the furrow is 8-10 cm.

6. The ecological restoration method for the hot-zone area seawater backflow farmland according to claim 2, characterized in that the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of cow dung, 38 parts of coconut chaff, 12 parts of seaweed residues, 25 parts of corn cob cores, 20 parts of banana stalks, 3 parts of derris roots and 2 parts of bacillus subtilis powder.

7. The ecological restoration method for the farmland irrigated with seawater in the tropical region as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the width of the big ridge is 70cm, the height of the ridge is 15cm, the width of the small ridge is 40cm, the height of the ridge is 20cm, and the width of the bottom of the furrow is 10 cm.

8. The ecological restoration method for the hot-zone area seawater backflow farmland as claimed in claim 2 or 6, characterized in that the preparation method of the fertilizer comprises the following steps: crushing banana stalks, corn cob cores and derris roots, placing the crushed banana stalks, corn cob cores and derris roots under the condition of 2.3MPa for steam explosion for 10-12min to obtain steam explosion materials, adding cow dung, coconut husk and seaweed residues into the steam explosion materials, uniformly mixing, adding bacillus subtilis powder, stirring and mixing, spraying water to wet the materials, and fermenting for 2-4 days to obtain the target fertilizer.

9. The ecological restoration method for the hot-zone area seawater backflow farmland according to any one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the average salt content of the hot-zone area seawater backflow farmland before restoration is 2 to 3 percent.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration of saline-alkali soil, in particular to an ecological restoration method for hot zone area seawater reverse flow farmland.

Background

The land salinization is developed rapidly in China since the 20 th century, the salinization of cultivated land in China is becoming serious day by day, and the salinization of the land is a great reason for the degradation of agricultural ecological environment. The Hainan island belongs to tropical monsoon climate, farmland distribution with a large area is arranged along a coastline, the influence of monsoon in northeast and southwest is caused, tropical storms and typhoons are frequent, and the phenomenon that seawater flows backward to cultivated land sometimes occurs; particularly, when the influence of strong typhoon is caused, the phenomenon of reverse flow of seawater is obvious, the area of the damaged farmland is large, the soil cultivation recovery period is long, the too high soil salinity seriously damages the growth of crops, and the southern coastal area has the defects of serious hardening of saline soil, poor structure and low fertility due to the centralized distribution of population, small land cultivation area, and greatly limits the effective utilization of land resources in the area.

The existing saline-alkali soil restoration technology mainly focuses on restoring agricultural production on saline-alkali soil, has slow desalination efficiency, and generally improves the saline-alkali soil by adding soil conditioners in the soil, planting salt-tolerant crops and the like. These methods work to some extent, but all have significant disadvantages: the soil conditioner has high cost and limited improvement effect, so that the salt is solidified, the total amount of salt ions is not reduced, the fundamental problem cannot be solved, secondary pollution is likely to be caused, and new insecurity factors are brought to the soil; salt-tolerant plants have certain requirements on the salinity range, and for soil with higher salinity, the salinity exceeds the optimal growth range of salt-tolerant crops, the crops grow badly, the utilization degree is limited, and the removal effect of the salinity is slower. Moreover, the possibility of storm surge is high due to climate change, so that the influence of backward flow can not be prevented for a long time. Therefore, an ecological restoration method is urgently needed, which can avoid using the traditional soil conditioner and can effectively restore the farmland which is flooded by the seawater in the tropical zone.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides an ecological restoration method for a hot zone area seawater backflow farmland, which can effectively restore the hot zone area seawater backflow farmland under the condition that a traditional soil conditioner is not used.

The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: an ecological restoration method for a tropical zone seawater backflow farmland comprises the following steps: carrying out soil ridging on the saline-alkali soil with reverse seawater irrigation, wherein a full-film double-furrow model is adopted, and a ridging ridge body is of a trapezoidal structure and is vertical to the coastline direction; salt-tolerant plants are planted on the ridges, and acanthus ilicifolius is planted in the furrow. According to the invention, a full-film double-furrow model is adopted, the ridge body is arranged to be vertical to the direction of a coastline, the corn, the gleditsia sinensis, the senna and the endive are planted on the ridge, and the Acanthus ilicifolius is planted in the furrow, so that the physical property of the farmland soil where seawater in the tropical area flows backwards can be effectively improved, the porosity and organic matter of the soil are improved, the salt content is reduced, and the method has a remarkable repairing effect on the farmland where seawater in the tropical area flows backwards.

Further, before planting, applying 4-6 kg/mu of fertilizer to ridges, wherein the fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of cow dung, 30-50 parts of coconut chaff, 10-20 parts of seaweed residues, 20-30 parts of corn cob cores, 15-25 parts of banana stalks, 1-5 parts of derris roots and 2-4 parts of bacillus subtilis powder. Preferably, the fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of cow dung, 38 parts of coconut chaff, 12 parts of seaweed residues, 25 parts of corn cob cores, 20 parts of banana stalks, 3 parts of derris roots and 2 parts of bacillus subtilis powder.

Further, the preparation method of the fertilizer comprises the following steps: crushing banana stalks, corn cob cores and derris roots, placing the crushed banana stalks, corn cob cores and derris roots under the condition of 2.3MPa for steam explosion for 10-12min to obtain steam explosion materials, adding cow dung, coconut husk and seaweed residues into the steam explosion materials, uniformly mixing, adding bacillus subtilis powder, stirring and mixing, spraying water to wet the materials, and fermenting for 2-4 days to obtain the target fertilizer.

Furthermore, the salt-tolerant crops comprise corns, iced vegetables, New Zealand spinach and endive. Preferably, the corn is planted on the large ridge, and one of the iceberg, the New Zealand spinach and the endive is planted on the small ridge.

Furthermore, the width of a big ridge is 65-75cm, the height of the ridge is 13-16cm, the width of a small ridge is 35-45cm, the height of the ridge is 18-22cm, and the width of the bottom of a furrow is 8-10 cm. Preferably, the width of the big ridge is 70cm, the height of the ridge is 15cm, the width of the small ridge is 40cm, the height of the ridge is 20cm, and the width of the bottom of the furrow is 10 cm.

Further, the average salt content of the tropical zone seawater before flowing backward to the farmland for restoration is 2-3%.

The salt-tolerant crops selected by the invention are as follows:

(1) iced vegetables, school name: the Eisenia Binata (Latin's name: Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Linn.) is an annual or biennial herb of the family Aizoaceae, genus Helichrysum. The iced vegetable has certain ornamental value, is a vegetable with high nutritive value and has higher economic value.

(2) Corn (Latin scientific name: Zea mays L.) is an annual herbaceous plant of the Gramineae family. It is an important grain crop. Compared with traditional grain crops such as rice, wheat and the like, the corn has strong drought tolerance, cold tolerance, barren tolerance and excellent environmental adaptability. The corn has higher nutritive value and is an excellent grain crop.

(3) New Zealand spinach, another name: french spinach, New Zealand spinach (Latin scientific name: Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Kuntze), an annual fleshy herbaceous plant of the family Aicaceae. Can be used as vegetable, and is rich in iron, calcium, vitamin A and various vitamins B; the whole plant medicine can be used for clearing away heat and toxic materials, dispelling wind and eliminating swelling, and treating enteritis, septicemia, furuncle, red swelling, wind-heat and conjunctival congestion and the like, and has high medicinal value.

(4) Endive, also known as sow thistle (scientific name: Sonchus arvensis L.), is a perennial herb of the genus Sonchus, belonging to the family Compositae. The endive is a vegetable, can be eaten, and is deeply favored by people due to unique flavor. Meanwhile, the endive has higher medicinal value, and the whole plant can be used as a medicine. Bitter and cold in nature. Has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic material, promoting pus discharge, cooling blood and stopping bleeding 28348below zero. Has antibacterial, blood pressure lowering, cholesterol reducing, antitumor, and liver protecting effects.

(5) Acanthus ilicifolius (Acanthus ilicifolius L.): also called as rat, is a jazz family, belongs to erect shrub and is one of the important medicinal plants in mangrove. Acanthus ilicifolius has high medicinal value, and can be widely used for treating acute and chronic hepatitis, rheumatism, snake bite, etc., and has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Recorded in Chinese medicine dictionary, the Chinese medicine has light taste, can be used as a medicine, and has the effects of cooling blood, clearing heat, dispersing phlegm accumulation, detoxifying and relieving pain; the Acanthus ilicifolius has the functions of preventing wind, eliminating waves, promoting silt, protecting beach and fixing bank besides providing habitat and food resources for birds; in addition, the acanthus ilicifolius has peculiar shape and elegant color, can be used as coastal landscape plants, and has great economic effect.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

on the basis of keeping the production of special crops, the ridging multi-plant composite planting mode of salt-tolerant crops and Acanthus ilicifolius with good resistance and high economy is fully utilized, salt on the ridges is washed into the furrows through natural precipitation and irrigation, salt glands used by the Acanthus ilicifolius planted in the furrows discharge redundant salt outside the bodies, the salt-tolerant crops and the Acanthus ilicifolius are harvested, the salt is effectively removed, the effect of reducing the salt in the soil under the double action of the salt on the ridges is achieved, meanwhile, the growth metabolic activity of the multi-plant of the Acanthus ilicifolius and the salt-tolerant plants, the interpenetration of root systems and the humus action of withered branches, fallen leaves and dead roots of the acanthus ilicifolius are achieved, and the physicochemical properties of the soil. The selected plants have higher ecological, medicinal and economic values, and compared with the traditional restoration method, the method has the advantages of high desalting efficiency, soil fertility increase, soil pH value reduction efficiency, better and faster soil restoration, and higher economic and ecological benefits in long-term consideration.

(1) The invention adopts the salt-tolerant plants of the iceberg, the corn, the New Zealand spinach and the endive, can normally grow in the saline land, and has high economic benefit; the salt-secreting mangrove acanthus ilicifolius is combined, has strong salt-secreting effect, can reduce the salt content in soil, and the salt-secreting amount is increased along with the increase of the salinity of the environment. Through the interpenetration of various plants of Acanthus ilicifolius and salt-tolerant plants through growth and metabolism activities and root systems, the physical properties of soil volume weight, total voidage, permeability, total aggregates and the like are improved. The humus action of the dead branches, leaves and dead roots of the plants increases the organic matters of the soil, promotes the growth and the propagation of soil microorganisms, improves the nutrient status and the chemical properties of the soil, improves the soil fertility and reduces the soil salinity and alkalinity.

(2) According to the method, a full-film double-furrow model is adopted to form a ridging multiple-plant composite planting mode for planting salt-tolerant plants on the ridges, and Acanthus ilicifolius is planted in the furrows, and salt in soil on the ridges is leached into the furrows by utilizing the leaching effect through natural precipitation and irrigation, so that rapid soil desalination is facilitated; the acanthus ilicifolius in the furrow discharges redundant salt out of the body through strong salt secretion, thereby achieving the dual function of reducing the salt in the soil.

(3) The ridge body is perpendicular to the coastline direction, so that excessive rainwater can be discharged in heavy rainy days, organic matters in soil can be better protected, and the discharge of salt in the soil can be promoted.

(4) According to the invention, the fertilizer is prepared by fermenting cow dung, coconut chaff, seaweed residues, corn cob cores, banana stalks, derris roots and bacillus subtilis powder in a scientific proportion, the effect of restoring hot zone area seawater backflow farmland is obviously improved, and the porosity, organic matters and salt content of soil to be restored are obviously improved. The special fertilizer not only promotes the growth of salt-tolerant plants and acanthus ilicifolius, but also is beneficial to improving the soil property.

Detailed Description

In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.

The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.