阅读说明：本技术 一种实验室内养殖克氏原螯虾的方法 (Method for breeding procambarus clarkii in laboratory ) 是由 宋世龙 杨凤萍 闫戈 李世平 陈国奇 李全鑫 于 2020-06-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种实验室内养殖克氏原螯虾的方法,属于水产养殖技术领域,通过养殖箱的选择、养殖箱的消毒、水质的控制、隐藏设施的制备、水生植物的放置、小龙虾的选择、小龙虾的养殖和日常维护多个方面进行综合养殖,养殖方法科学,投入成本低,经过模拟小龙虾自然生境,降低了小龙虾蜕壳期间的自相残杀率,提高了养殖成活率,满足了实验要求。(A method for breeding procambarus clarkii in a laboratory belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and is characterized in that comprehensive breeding is carried out in multiple aspects of selection of a breeding box, disinfection of the breeding box, control of water quality, preparation of hidden facilities, placement of aquatic plants, selection of crayfish, breeding of crayfish and daily maintenance.)

1. A method for culturing procambarus clarkii in a laboratory is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting a breeding box: selecting a breeding box with the specification of 77cm multiplied by 44cm, wherein the water level in the breeding box is 30cm, and filter screens are arranged at a water inlet and a water outlet of the breeding box;

(2) sterilizing the cultivation box: before putting crayfish, sterilizing the breeding box by potassium permanganate with the use amount of 2-5% for one hour, and then repeatedly cleaning and soaking by tap water to ensure that no residue exists;

(3) controlling the water quality: the water for cultivation is tap water, the tap water is used in a water storage barrel after being fully aerated for more than 48 hours, a temperature control system controls the water temperature, and an aerator continuously aerates oxygen;

(4) preparation of hidden facilities: placing a plurality of bricks in a breeding box side by side, wherein the distance between every two bricks is 5cm, the bricks are used as a crayfish hiding place, square ceramic tiles are placed on the bricks and are used as a crayfish eating and resting place, meanwhile, a plurality of PVC pipes are placed in the breeding box and are bound to form a honeycomb shape, the bricks are used as the crayfish hiding place, and the PVC pipes with different diameters are selected according to the size of the crayfish;

(5) placing aquatic plants: placing aquatic plants on the water surface of the breeding box for feeding or resting of the crayfishes, changing the aquatic plants one batch every 7 days, washing the aquatic plants before placing the aquatic plants, and soaking the aquatic plants in 3-5% saline water for 30 seconds for disinfection;

(6) selecting the crayfish: selecting crayfishes with different sizes, normal body color and complete appendages according to experimental requirements, and soaking the crayfishes in 3-5% saline water for 30 seconds for disinfection before putting the crayfishes;

(7) and (3) breeding of crayfishes: feeding special feed for the crayfishes into the breeding box, wherein the feed is fed in the daytime and fed at night, the time period of feeding in the daytime is 6: 00-7: 00, the time period of feeding at night is 18: 00-19: 00, the feed is fed on the ceramic tiles at fixed points, and the oxygen is increased by an oxygen increasing machine every day;

(8) daily maintenance: the shelling condition is observed in the morning every day, food residues and other impurities in water are sucked away, water is changed once in 3 days in summer, water is changed in 1/3-1/2 every time, and water is changed once in 7 days in winter, and water is changed in 1/3-1/2 every time.

2. The method of claim 1 for laboratory culture of procambarus clarkii, wherein: and (4) keeping the pH value of the aquaculture water in the step (3) between 6.5 and 7.5, keeping the water temperature between 20 and 26 ℃, and keeping the dissolved oxygen between 7.5 and 7.8 mg/L.

3. The method of claim 1 for laboratory culture of procambarus clarkii, wherein: and (4) selecting the PVC pipe with the diameter of 2-7 cm in the step (4).

4. The method of claim 1 for laboratory culture of procambarus clarkii, wherein: the aquatic plant in the step (5) is one or more of alternanthera philoxeroides, sowthistle tasselflower herb and water hyacinth.

5. The method of claim 1 for laboratory culture of procambarus clarkii, wherein: in the step (7), the feeding amount at night accounts for 75-85% of the feeding amount in the day, and the feeding amount per day is 3-5% of the weight of the crayfishes in the pond.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, relates to a crayfish culture method, and particularly relates to a method for culturing procambarus clarkii in a laboratory.

Background

Procambarus clarkii, also known as crayfish, is classified as a decapod family of the arthropoda class Crustacea, and is shrimp-like in shape with a hard shell. The length of the product is about 5.6-11.9cm, the product is dark red, and the crust part is nearly black. The meat is delicious and rich in nutrition, and is deeply loved by people. The procambarus clarkii is one of important export water products in China, plays a very important role in the inland fishery economic industry in China, and has become the largest crayfish producing country and consuming country in the world. According to the data report of the Ministry of agriculture in China, the annual total yield of the procambarus clarkia in 2017 reaches 112 million tons, and the economic total value of the crayfish in China is about 2685 million yuan. The market demand for crayfish has grown particularly rapidly over the past decade, providing great potential for the development of the crayfish aquaculture industry.

In recent years, research on procambarus clarkia is a hot problem in laboratory research, and research directions such as feed addition, breeding methods, safety research and the like of procambarus clarkia are hot topics of research. However, the laboratory research of the procambarus clarkii has a great problem, namely the survival problem of the procambarus clarkii. No measures are taken in the normal breeding in the laboratory, about 50% of individuals die within three days, and all individuals die within seven days. Meanwhile, the crayfishes have serious self-phase damage. This not only causes huge waste, but also brings difficulty to the development of experiments. Most experiments aiming at crayfish require that the crayfish can survive for more than seven days under experimental conditions, so how to enable the crayfish to survive for a long time under the condition of a laboratory becomes the first problem to be solved urgently in the experiments.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems of serious self-phase damage phenomenon, high shelling death rate, low long-term culture survival rate and the like of the crayfish cultured in the existing laboratory, and provides a method for culturing the procambarus clarkii in the laboratory.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for culturing procambarus clarkii in a laboratory is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting a breeding box: selecting a breeding box with the specification of 77cm multiplied by 44cm, wherein the water level in the breeding box is 30cm, and filter screens are arranged at a water inlet and a water outlet of the breeding box;

(2) sterilizing the cultivation box: before putting crayfish, sterilizing the breeding box by potassium permanganate with the use amount of 2-5% for one hour, and then repeatedly cleaning and soaking by tap water to ensure that no residue exists;

(3) controlling the water quality: the water for cultivation is tap water, the tap water is used in a water storage barrel after being fully aerated for more than 48 hours, a temperature control system controls the water temperature, and an aerator continuously aerates oxygen;

(4) preparation of hidden facilities: placing a plurality of bricks in a breeding box side by side, wherein the distance between every two bricks is 5cm, the bricks are used as a crayfish hiding place, square ceramic tiles are placed on the bricks and are used as a crayfish eating and resting place, meanwhile, a plurality of PVC pipes are placed in the breeding box and are bound to form a honeycomb shape, the bricks are used as the crayfish hiding place, and the PVC pipes with different diameters are selected according to the size of the crayfish;

(5) placing aquatic plants: placing aquatic plants on the water surface of the breeding box for feeding or resting of the crayfishes, changing the aquatic plants one batch every 7 days, washing the aquatic plants before placing the aquatic plants, and soaking the aquatic plants in 3-5% saline water for 30 seconds for disinfection;

(6) selecting the crayfish: selecting crayfishes with different sizes, normal body color and complete appendages according to experimental requirements, and soaking the crayfishes in 3-5% saline water for 30 seconds for disinfection before putting the crayfishes;

(7) and (3) breeding of crayfishes: feeding special feed for the crayfishes into the breeding box, wherein the feed is fed in the daytime and fed at night, the time period of feeding in the daytime is 6: 00-7: 00, the time period of feeding at night is 18: 00-19: 00, the feed is fed on the ceramic tiles at fixed points, and the oxygen is increased by an oxygen increasing machine every day;

(8) daily maintenance: the shelling condition is observed in the morning every day, food residues and other impurities in water are sucked away, water is changed once in 3 days in summer, water is changed in 1/3-1/2 every time, and water is changed once in 7 days in winter, and water is changed in 1/3-1/2 every time.

And (4) keeping the pH value of the aquaculture water in the step (3) between 6.5 and 7.5, keeping the water temperature between 20 and 26 ℃, and keeping the dissolved oxygen between 7.5 and 7.8 mg/L.

And (4) selecting the PVC pipe with the diameter of 2-7 cm in the step (4).

The aquatic plant in the step (5) is one or more of alternanthera philoxeroides, sowthistle tasselflower herb and water hyacinth.

In the step (7), the feeding amount at night accounts for 75-85% of the feeding amount in the day, and the feeding amount per day is 3-5% of the weight of the crayfishes in the pond.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for breeding the procambarus clarkii in the laboratory is characterized in that the procambarus clarkii is comprehensively bred in multiple aspects of selection of the breeding box, disinfection of the breeding box, control of water quality, preparation of hidden facilities, placement of aquatic plants, selection of the crayfish, breeding of the crayfish and daily maintenance, the breeding method is scientific, the investment cost is low, the self-phase killing rate of the crayfish during shelling is reduced by simulating the natural habitat of the crayfish, the breeding survival rate is improved, and the experimental requirements are met.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.