阅读说明：本技术 一种温室甲鱼养殖方法 (Greenhouse soft-shelled turtle breeding method ) 是由 郑尧 于 2020-05-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种温室甲鱼养殖方法,通过科学建设养殖温室池,使得甲鱼养殖于相对封闭的密闭环境中,且为每个养殖温室池设置控温和增氧设施,以保证甲鱼的生存环境富氧且温度恒定,通过使用前后的及时消毒保证每一批次甲鱼的养殖质量,提高甲鱼成活率,提高甲鱼个体的营养价值；通过种蛋和种苗的混合选苗方式以便于针对不同批次的甲鱼育苗的养殖前期进行温度、氧气、和耐药性的检测,同时通过种苗和种蛋的科学选取保证甲鱼苗的健康从而保证成活率,再加上合理的饲料投喂方式保证甲鱼的健康成长及个体质量优良；通过有效控制甲鱼养殖水体的环境调节,从而为甲鱼提供最适用的生存环境。(The invention relates to a greenhouse turtle breeding method, which is characterized in that breeding greenhouse pools are scientifically built, turtles are bred in a relatively closed environment, a temperature control and oxygenation facility is arranged for each breeding greenhouse pool, so that the living environment of the turtles is rich in oxygen and the temperature is constant, the breeding quality of each batch of turtles is guaranteed through timely disinfection before and after use, the survival rate of the turtles is improved, and the nutritional value of individual turtles is improved; the method has the advantages that the temperature, oxygen and drug resistance detection is conveniently carried out in the early stage of breeding of soft-shelled turtles of different batches by the mixed breeding mode of hatching eggs and seedlings, meanwhile, the health of soft-shelled turtle seedlings is guaranteed through scientific selection of seedlings and hatching eggs, so that the survival rate is guaranteed, and the healthy growth and excellent individual quality of the soft-shelled turtles are guaranteed through a reasonable feed feeding mode; the most suitable living environment is provided for the soft-shelled turtles by effectively controlling the environmental regulation of the soft-shelled turtle culture water body.)

1. A greenhouse turtle breeding method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

1) building a greenhouse soft-shelled turtle pond;

1.1) building a breeding greenhouse pool

The method comprises the following steps of constructing the outer frames of the culture ponds and the culture greenhouses by adopting brick-concrete, concrete and glass fiber reinforced plastics, wherein the area of each single culture greenhouse is 700-1000 square meters, a plurality of culture greenhouse ponds are arranged inside each culture greenhouse, the area of each culture greenhouse pond is 25-35 square meters, and the water depth is 60-100 cm; arranging a greenhouse on an outer frame of the breeding greenhouse, covering a heat-insulating and sun-shading material on the top of the breeding greenhouse, and uniformly arranging a plurality of ventilation windows around the heat-insulating and sun-shading material at equal intervals;

1.2) temperature control facility for building greenhouse

A conventional temperature control device and an emergency temperature control device are configured for each breeding greenhouse pool, wherein the conventional temperature control device selects an air energy heat pump or a ground source heat pump, and the emergency temperature control device selects a standby gas or biomass normal-pressure boiler;

1.3) building greenhouse oxygenation facility

Configuring a high-pressure vortex fan, an aeration coil pipe and an aeration sand head for each cultivation greenhouse pond, uniformly and dispersedly fixing the aeration coil pipe in each cultivation greenhouse pond, arranging the aeration sand head at the position of a water outlet of each aeration coil pipe, and enabling the positions of the aeration coil pipe and the aeration sand head to be 3-5 cm away from the bottom of each cultivation greenhouse pond;

1.4) sterilizing the greenhouse and the culture pond

1.4.1) before the culture pond is disinfected, the greenhouse is fumigated to keep the culture greenhouse closed, and the inside of the culture greenhouse is 1m at each time³4-5g of solid formaldehyde is proportioned in the space and is slowly heated, the fumigation and disinfection time is 24-36h, after disinfection, the door and window of the breeding greenhouse are opened for ventilation for 2-5d, and the greenhouse is used after the formaldehyde gas is completely dissipated;

1.4.2) sterilizing the culture pond: injecting water into each culture greenhouse pool before use for soaking for 15-20d, and adding acetic acid into each culture greenhouse pool for soaking for dealkalization; soaking and disinfecting used empty breeding greenhouse pools with quicklime or chlorine-containing disinfectant for 1 week, draining the pool water, washing the residual quicklime or chlorine-containing disinfectant on the walls and the bottom of the pools with clean water, re-injecting fresh water for later use, wherein the water level of the re-injected fresh water is not lower than 35cm, disinfecting the water body with an iodine preparation after water inlet, adjusting the pH value of the water body to 7.2-8.0, aerating the water body after 48-56h of disinfection, and inoculating beneficial bacteria into the water body;

2) selecting and stocking soft-shelled turtle seedlings;

2.1) selection of hatching eggs and seedlings

Selecting hatching eggs: selecting a hatching egg with round or oval egg grains, wherein the egg diameter of the hatching egg is 15-20mm, the polarization of a fertilized egg is obvious, the surface of the egg body is bright and smooth, and the phenomena of breakage, mildew and insect bite do not occur; the size of the same batch of hatching eggs is uniform, and the hatching period is 50-70 d;

seedling selection: selecting seedlings which are flat in body, elliptic, provided with waists and abdomens, covered with soft leather skin and free of keratin shield pieces; the seedlings are ensured to have smooth surface, sharp vision and no deformity or injury, the weight is 3-4g when the seedlings just come out of the shell, the diameter of the dorsal concha is 1.8-2.2cm, the four limbs are strong, the hind limb is longer than the forelimb, the front limb and the hind limb are respectively provided with 5 toes, a web is arranged between the toes, and the 3 toes on the inner side are provided with sharp claws;

2.2) Disinfection of hatching eggs and seedlings

Hatching egg disinfection: 2ppm of iodine preparation is selected and sprayed to hatching eggs by a sprayer, and sand for hatching is synchronously disinfected;

and (3) seedling disinfection: before the seedlings are put into a pool, the seedlings are placed in a plastic basin, soaked for 1min by 1% saline solution and then soaked for 2h by 30mg/L terramycin;

2.3) stocking of seedlings

Calculating the time for the seedlings to enter the pond, maintaining the environment in the cultivation greenhouse at the air temperature of 28-30 ℃ and the water temperature of 26-28 ℃ in the evening before the seedlings enter the pond, and gradually heating the seedlings to the air temperature of 32-34 ℃ and the water temperature of 30-32 ℃ after the seedlings enter the pond; slowly dumping the disinfected seedlings on a feeding table to naturally disperse and spread the seedlings, wherein the liquid medicine used for disinfection is not poured into a culture greenhouse pool; continuously disinfecting the seedlings twice by using 2ppm of glutaraldehyde or 3-5ppm of quaternary ammonium salt iodine on the 2 nd day after the seedlings are put into the pond; the stocking density in each breeding greenhouse pond is 45-55 per meter²；

3) Feeding soft-shelled turtles;

3.1) feed selection

Selecting powdery compound feed or expanded sinking pellet feed with protein content of 40-50%, and feeding in time after adding appropriate amount of water into feed 10min before feeding each time and stirring until the feed is softened;

3.2) feed feeding

Adding appropriate amount of fish oil, peanut oil or soybean oil during the stirring and softening process of the feed, and stopping feeding the feed for 1-2 times every 15 days to achieve the purpose of empty stomach and jejunum;

3.3) feeding mode

Simultaneously adopting two feeding modes of water feeding and underwater feeding; when feeding on water, the feed is uniformly poured on the upper surface of the feeding table, and when feeding underwater, the feeding spoon is placed at the position of a liquid level 50-60cm below the water surface and slightly shakes during feeding;

3.4) feeding amount

The feed is fed for 3 times every day, the feeding proportion of the feed in the morning, the noon and the evening is 1.1: 0.8: 1.1, the interval time of each time is equal, the dry material content in the daily feed amount is 2-4%, and the feeding amount and the feeding times are reduced after the water temperature and the room temperature exceed the optimal temperature of the soft-shelled turtle in the high-temperature midsummer season;

3.5) temperature control

The temperature of the water body in the culture greenhouse is controlled to be between 28 and 30 ℃, and the temperature of the air in the culture greenhouse is controlled to be between 30 and 32 ℃;

4) regulating and controlling the water quality of the greenhouse soft-shelled turtle pond;

4.1) regulating and controlling the pH value of the water body

Lime water can be splashed into the whole pool periodically to adjust the pH value of the water body of the soft-shelled turtle pool to be maintained at 7.2-8.0 so as to keep the water body of the soft-shelled turtle pool slightly alkaline;

4.2) regulating and controlling the transparency of the water body

The water quality is prevented from being over-clear, the visibility is ensured to be 15-20 cm, the water color is dark yellow or dark brown, the water color is kept transparent and bright, and the sudden phenomena of whitening, blackening, redness and clearing are prevented;

4.3) regulating and controlling the oxygen content of the water body

The oxygenation time is selected to start and end at a fixed time point every day, and the total oxygenation time every day is 15-20 hours;

4.4) Water quality culture

Regularly adding corresponding microbial agents into the water body of the soft-shelled turtle pond according to the water quality occurrence condition to regulate the water quality;

5) preventing and treating soft-shelled turtle diseases;

6) and (4) treating tail water of the breeding of the greenhouse turtle pond.

2. The greenhouse turtle breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heat-insulating and sun-shading material in the step 1.1) is made of a completely black light-tight material and covered by heat-insulating cotton to form a dark breeding greenhouse; or a plurality of layers of transparent films are covered to form a sunlight type cultivation greenhouse.

3. The greenhouse turtle breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the conventional temperature control device configured for each breeding greenhouse pool in the step 1.2) is arranged at the bottom of each breeding greenhouse pool, and the emergency temperature control device configured for each breeding greenhouse pool is arranged on the side surface of each breeding greenhouse pool.

4. The greenhouse turtle breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step 1.3), the aeration coil pipes in each cultivation greenhouse pond are coiled and fixed in each cultivation greenhouse pond in a circular ring shape, and the aeration sand heads are uniformly arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the aeration coil pipes.

5. The greenhouse turtle breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step 2), the soft-shelled turtle seedling part is selected from the seedlings incubated by the hatching eggs, and the part is directly selected from the seedlings.

6. The greenhouse turtle breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the seedling in the step 2.1) is selected from any one of Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Japanese soft-shelled turtle or Japanese hybrid soft-shelled turtle, Taiwan soft-shelled turtle or Taiwan hybrid soft-shelled turtle, wherein the Chinese soft-shelled turtle is selected from the seedlings which have consistent body color, no bright single-color spots, yellow-brown body color and white and soft belly; selecting a seed seedling with irregular radial plaques on the back, green brown body color and black spots on the abdomen at intervals; taiwan soft-shelled turtle or Taiwan hybrid soft-shelled turtle is seedling with irregular sesame spotted variegated flower spots on the body surface and black brown body color.

7. The greenhouse turtle breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 5), the step of processing the raw material,

when the turtle suffers from parotitis, (1) vitamin C, enzyme-producing probiotics, immune polysaccharide and biological bactericide AB containing vibrio phagostimuli are added into the fed feed regularly; (2) sterilizing the culture greenhouse pond by alternately using quick lime, dibromohydantoin, quaternary ammonium salt iodine preparation or trichloroisocyanuric acid at regular intervals; (3) adding fresh water and splashing bacillus and EM original dew into the water body in time 3-4 days after the water body is disinfected;

when the soft-shelled turtles suffer from perforation disease, (1) re-defining stocking density; (2) periodically and alternately disinfecting the water body by hydrogen peroxide and potassium persulfate; (3) when the soft-shelled turtles are attacked, chlorine dioxide is used for disinfection, 1.5-2 g of enrofloxacin and 5g of multivitamin soft-shelled turtles are added into each kilogram of feed and fed, and the time is continuously 5-7 days; (4) decocting the traditional Chinese medicine sanhuasan, sprinkling the decoction in a whole pool, mixing the decoction with the traditional Chinese medicine sanhuasan, and feeding the decoction;

when the soft-shelled turtle suffers from scabies, (1) regular chlorine dioxide disinfection; (2) when the soft-shelled turtle is ill, adjusting the pH value to alkalescence by using sodium bicarbonate or lime water; (3) hydrogen peroxide is splashed to disinfect and oxygenate the water body; (4) sprinkling diquaternary ammonium iodine and tribasic yellow powder to disinfect the culture water body; (5) and after 1h, 2-3 ppm of amoxicillin or doxycycline hydrochloride is sprayed for bathing.

8. The greenhouse turtle breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the treatment of the tail water from the breeding of the greenhouse turtle pond in the step 6) comprises the following steps:

6.1) discharging tail water into a regulating sedimentation tank, precipitating part of organic matters in the tail water, then remaining in the regulating sedimentation tank, allowing the upper layer of tail water to enter a biological fermentation tank, controlling water, then conveying out to be used as fertilizer, and allowing the rest of tail water to enter an air flotation tank;

6.2) adding PAC and PAM into the air floatation tank to carry out flocculation reaction, then sending the supernatant into a fish pond, sending the lower layer flocculated precipitate into a sludge tank, sending the lower precipitate in the sludge tank into a biological fermentation tank, carrying out water control, then carrying out the water control, using the water control as a fertilizer, and carrying out the upper supernatant in the sedimentation tank after filter pressing;

6.3) oxygenating and stirring the fish pond, and then conveying tail water in the fish pond to an aerobic pond;

6.4) carrying out aeration treatment in the aerobic tank, discharging the sediment in the aerobic tank after the sediment enters a three-sedimentation tank, and enabling supernatant in the aerobic tank to flow into a sludge tank through a reflux pump.

9. The greenhouse turtle breeding method according to claim 8, characterized in that: and (3) arranging a main driving water pump and an auxiliary driving water pump which alternately run in the adjusting sedimentation tank in the step 6.1), and enabling tail water entering the adjusting sedimentation tank to rise under the alternate driving of the main driving water pump and the auxiliary driving water pump to become upper-layer tail water and enter the biological fermentation tank.

10. The greenhouse turtle breeding method according to claim 9, characterized in that: the main driving water pump and the auxiliary driving water pump in the step 6.1) adopt a lifting type non-blocking submersible sewage pump.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a greenhouse turtle breeding method.

Background

The soft-shelled turtle is a precious aquatic animal with high economic value. The pork is delicious, rich in nutrition and high in protein content, and particularly, the skirt is a well-known good food. Turtle is often used as a treasure in China and is used as a nourishing food for dietary therapy.

In order to ensure healthy eating and comfortable taste, the artificial breeding of the edible soft-shelled turtles is basically realized, however, the following problems exist in the process of artificial breeding of the soft-shelled turtles: 1) unreasonable construction of the breeding greenhouse pool influences the breeding quality of the soft-shelled turtles; 2) lack of scientific seedling selection and feed feeding mode; 3) the environmental regulation and the disease control of the turtle culture water body are not timely; 4) the tail water of the turtle breeding lacks of effective treatment means, and the surrounding ecological environment is seriously influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a greenhouse turtle breeding method.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a greenhouse turtle breeding method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

1) building a greenhouse soft-shelled turtle pond;

1.1) building a breeding greenhouse pool

The method comprises the following steps of constructing the outer frames of the culture ponds and the culture greenhouses by adopting brick-concrete, concrete and glass fiber reinforced plastics, wherein the area of each single culture greenhouse is 700-1000 square meters, a plurality of culture greenhouse ponds are arranged inside each culture greenhouse, the area of each culture greenhouse pond is 25-35 square meters, and the water depth is 60-100 cm; arranging a greenhouse on an outer frame of the breeding greenhouse, covering a heat-insulating and sun-shading material on the top of the breeding greenhouse, and uniformly arranging a plurality of ventilation windows around the heat-insulating and sun-shading material at equal intervals;

1.2) temperature control facility for building greenhouse

A conventional temperature control device and an emergency temperature control device are configured for each breeding greenhouse pool, wherein the conventional temperature control device selects an air energy heat pump or a ground source heat pump, and the emergency temperature control device selects a standby gas or biomass normal-pressure boiler;

1.3) building greenhouse oxygenation facility

Configuring a high-pressure vortex fan, an aeration coil pipe and an aeration sand head for each cultivation greenhouse pond, uniformly and dispersedly fixing the aeration coil pipe in each cultivation greenhouse pond, arranging the aeration sand head at the position of a water outlet of each aeration coil pipe, and enabling the positions of the aeration coil pipe and the aeration sand head to be 3-5 cm away from the bottom of each cultivation greenhouse pond;

1.4) sterilizing the greenhouse and the culture pond

1.4.1) before the culture pond is disinfected, the greenhouse is fumigated to keep the culture greenhouse closed, and the inside of the culture greenhouse is 1m at each time³Mixing 4-5g solid formaldehyde in the space, slowly heating, fumigating for 24-36 hr, and sterilizingOpening doors and windows of the breeding greenhouse for ventilation for 2-5 days after the toxicity is caused, and using the greenhouse after the formaldehyde gas is completely dissipated;

1.4.2) sterilizing the culture pond: injecting water into each culture greenhouse pool before use for soaking for 15-20d, and adding acetic acid into each culture greenhouse pool for soaking for dealkalization; soaking and disinfecting used empty breeding greenhouse pools with quicklime or chlorine-containing disinfectant for 1 week, draining the pool water, washing the residual quicklime or chlorine-containing disinfectant on the walls and the bottom of the pools with clean water, re-injecting fresh water for later use, wherein the water level of the re-injected fresh water is not lower than 35cm, disinfecting the water body with an iodine preparation after water inlet, adjusting the pH value of the water body to 7.2-8.0, aerating the water body after 48-56h of disinfection, and inoculating beneficial bacteria into the water body;

2) selecting and stocking soft-shelled turtle seedlings;

2.1) selection of hatching eggs and seedlings

Selecting hatching eggs: selecting a hatching egg with round or oval egg grains, wherein the egg diameter of the hatching egg is 15-20mm, the polarization of a fertilized egg is obvious, the surface of the egg body is bright and smooth, and the phenomena of breakage, mildew and insect bite do not occur; the size of the same batch of hatching eggs is uniform, and the hatching period is 50-70 d;

seedling selection: selecting seedlings which are flat in body, elliptic, provided with waists and abdomens, covered with soft leather skin and free of keratin shield pieces; the seedlings are ensured to have smooth surface, sharp vision and no deformity or injury, the weight is 3-4g when the seedlings just come out of the shell, the diameter of the dorsal concha is 1.8-2.2cm, the four limbs are strong, the hind limb is longer than the forelimb, the front limb and the hind limb are respectively provided with 5 toes, a web is arranged between the toes, and the 3 toes on the inner side are provided with sharp claws;

2.2) Disinfection of hatching eggs and seedlings

Hatching egg disinfection: 2ppm of iodine preparation is selected and sprayed to hatching eggs by a sprayer, and sand for hatching is synchronously disinfected;

and (3) seedling disinfection: before the seedlings are put into a pool, the seedlings are placed in a plastic basin, soaked for 1min by 1% saline solution and then soaked for 2h by 30mg/L terramycin;

2.3) stocking of seedlings

Calculating the time of seedling entering the pool, and culturing the seedlings in the evening before the seedlings enter the poolMaintaining the environment in the breeding greenhouse at 28-30 deg.C and 26-28 deg.C, gradually heating to 32-34 deg.C and 30-32 deg.C after the seedlings enter the pond; slowly dumping the disinfected seedlings on a feeding table to naturally disperse and spread the seedlings, wherein the liquid medicine used for disinfection is not poured into a culture greenhouse pool; continuously disinfecting the seedlings twice by using 2ppm of glutaraldehyde or 3-5ppm of quaternary ammonium salt iodine on the 2 nd day after the seedlings are put into the pond; the stocking density in each breeding greenhouse pond is 45-55 per meter²；

3) Feeding soft-shelled turtles;

3.1) feed selection

Selecting powdery compound feed or expanded sinking pellet feed with protein content of 40-50%, and feeding in time after adding appropriate amount of water into feed 10min before feeding each time and stirring until the feed is softened;

3.2) feed feeding

Adding appropriate amount of fish oil, peanut oil or soybean oil during the stirring and softening process of the feed, and stopping feeding the feed for 1-2 times every 15 days to achieve the purpose of empty stomach and jejunum;

3.3) feeding mode

Simultaneously adopting two feeding modes of water feeding and underwater feeding; when feeding on water, the feed is uniformly poured on the upper surface of the feeding table, and when feeding underwater, the feeding spoon is placed at the position of a liquid level 50-60cm below the water surface and slightly shakes during feeding;

3.4) feeding amount

The feed is fed for 3 times every day, the feeding proportion of the feed in the morning, the noon and the evening is 1.1: 0.8: 1.1, the interval time of each time is equal, the dry material content in the daily feed amount is 2-4%, and the feeding amount and the feeding times are reduced after the water temperature and the room temperature exceed the optimal temperature of the soft-shelled turtle in the high-temperature midsummer season;

3.5) temperature control

The temperature of the water body in the culture greenhouse is controlled to be between 28 and 30 ℃, and the temperature of the air in the culture greenhouse is controlled to be between 30 and 32 ℃;

4) regulating and controlling the water quality of the greenhouse soft-shelled turtle pond;

4.1) regulating and controlling the pH value of the water body

Lime water can be splashed into the whole pool periodically to adjust the pH value of the water body of the soft-shelled turtle pool to be maintained at 7.2-8.0 so as to keep the water body of the soft-shelled turtle pool slightly alkaline;

4.2) regulating and controlling the transparency of the water body

The water quality is prevented from being over-clear, the visibility is ensured to be 15-20 cm, the water color is dark yellow or dark brown, the water color is kept transparent and bright, and the sudden phenomena of whitening, blackening, redness and clearing are prevented;

4.3) regulating and controlling the oxygen content of the water body

The oxygenation time is selected to start and end at a fixed time point every day, and the total oxygenation time every day is 15-20 hours;

4.4) Water quality culture

Regularly adding corresponding microbial agents into the water body of the soft-shelled turtle pond according to the water quality occurrence condition to regulate the water quality;

5) preventing and treating soft-shelled turtle diseases;

6) and (4) treating tail water of the breeding of the greenhouse turtle pond.

Further, the heat-insulating and sun-shading material in the step 1.1) is covered by a completely black light-tight material and heat-insulating cotton to form a dark breeding greenhouse; or a plurality of layers of transparent films are covered to form a sunlight type cultivation greenhouse.

Further, the conventional temperature control device configured for each cultivation greenhouse pool in the step 1.2) is arranged at the bottom of each cultivation greenhouse pool, and the emergency temperature control device configured for each cultivation greenhouse pool is arranged at the side of each cultivation greenhouse pool.

Further, the aeration coil pipes in each cultivation greenhouse pond in the step 1.3) are coiled and fixed in the cultivation greenhouse pond in a circular ring shape, and the aeration sand heads are uniformly arranged at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the aeration coil pipes.

Further, in the step 2), the soft-shelled turtle seedling part is a seedling after hatching by the hatching eggs, and the seedling part is directly selected.

Further, the seedling in the step 2.1) is selected from any one of Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Japanese soft-shelled turtle or Japanese hybrid soft-shelled turtle, Taiwan soft-shelled turtle or Taiwan hybrid soft-shelled turtle, and the Chinese soft-shelled turtle is selected from the seedlings which have consistent body color, no bright single-color spots, yellow-brown body color and white and soft belly; selecting a seed seedling with irregular radial plaques on the back, green brown body color and black spots on the abdomen at intervals; taiwan soft-shelled turtle or Taiwan hybrid soft-shelled turtle is seedling with irregular sesame spotted variegated flower spots on the body surface and black brown body color.

Further, in the step 5),

when the turtle suffers from parotitis, (1) vitamin C, enzyme-producing probiotics, immune polysaccharide and biological bactericide AB containing vibrio phagostimuli are added into the fed feed regularly; (2) sterilizing the culture greenhouse pond by alternately using quick lime, dibromohydantoin, quaternary ammonium salt iodine preparation or trichloroisocyanuric acid at regular intervals; (3) adding fresh water and splashing bacillus and EM original dew into the water body in time 3-4 days after the water body is disinfected;

when the soft-shelled turtles suffer from perforation disease, (1) re-defining stocking density; (2) periodically and alternately disinfecting the water body by hydrogen peroxide and potassium persulfate; (3) when the soft-shelled turtles are attacked, chlorine dioxide is used for disinfection, 1.5-2 g of enrofloxacin and 5g of multivitamin soft-shelled turtles are added into each kilogram of feed and fed, and the time is continuously 5-7 days; (4) decocting the traditional Chinese medicine sanhuasan, sprinkling the decoction in a whole pool, mixing the decoction with the traditional Chinese medicine sanhuasan, and feeding the decoction;

when the soft-shelled turtle suffers from scabies, (1) regular chlorine dioxide disinfection; (2) when the soft-shelled turtle is ill, adjusting the pH value to alkalescence by using sodium bicarbonate or lime water; (3) hydrogen peroxide is splashed to disinfect and oxygenate the water body; (4) sprinkling diquaternary ammonium iodine and tribasic yellow powder to disinfect the culture water body; (5) and after 1h, 2-3 ppm of amoxicillin or doxycycline hydrochloride is sprayed for bathing.

Further, the treatment of the tail water from the greenhouse turtle pond culture in the step 6) comprises the following steps:

6.1) discharging tail water into a regulating sedimentation tank, precipitating part of organic matters in the tail water, then remaining in the regulating sedimentation tank, allowing the upper layer of tail water to enter a biological fermentation tank, controlling water, then conveying out to be used as fertilizer, and allowing the rest of tail water to enter an air flotation tank;

6.2) adding PAC and PAM into the air floatation tank to carry out flocculation reaction, then sending the supernatant into a fish pond, sending the lower layer flocculated precipitate into a sludge tank, sending the lower precipitate in the sludge tank into a biological fermentation tank, carrying out water control, then carrying out the water control, using the water control as a fertilizer, and carrying out the upper supernatant in the sedimentation tank after filter pressing;

6.3) oxygenating and stirring the fish pond, and then conveying tail water in the fish pond to an aerobic pond;

6.4) carrying out aeration treatment in the aerobic tank, discharging the sediment in the aerobic tank after the sediment enters a three-sedimentation tank, and enabling supernatant in the aerobic tank to flow into a sludge tank through a reflux pump.

Further, the adjusting sedimentation tank in the step 6.1) is provided with a main driving water pump and an auxiliary driving water pump which alternately run, and tail water entering the adjusting sedimentation tank rises under the alternate driving of the main driving water pump and the auxiliary driving water pump to become upper layer tail water and enters the biological fermentation tank.

Further, the main driving water pump and the auxiliary driving water pump in the step 6.1) are lifting type non-blocking submersible sewage pumps.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1) the breeding greenhouse pools are scientifically constructed, so that the soft-shelled turtles are bred in a relatively closed environment, and a temperature control and oxygenation facility is arranged for each breeding greenhouse pool, so that the living environment of the soft-shelled turtles is rich in oxygen and constant in temperature, the breeding quality of each batch of soft-shelled turtles is guaranteed through timely disinfection before and after use, the survival rate of the soft-shelled turtles is improved, and the nutritive value of individual soft-shelled turtles is improved.

2) The mixed seedling selection mode of hatching eggs and seedlings is convenient for carry out the detection of temperature, oxygen and drug resistance to the earlier stage of breeding of the soft-shelled turtle of different batches, thereby the survival rate is guaranteed to the health of guaranteeing first fry through the scientific selection of seedlings and hatching eggs simultaneously, in addition reasonable fodder mode of throwing something and feeding guarantees the healthy growth of soft-shelled turtle and individual high quality.

3) The environment regulation of the turtle culture water body is effectively controlled, so that the most applicable living environment is provided for turtles, and corresponding medicines are timely taken aiming at diseases suffered by the turtles, so that the healthy survival of the turtles is ensured.

4) The method has the advantages that the phosphorus and nitrogen removal of the water body is effectively realized by the anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic operation conditions of the tail water of the turtle culture, meanwhile, the propagation of filamentous bacteria is effectively inhibited, the sludge bulking is overcome, the sludge-water separation is facilitated, the propagation and the growth of different microbial floras are facilitated due to the strict separation of the anaerobic zone, the anoxic zone and the aerobic zone, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effects are good, the influence on the surrounding ecological environment is reduced, and the method is effective and environment-friendly.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the steps of tail water treatment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will make the advantages and features of the invention easier to understand by those skilled in the art, and will therefore make the scope of the invention more clearly and clearly defined.

As shown in figures 1-2, the invention provides a greenhouse turtle breeding method.

The specific technical scheme is as follows:

a greenhouse turtle breeding method comprises the following steps:

1) building a greenhouse soft-shelled turtle pond;

1.1) building a breeding greenhouse pool

The method comprises the following steps of constructing the outer frames of the culture ponds and the culture greenhouses by adopting brick-concrete, concrete and glass fiber reinforced plastics, wherein the area of each single culture greenhouse is 700-1000 square meters, a plurality of culture greenhouse ponds are arranged inside each culture greenhouse, the area of each culture greenhouse pond is 25-35 square meters, and the water depth is 60-100 cm; arranging a greenhouse on an outer frame of the breeding greenhouse, covering a heat-insulating and sun-shading material on the top of the breeding greenhouse, uniformly arranging a plurality of ventilation windows around the heat-insulating and sun-shading material at equal intervals to realize ventilation effect, preferably, the ventilation windows simultaneously comprise a transverse ventilation opening and a vertical ventilation opening which can be opened as required to realize ventilation requirements in different directions;

1.2) temperature control facility for building greenhouse

A conventional temperature control device and an emergency temperature control device are configured for each breeding greenhouse pool, wherein the conventional temperature control device selects an air energy heat pump or a ground source heat pump, and the emergency temperature control device selects a standby gas or biomass normal-pressure boiler, so that the normal growth environment of the turtles can be ensured not to be broken in special use occasions such as replacement and maintenance;

1.3) building greenhouse oxygenation facility

Configuring a high-pressure vortex fan, an aeration coil pipe and an aeration sand head for each cultivation greenhouse pond, uniformly and dispersedly fixing the aeration coil pipe in each cultivation greenhouse pond, arranging the aeration sand head at the position of a water outlet of each aeration coil pipe, and enabling the positions of the aeration coil pipe and the aeration sand head to be 3-5 cm away from the bottom of each cultivation greenhouse pond;

1.4) sterilizing the greenhouse and the culture pond

1.4.1) before the culture pond is disinfected, the greenhouse is fumigated to keep the culture greenhouse closed, and the inside of the culture greenhouse is 1m at each time³4-5g of solid formaldehyde is proportioned in the space and is slowly heated, the fumigation and disinfection time is 24-36h, after disinfection, the door and window of the breeding greenhouse are opened for ventilation for 2-5d, and the greenhouse is used after the formaldehyde gas is completely dissipated;

1.4.2) sterilizing the culture pond: injecting water into each culture greenhouse pool before use for soaking for 15-20d, and adding acetic acid into each culture greenhouse pool for soaking for dealkalization; soaking and disinfecting used empty breeding greenhouse pools with quicklime or chlorine-containing disinfectant for 1 week, draining the pool water, washing the residual quicklime or chlorine-containing disinfectant on the walls and the bottom of the pools with clean water, re-injecting fresh water for later use, wherein the water level of the re-injected fresh water is not lower than 35cm, disinfecting the water body with an iodine preparation after water inlet, adjusting the pH value of the water body to 7.2-8.0, aerating the water body after 48-56h of disinfection, and inoculating beneficial bacteria into the water body;

2) selecting and stocking soft-shelled turtle seedlings;

2.1) selection of hatching eggs and seedlings

Selecting hatching eggs: selecting a hatching egg with round or oval egg grains, wherein the egg diameter of the hatching egg is 15-20mm, the polarization of a fertilized egg is obvious, the surface of the egg body is bright and smooth, and the phenomena of breakage, mildew and insect bite do not occur; the size of the same batch of hatching eggs is uniform, and the hatching period is 50-70 d;

seedling selection: selecting seedlings which are flat in body, elliptic, provided with waists and abdomens, covered with soft leather skin and free of keratin shield pieces; the seedlings are ensured to have smooth surface, sharp vision and no deformity or injury, the weight is 3-4g when the seedlings just come out of the shell, the diameter of the dorsal concha is 1.8-2.2cm, the four limbs are strong, the hind limb is longer than the forelimb, the front limb and the hind limb are respectively provided with 5 toes, a web is arranged between the toes, and the 3 toes on the inner side are provided with sharp claws;

2.2) Disinfection of hatching eggs and seedlings

Hatching egg disinfection: 2ppm of iodine preparation is selected and sprayed to hatching eggs by a sprayer, and sand for hatching is synchronously disinfected;

and (3) seedling disinfection: before the seedlings are put into a pool, the seedlings are placed in a plastic basin, soaked for 1min by 1% saline solution and then soaked for 2h by 30mg/L terramycin;

2.3) stocking of seedlings

Calculating the time for the seedlings to enter the pond, maintaining the environment in the cultivation greenhouse at the air temperature of 28-30 ℃ and the water temperature of 26-28 ℃ in the evening before the seedlings enter the pond, and gradually heating the seedlings to the air temperature of 32-34 ℃ and the water temperature of 30-32 ℃ after the seedlings enter the pond; slowly dumping the disinfected seedlings on a feeding table to naturally disperse and spread the seedlings, wherein the liquid medicine used for disinfection is not poured into a culture greenhouse pool; continuously disinfecting the seedlings twice by using 2ppm of glutaraldehyde or 3-5ppm of quaternary ammonium salt iodine on the 2 nd day after the seedlings are put into the pond; the stocking density in each breeding greenhouse pond is 45-55 per meter²；

3) Feeding soft-shelled turtles;

3.1) feed selection

Selecting powdery compound feed or expanded sinking pellet feed with protein content of 40-50%, and feeding in time after adding appropriate amount of water into feed 10min before feeding each time and stirring until the feed is softened;

3.2) feed feeding

Adding appropriate amount of fish oil, peanut oil or soybean oil during the stirring and softening process of the feed, and stopping feeding the feed for 1-2 times every 15 days to achieve the purpose of empty stomach and jejunum;

3.3) feeding mode

Simultaneously adopting two feeding modes of water feeding and underwater feeding; when feeding on water, the feed is uniformly poured on the upper surface of the feeding table, and when feeding underwater, the feeding spoon is placed at the position of a liquid level 50-60cm below the water surface and slightly shakes during feeding;

3.4) feeding amount

The feed is fed for 3 times every day, the feeding proportion of the feed in the morning, the noon and the evening is 1.1: 0.8: 1.1, the interval time of each time is equal, the dry material content in the daily feed amount is 2-4%, and the feeding amount and the feeding times are reduced after the water temperature and the room temperature exceed the optimal temperature of the soft-shelled turtle in the high-temperature midsummer season;

3.5) temperature control

The temperature of the water body in the culture greenhouse is controlled to be between 28 and 30 ℃, and the temperature of the air in the culture greenhouse is controlled to be between 30 and 32 ℃;

4) regulating and controlling the water quality of the greenhouse soft-shelled turtle pond;

4.1) regulating and controlling the pH value of the water body

Lime water can be splashed into the whole pool periodically to adjust the pH value of the water body of the soft-shelled turtle pool to be maintained at 7.2-8.0 so as to keep the water body of the soft-shelled turtle pool slightly alkaline;

4.2) regulating and controlling the transparency of the water body

The water quality is prevented from being over-clear, the visibility is ensured to be 15-20 cm, the water color is dark yellow or dark brown, the water color is kept transparent and bright, and the sudden phenomena of whitening, blackening, redness and clearing are prevented;

4.3) regulating and controlling the oxygen content of the water body

The oxygenation time is selected to start and end at a fixed time point every day, and the total oxygenation time every day is 15-20 hours;

4.4) Water quality culture

Regularly adding corresponding microbial agents into the water body of the soft-shelled turtle pond according to the water quality occurrence condition to regulate the water quality;

5) preventing and treating soft-shelled turtle diseases;

6) and (4) treating tail water of the breeding of the greenhouse turtle pond.

Specifically, the heat-insulating and sun-shading material in the step 1.1) is covered by a completely black light-tight material and heat-insulating cotton to form a dark breeding greenhouse; or a plurality of layers of transparent films are covered to form a sunlight type cultivation greenhouse so as to meet different closed cultivation requirements.

Specifically, the conventional temperature control device configured for each cultivation greenhouse pool in the step 1.2) is arranged at the bottom of each cultivation greenhouse pool, and the emergency temperature control device configured for each cultivation greenhouse pool is arranged on the side face of each cultivation greenhouse pool, so that the heating pipelines arranged for the two cultivation greenhouse pools are not interfered with each other, and when one cultivation greenhouse pool is disassembled for maintenance, the normal use of the other cultivation greenhouse pool is not influenced.

Specifically, in step 1.3) in every breed greenhouse pond aeration coil pipe be the inside that the ring form was coiled and is fixed in every breed greenhouse pond, aeration sand head evenly sets up along the circumferencial direction of aeration coil pipe equidistant to keep breeding the whole of greenhouse pond bottom and avoid causing the influence to the growth of soft-shelled turtle, the length of extension aeration coil pipe simultaneously also is favorable to the moderate degree to reduce aeration pressure as far as possible, avoids causing the surprise to the peripheral growing environment of soft-shelled turtle.

Specifically, in the step 2), the soft-shelled turtle seedling part selects the germchit incubated by the hatching egg, the germchit is directly selected in part, the detection of temperature, oxygen and drug resistance is conveniently carried out in the early stage of the breeding of soft-shelled turtles in different batches by the mixed seedling selection mode of the hatching egg and the germchit, the risk that the breeding effect is influenced by the same disease possibly caused by the selection of the germchit in the same batch is effectively avoided, and the improvement of the breeding technology aiming at the germchit and the hatching egg in different batches are facilitated.

Specifically, the seedling in the step 2.1) is selected from any one of Chinese soft-shelled turtle, Japanese soft-shelled turtle or Japanese hybrid soft-shelled turtle, Taiwan soft-shelled turtle or Taiwan hybrid soft-shelled turtle, and the Chinese soft-shelled turtle is selected from the seedlings which have consistent body color, no bright single-color spots, yellow-brown body color and white and soft belly; selecting a seed seedling with irregular radial plaques on the back, green brown body color and black spots on the abdomen at intervals; the Taiwan soft-shelled turtle or Taiwan hybrid soft-shelled turtle selects seedlings with irregular sesame punctate spots on the body surface and black brown body color, and the health of soft-shelled turtle seedlings is ensured through scientific selection of the seedlings and hatching eggs, so that the survival rate is ensured.

Specifically, in the step 5),

when the turtle suffers from parotitis, (1) vitamin C, enzyme-producing probiotics, immune polysaccharide and biological bactericide AB containing vibrio phagostimuli are added into the fed feed regularly; (2) sterilizing the culture greenhouse pond by alternately using quick lime, dibromohydantoin, quaternary ammonium salt iodine preparation or trichloroisocyanuric acid at regular intervals; (3) adding fresh water and splashing bacillus and EM original dew into the water body in time 3-4 days after the water body is disinfected;

when the soft-shelled turtles suffer from perforation disease, (1) re-defining stocking density; (2) periodically and alternately disinfecting the water body by hydrogen peroxide and potassium persulfate; (3) when the soft-shelled turtles are attacked, chlorine dioxide is used for disinfection, 1.5-2 g of enrofloxacin and 5g of multivitamin soft-shelled turtles are added into each kilogram of feed and fed, and the time is continuously 5-7 days; (4) decocting the traditional Chinese medicine sanhuasan, sprinkling the decoction in a whole pool, mixing the decoction with the traditional Chinese medicine sanhuasan, and feeding the decoction;

when the soft-shelled turtle suffers from scabies, (1) regular chlorine dioxide disinfection; (2) when the soft-shelled turtle is ill, adjusting the pH value to alkalescence by using sodium bicarbonate or lime water; (3) hydrogen peroxide is splashed to disinfect and oxygenate the water body; (4) sprinkling diquaternary ammonium iodine and tribasic yellow powder to disinfect the culture water body; (5) spraying 2-3 ppm of amoxicillin or doxycycline hydrochloride for bathing after 1 h;

therefore, the health and survival of the soft-shelled turtles are ensured by taking corresponding medicines in time according to the diseases of the soft-shelled turtles.

Specifically, the treatment of the tail water from the greenhouse turtle pond culture in the step 6) comprises the following steps:

6.1) discharging tail water into a regulating sedimentation tank, precipitating part of organic matters in the tail water, then remaining in the regulating sedimentation tank, allowing the upper layer of tail water to enter a biological fermentation tank, controlling water, then conveying out to be used as fertilizer, and allowing the rest of tail water to enter an air flotation tank;

6.2) adding PAC and PAM into the air floatation tank to carry out flocculation reaction, then sending the supernatant into a fish pond, sending the lower layer flocculated precipitate into a sludge tank, sending the lower precipitate in the sludge tank into a biological fermentation tank, carrying out water control, then carrying out the water control, using the water control as a fertilizer, and carrying out the upper supernatant in the sedimentation tank after filter pressing;

6.3) oxygenating and stirring the fish pond, and then conveying tail water in the fish pond to an aerobic pond;

6.4) carrying out aeration treatment in the aerobic tank, discharging the sediment in the aerobic tank after the sediment enters a three-sedimentation tank, and enabling supernatant in the aerobic tank to flow into a sludge tank through a reflux pump.

Therefore, by the dephosphorization and denitrification process, the propagation of filamentous bacteria is effectively inhibited under the conditions of anaerobic operation, anoxic operation and aerobic operation, the sludge bulking is overcome, the SVI value is less than 100, the sludge-water separation is facilitated, and the stirring machines are arranged in the anaerobic section and the anoxic section to realize uniform precipitation and drainage. Because the anaerobic zone, the anoxic zone and the aerobic zone are strictly separated, the method is favorable for the propagation and growth of different microbial floras, and has better nitrogen and phosphorus removal effects.

Because the fluctuation of the water inflow is large, in order to protect the normal and stable operation of the subsequent biological treatment working section, ensure and improve the effective utilization of the biological fermentation tank and avoid the deposition of large sand grains and the like in the biological fermentation tank, a regulating sedimentation tank is arranged before the anaerobic treatment for regulating the water quality.

Specifically, the main drive water pump and the auxiliary drive water pump which alternately operate are arranged in the adjusting sedimentation tank in the step 6.1), and tail water entering the adjusting sedimentation tank rises under the alternate drive of the main drive water pump and the auxiliary drive water pump to become upper layer tail water and enters the biological fermentation tank, so that the requirements of a large-load power water body or other sudden conditions can be effectively met through the alternate operation of the main drive water pump and the auxiliary drive water pump.

Specifically, the main drive water pump and the auxiliary drive water pump in the step 6.1) adopt a lifting type non-blocking submersible sewage pump, so that the efficiency is high, the energy consumption is low, the structural space is simplified, the overhaul is convenient, the investment is low, and the noise is low.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.