阅读说明：本技术 一种复合保温板及其制备方法 (Composite insulation board and preparation method thereof ) 是由 董会娜 姚栋嘉 余启勇 张继承 刘光亚 李帅帅 陈帅 杨红霞 吴恒 张东生 于 2020-04-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于保温板的制备技术领域,公开一种复合保温板及其制备方法。包括第一及第二面板层、夹芯层、骨架支撑层,夹芯层包括若干个纤维增强气凝胶复合毡,骨架支撑层为网格状,所述骨架支撑层设置在第一面板层与第二面板层之间,纤维增强气凝胶复合毡填充于骨架支撑层的网格中。制备步骤如下：由下至上依次将离型膜-第一脱模布-第一纤维增强树脂预浸带-网格状纤维增强树脂预浸带框进行铺层；将纤维增强气凝胶复合毡铺设到网格状纤维增强树脂预浸带框中；铺设第二纤维增强树脂预浸带-第二脱模布；热压固化成型,脱模处理,即可。本发明复合保温板,力学性能大大提高。(The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of insulation boards, and discloses a composite insulation board and a preparation method thereof. Including first and second panel layer, sandwich layer, skeleton supporting layer, the sandwich layer includes the compound felt of a plurality of fiber reinforcement aerogel, and the skeleton supporting layer is latticed, the skeleton supporting layer sets up between first panel layer and second panel layer, and the compound felt of fiber reinforcement aerogel is filled in the net of skeleton supporting layer. The preparation steps are as follows: sequentially layering an release film, a first demolding cloth, a first fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape and a latticed fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape frame from bottom to top; laying the fiber reinforced aerogel composite felt into a latticed fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape frame; laying a second fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape-second release cloth; hot-pressing, curing and molding, and demolding. The mechanical property of the composite insulation board is greatly improved.)

1. A composite insulation board is characterized in that: the composite insulation board comprises a first panel layer, a second panel layer, a sandwich layer and a framework supporting layer, wherein the sandwich layer comprises a plurality of fiber reinforced aerogel composite felts, the framework supporting layer is latticed and is arranged between the first panel layer and the second panel layer, the fiber reinforced aerogel composite felts are filled in grids of the framework supporting layer, and the framework supporting layer, the first panel layer and the second panel layer are integrally formed; the first panel layer, the second panel layer and the framework supporting layer are made of fiber reinforced resin composite materials at the same time.

2. The composite insulation board of claim 1, wherein: the fiber in the fiber reinforced resin composite material is glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber or aramid fiber, and the resin is unsaturated polyester, vinyl resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin or phenolic resin; the fiber in the fiber-reinforced aerogel composite felt is glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, mullite fiber, quartz fiber, alumina fiber, silicon nitride fiber, boron nitride fiber, rock wool fiber, ramie fiber, basalt fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber, polyimide fiber, PET fiber, PP fiber or aramid fiber, and the aerogel is silicon dioxide aerogel, aluminum oxide aerogel, zirconium dioxide aerogel or titanium dioxide aerogel.

3. The composite insulation board of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the first panel layer is 0.5-5 mm, the thickness of the second panel layer is 0.5-5 mm, and the thickness of the framework support layer is 2-20 mm.

4. The composite insulation board of claim 1, wherein: the grid shape of the framework supporting layer is quadrilateral, pentagonal or hexagonal.

5. A preparation method of the composite insulation board according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) sequentially layering an release film, a first demolding cloth, a first fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape and a latticed fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape frame from bottom to top;

(2) laying the fiber reinforced aerogel composite felt into the grid of the latticed fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape frame;

(3) sequentially paving a second fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape and second demolding cloth on the upper surface of the latticed fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape frame to obtain a laminated body;

(4) placing the laminated body which is laminated in the step (3) on a hot press for hot pressing, curing and molding;

(5) demolding after curing is finished to obtain the composite insulation board;

the fiber and the resin in the first fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape, the second fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape and the latticed fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape frame respectively correspond to the fiber and the resin in the fiber reinforced resin composite material.

6. The method for preparing the composite heat-insulating board according to claim 5, characterized in that: the grid shape of the grid-shaped fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape frame is quadrilateral, pentagonal or hexagonal.

7. The method for preparing the composite heat-insulating board according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the step (4), the pressure of hot-pressing curing molding is 0.5-5 Mpa, the curing temperature is 20-180 ℃, and the curing time is 0.5-12 h.

8. The method for preparing the composite heat-insulating board according to claim 5, characterized in that: the release film is a PET film, a PE film, a PI film or an OPP film; the first demolding cloth and the second demolding cloth are made of polytetrafluoroethylene demolding cloth, nylon 66 demolding cloth, nylon 6 demolding cloth or polyester demolding cloth.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of insulation board preparation, and particularly relates to a composite insulation board and a preparation method thereof.

Background

At present, developing new energy, improving the utilization rate of the existing energy and saving energy have attracted great attention from various countries. China is an energy-poor country, so that reasonable utilization of energy and energy conservation have important significance on sustainable development of China's society. The development of environment-friendly heat insulation materials by adopting new technology and new process is one of the most effective and economic measures for saving energy.

The heat insulating material commonly used in buildings is heat insulating mortar, which is prepared by mixing various light materials as aggregate, cement as a cementing material and some modified additives through stirring by manufacturers, and is used as a building material for constructing a heat insulating layer on the surface of a building. The thermal insulation mortar has the following disadvantages: the density is high, the weight of the heat-insulating layer is easy to bring difficulty to the construction, and the load bearing burden of the building framework is increased; the heat conductivity coefficient is high, the national energy-saving standard is reached, and the thickness is thicker; the moisture absorption is large, and the weight is easy to exceed the standard and fall off; the strength is greatly changed under the influence of construction factors.

At present, a heat insulation composite board is mostly adopted to replace the traditional heat insulation material to be used as a heat insulation material in the fields of buildings, civilian use, industry and the like, the composite board is mostly composed of a heat insulation sandwich layer and a panel, the panel is mostly made of high-strength fiber boards, stone slabs and the like, the problems of high density, long processing period and the like exist, the large-scale production cost is high, and the heat insulation sandwich layer is mostly made of organic synthetic materials and organic and inorganic minerals, such as foamed plastics, fiber cotton felts and the like. Mineral fiber materials represented by superfine glass wool have the defects of high density, high brittleness, serious water absorption, easiness in vibration and droop, poor heat preservation and insulation performance, thick paving, high material loss and the like, and dust dissipation is easily formed in the construction engineering due to the brittleness of fibers to pollute the environment and cause lung diseases, so that the energy-saving standard cannot be met by using the materials; common organic foams such as polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, etc. have poor flame retardancy, high combustion density, and release a large amount of toxic and harmful gases.

SiO₂Aerogel is a new super heat-insulating material, has extremely low heat conductivity coefficient which is far lower than that of static air at normal temperature by 0.25W/m.K, has incomparable heat-insulating and heat-preserving effects compared with other materials, has low density, is waterproof, flame-retardant, green and environment-friendly, is corrosion-resistant, is not easy to age, has long service life, and is called as the super heat-insulating material. At present, the composite material is mainly used for heat preservation and insulation in the fields of industrial pipelines, industrial furnace bodies, escape capsules, transportation, household appliances, glass and the like. But because of the structural characteristics of the aerogel, the aerogel has the defects of large brittleness, poor flexibility and the like, and simultaneously, because of the preparation method, SiO₂The aerogel felt generally has the condition that the aerogel powder falls off from the felt body in the transportation, construction and use processes, the powder falling condition not only brings inconvenience to the construction and threats to the health of constructors, but also reduces the aerogel feltThe performance of the aerogel felt greatly limits the application range of the aerogel felt. The problem that the aerogel falls off powder can be well solved by taking the aerogel as the core material of the composite board, but in view of the defect of poor mechanical property of the aerogel, the application requirement cannot be met on occasions with high mechanical property requirements. Therefore, aiming at the aerogel serving as the sandwich layer, the design of the plate with good heat insulation performance and mechanical property has important promotion significance for expanding the application market of the heat insulation material.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a composite insulation board and a preparation method thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a composite heat-insulating plate comprises a first panel layer, a second panel layer, a sandwich layer and a framework supporting layer, wherein the sandwich layer comprises a plurality of fiber reinforced aerogel composite felts, the framework supporting layer is latticed and is arranged between the first panel layer and the second panel layer, the fiber reinforced aerogel composite felts are filled in grids of the framework supporting layer, and the framework supporting layer, the first panel layer and the second panel layer are integrally formed; the first panel layer, the second panel layer and the framework supporting layer are made of fiber reinforced resin composite materials at the same time.

Preferably, the fiber in the fiber reinforced resin composite material is glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber or aramid fiber, and the resin is unsaturated polyester, vinyl resin, polyurethane resin, epoxy resin or phenolic resin; the fiber in the fiber-reinforced aerogel composite felt is glass fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, aluminum silicate fiber, mullite fiber, quartz fiber, alumina fiber, silicon nitride fiber, boron nitride fiber, rock wool fiber, ramie fiber, basalt fiber, polyacrylonitrile fiber, polyimide fiber, PET fiber, PP fiber or aramid fiber, and the aerogel is silicon dioxide aerogel, aluminum oxide aerogel, zirconium dioxide aerogel or titanium dioxide aerogel. The "fiber reinforced resin composite" and the "fiber reinforced aerogel composite mat" in the present invention can be prepared according to the prior art or obtained commercially.

Preferably, the thickness of the first panel layer is 0.5-5 mm, the thickness of the second panel layer is 0.5-5 mm, and the thickness of the framework support layer is 2-20 mm.

Preferably, the grid shape of the framework supporting layer is quadrilateral, pentagonal or hexagonal.

The preparation method of the composite insulation board comprises the following preparation steps:

(1) sequentially layering an release film, a first demolding cloth, a first fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape and a latticed fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape frame from bottom to top;

(2) laying the fiber reinforced aerogel composite felt into the grid of the latticed fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape frame;

(3) sequentially paving a second fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape and second demolding cloth on the upper surface of the latticed fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape frame to obtain a laminated body;

(4) placing the laminated body which is laminated in the step (3) on a hot press for hot pressing, curing and molding;

(5) demolding after curing is finished to obtain the composite insulation board;

the fiber and the resin in the first fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape, the second fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape and the latticed fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape frame respectively correspond to the fiber and the resin in the fiber reinforced resin composite material.

Preferably, the grid shape of the grid-shaped fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape frame is a quadrangle, a pentagon or a hexagon.

Preferably, in the step (4), the pressure of the hot-press curing molding is 0.5-5 Mpa, the curing temperature is 20-180 ℃, and the curing time is 0.5-12 h.

Preferably, the release film is a PET film, a PE film, a PI film or an OPP film; the first demolding cloth and the second demolding cloth are made of polytetrafluoroethylene demolding cloth, nylon 66 demolding cloth, nylon 6 demolding cloth or polyester demolding cloth.

Has the advantages that:

(1) the composite insulation board prepared by the invention has the characteristic of light weight and heat insulation, and the mechanical property of the composite insulation board is greatly improved compared with that of the traditional sandwich board;

(2) according to the invention, the fiber reinforced aerogel composite felt is laid in the latticed fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape frame and integrally cured and molded with the panel layer through hot pressing, a framework supporting layer is formed among the fiber reinforced aerogel composite felts, the framework supporting layer is made of fiber reinforced resin composite material, the good mechanical property of the fiber reinforced aerogel composite felt can support the aerogel, the mechanical property of the aerogel is greatly improved, the mechanical property of the whole plate is further improved, and the problem that the aerogel falls off during the application process is solved at the same time, so that the obtained thermal insulation plate has excellent impact resistance and compression resistance, and the application occasion of the plate is enlarged;

(3) the invention adopts the mode of integrally curing and molding the framework supporting layer and the panel layer, greatly improves the bonding strength of the sandwich layer and the panel layer, and avoids the phenomenon of low bonding strength delamination of the sandwich layer and the panel layer caused by the traditional bonding method;

(4) the composite insulation board is integrally cured and molded, the molding period is short, the operation is simple and convenient, the surface of the prepared composite insulation board is smooth and clean, the attractiveness is increased, the large-scale industrialization requirement can be met, composite insulation boards with different sizes and thicknesses can be prepared according to the requirement, and the application requirements of the composite insulation board in the heat insulation and preservation fields of buildings, chemical engineering, traffic and the like are met.

Drawings

FIG. 1: the invention discloses a structural schematic diagram of a composite insulation board;

FIG. 2: a schematic front view structure diagram of a latticed fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape frame (the latticed shape is a regular quadrangle);

FIG. 3: a schematic plan view structure diagram of a latticed fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape frame (the latticed shape is a regular quadrangle);

in the figure: 1-a first panel layer; 2-a second panel layer; 3-a fiber reinforced aerogel composite blanket; 4-a framework support layer; 5-fiber reinforced resin prepreg tape; 6-grid.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that the following examples are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.