阅读说明：本技术 一种多用途双模式核反应堆电源 (Multipurpose dual-mode nuclear reactor power supply ) 是由 张大林 代智文 秋穗正 田文喜 苏光辉 于 2020-03-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种多用途双模式核反应堆电源,多个热管一端插入热管堆堆芯,另一端穿过屏蔽体插入换热器,多个热管插入热管堆堆芯中的部分包覆有热离子转换器,斯特林热电转换装置的热端与换热器相连,冷端与水冷夹套连接,最终将废热传入水冷夹套中的冷却水中；核燃料裂变产生的热量由热管堆堆芯传导至热离子转换器,再由热管将热量导入换热器,热离子转换器内外形成温差,静态做功产生电能；换热器将热量均匀传递给斯特林热电转换装置热端,冷端被水冷夹套冷却,换热器与水冷夹套在斯特林热电转换装置两端形成温差,动态做功产生电能；采用静态、动态热电转换的双模式提高了电源的可靠性,增加了电源的输出功率,供多种用途的装备与系统使用。(The invention discloses a multipurpose dual-mode nuclear reactor power supply, wherein one end of a plurality of heat pipes is inserted into a heat pipe reactor core, the other end of the plurality of heat pipes penetrates through a shielding body and is inserted into a heat exchanger, parts of the plurality of heat pipes inserted into the heat pipe reactor core are covered with a thermionic converter, the hot end of a Stirling thermoelectric conversion device is connected with the heat exchanger, the cold end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device is connected with a water-cooling jacket, and finally waste heat is transmitted into cooling water in; the heat generated by fission of the nuclear fuel is conducted to the thermionic converter by the reactor core of the heat pipe reactor, and then is guided into the heat exchanger by the heat pipe, and the thermionic converter forms temperature difference inside and outside and generates electric energy by static acting; the heat exchanger uniformly transfers heat to the hot end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device, the cold end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device is cooled by the water-cooling jacket, the heat exchanger and the water-cooling jacket form temperature difference at two ends of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device, and dynamic work is performed to generate electric energy; the dual modes of static and dynamic thermoelectric conversion are adopted, so that the reliability of the power supply is improved, the output power of the power supply is increased, and the power supply can be used for equipment and systems with multiple purposes.)

1. A multipurpose double-conversion-mode nuclear reactor power supply is characterized by comprising a heat pipe reactor core (1), a thermionic converter (2), a plurality of heat pipes (3), a radiation shield (4), a heat exchanger (5), a Stirling thermoelectric conversion device (6) and a water cooling jacket (7); one end of each heat pipe (3) is inserted into the heat pipe reactor core (1), the other end of each heat pipe (3) penetrates through the shielding body (4) and is inserted into the heat exchanger (5), the part of each heat pipe (3) inserted into the heat pipe reactor core (1) is wrapped with the thermionic converter (2), namely, the heat pipe reactor core (1) and the heat pipe (3) are separated through the thermionic converter (2), the hot end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device (6) is connected with the heat exchanger (5), the cold end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device is connected with the water-cooling jacket (7), cooling is carried out through cooling water in the water-cooling jacket (7), and finally waste heat is; the heat generated by fission of the nuclear fuel is conducted to the thermionic converter (2) by the reactor core (1) of the heat pipe reactor, and then is guided into the heat exchanger (5) by the heat pipe (3), so that the thermionic converter (2) forms temperature difference between the inside and the outside, and generates electric energy by static acting; the heat exchanger (5) uniformly transfers heat to the hot end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device (6), the cold end is cooled by the water-cooling jacket (7), the heat exchanger (5) and the water-cooling jacket (7) form temperature difference at the two ends of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device (6), and dynamic work is performed to generate electric energy; the dual modes of static thermoelectric conversion and dynamic thermoelectric conversion are adopted, so that the reliability of the power supply is improved, the output power of the power supply is increased, and the power supply can be used for equipment and systems with multiple purposes.

2. A multi-purpose dual mode nuclear reactor power supply as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the working fluid in the heat pipe (3) is an alkali metal.

3. A multi-purpose dual mode nuclear reactor power supply as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger (5) material is a high thermal conductivity metal.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of reactor design, in particular to a multipurpose dual-mode nuclear reactor power supply

Background

With the development of space exploration, aerospace equipment systems put great demands on space nuclear reactor power supplies, and reliable and safe space nuclear reactor power supplies are the main direction of future space exploration.

At present, a space nuclear reactor power supply is designed by single static or dynamic conversion, the static conversion efficiency is low, the mass ratio power is high, and the future aerospace requirements are difficult to meet; the dynamic conversion device has high conversion efficiency, but is easy to lose efficacy after long-time operation in a severe space environment due to the moving parts.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the problems of the prior art, the invention provides a multi-purpose dual-mode nuclear reactor power supply which can be used for equipment and systems with multiple purposes.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a multi-purpose double-conversion-mode nuclear reactor power supply comprises a heat pipe reactor core 1, a thermionic converter 2, a plurality of heat pipes 3, a radiation shield 4, a heat exchanger 5, a Stirling thermoelectric conversion device 6 and a water cooling jacket 7; one end of each of the plurality of heat pipes 3 is inserted into the heat pipe reactor core 1, the other end of each of the plurality of heat pipes 3 penetrates through the shielding body 4 and is inserted into the heat exchanger 5, the part of each of the plurality of heat pipes 3 inserted into the heat pipe reactor core 1 is covered with the thermionic converter 2, namely, the heat pipe reactor core 1 and the heat pipe 3 are separated by the thermionic converter 2, the hot end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device 6 is connected with the heat exchanger 5, the cold end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device is connected with the water-cooling jacket 7, and the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device; the heat generated by fission of the nuclear fuel is conducted to the thermionic converter 2 from the reactor core 1 of the heat pipe reactor, and then is led into the heat exchanger 5 by the heat pipe 3, so that the temperature difference is formed inside and outside the thermionic converter 2, and the heat is statically applied to generate electric energy; the heat exchanger 5 uniformly transfers heat to the hot end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device 6, the cold end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device is cooled by the water-cooling jacket 7, the heat exchanger 5 and the water-cooling jacket 7 form temperature difference at two ends of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device 6, and dynamic work is performed to generate electric energy; the dual modes of static thermoelectric conversion and dynamic thermoelectric conversion are adopted, so that the reliability of the power supply is improved, the output power of the power supply is increased, and the power supply can be used for equipment and systems with multiple purposes.

The working medium in the heat pipe 3 is alkali metal.

The heat exchanger 5 is made of high-thermal-conductivity metal.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

the nuclear power supply nuclear fuel of the traditional thermionic space nuclear reactor is positioned in the thermionic converter, the liquid metal is adopted for cooling the thermionic converter, the structure is complex, the safety is low, the problems of coolant leakage and single-point failure are easily caused, the advantages of the heat pipe stack are utilized, the nuclear fuel is placed outside the thermionic converter, the heat pipe for cooling is placed inside the thermionic converter, the structure is simpler, the problem of single-point failure is avoided due to the adoption of the heat pipe as the cooling medium, and the reliability of the power supply is improved.

The invention utilizes the characteristic of high working temperature of the thermionic converter (the working temperature of the hot end is 2000K, the working temperature of the cold end is 1000K), adds the second-stage dynamic converter (the Stirling converter) after the first-stage static converter (the thermionic converter) (the conversion efficiency is 25 percent), solves the defect of low pure thermionic conversion efficiency (less than 7 percent) and improves the conversion efficiency of the power supply.

A heat exchanger 5 is added between the heat pipe 3 and the stirling converter 6. According to the invention, under the condition that the thermionic converter 2 and the heat pipe 3 are invalid, the Stirling converter 6 is not lost, and the temperature of the heat pipe 3 can be controlled by controlling the power of the reactor, so that the temperature of the heat exchanger 5 can be readjusted to achieve the optimal output power.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a power supply structure diagram of a nuclear reactor with a dynamic and static conversion space.

In the figure: 1-heat pipe reactor core; 2-a thermionic converter; 3-a heat pipe; 4-a shield; 5-a heat exchanger; 6-stirling thermoelectric conversion devices; 7-Water-cooled jacket.

Detailed Description

For a better understanding of the present invention, its operating principles will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, a multi-purpose dual conversion mode nuclear reactor power supply includes a heat pipe reactor core 1, a thermionic converter 2, a plurality of heat pipes 3, a radiation shield 4, a heat exchanger 5, a stirling thermoelectric conversion device 6, and a water-cooling jacket 7; one end of each of the plurality of heat pipes 3 is inserted into the heat pipe reactor core 1, the other end of each of the plurality of heat pipes 3 penetrates through the shielding body 4 and is inserted into the heat exchanger 5, the part of each of the plurality of heat pipes 3 inserted into the heat pipe reactor core 1 is covered with the thermionic converter 2, namely, the heat pipe reactor core 1 and the heat pipe 3 are separated by the thermionic converter 2, the hot end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device 6 is connected with the heat exchanger 5, the cold end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device is connected with the water-cooling jacket 7, and the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device; the heat generated by fission of the nuclear fuel is conducted to the thermionic converter 2 from the reactor core 1 of the heat pipe reactor, and then is led into the heat exchanger 5 by the heat pipe 3, so that the temperature difference is formed inside and outside the thermionic converter 2, and the heat is statically applied to generate electric energy; the heat exchanger 5 uniformly transfers heat to the hot end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device 6, the cold end of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device is cooled by the water-cooling jacket 7, the heat exchanger 5 and the water-cooling jacket 7 form temperature difference at two ends of the Stirling thermoelectric conversion device 6, and dynamic work is performed to generate electric energy; the dual modes of static thermoelectric conversion and dynamic thermoelectric conversion are adopted, so that the reliability of the power supply is improved, the output power of the power supply is increased, and the power supply can be used for equipment and systems with multiple purposes.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thermionic converter 2 is located between the heat pipe stack core 1 and the heat pipes 3, and the heat pipe stack core and the heat pipes are used for cooling, so as to avoid the problem of single-point failure of the power supply.

As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the working medium in the heat pipe 3 is alkali metal, which can meet the working temperature of the heat pipe 3. .

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat exchanger 5 is made of a high thermal conductivity metal, and transfers the heat of the heat pipe 3 to the hot end of the stirling converter uniformly, so that when a failure problem occurs in the thermionic converter 2 or the heat pipe 3, a failure of one stirling converter is not caused, and the output power of the power supply is reduced.