阅读说明：本技术 一种横向软硬相间的自润滑涂层的制备方法 (Preparation method of transverse soft-hard alternated self-lubricating coating ) 是由 曹同坤 杨林 谈庆瑶 于 2020-05-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供的一种横向软硬相间的自润滑涂层的制备方法,涉及涂层的制备领域。本发明是将硬涂层和软涂层在基体表面的二维平面内间隔制备,在基体表面形成软硬相间的自润滑涂层。首先将涂层设计成软硬相间的直线型、环形、网状等织构状形式,然后将绝缘材料覆盖住不需要制备涂层的地方,进行硬涂层(或软涂层)制备,接着再将制备的涂层用绝缘材料覆盖,并将需要制备软涂层(或硬涂层)的地方去除覆盖的绝缘材料,进行软涂层(或硬涂层)的制备。本发明能够使软、硬涂层在摩擦过程中同时发挥作用,结合了硬质涂层的高硬度、耐磨的特点和软涂层本身所具有的润滑性能,使得涂层结合了两者的优点,提高了性能。(The invention provides a preparation method of a transverse soft-hard phase self-lubricating coating, and relates to the field of preparation of coatings. The invention prepares the hard coating and the soft coating at intervals in a two-dimensional plane of the surface of a substrate, and forms a self-lubricating coating with the intervals of soft and hard on the surface of the substrate. Firstly, designing a coating into a linear, annular, reticular and other texture form with alternate soft and hard, then covering the place where the coating is not needed to be prepared with an insulating material, preparing a hard coating (or a soft coating), then covering the prepared coating with the insulating material, removing the covered insulating material from the place where the soft coating (or the hard coating) is needed to be prepared, and preparing the soft coating (or the hard coating). The invention can make the soft coating and the hard coating play a role simultaneously in the friction process, combines the characteristics of high hardness and wear resistance of the hard coating and the lubricating property of the soft coating, combines the advantages of the soft coating and the hard coating, and improves the performance.)

1. A method for preparing a self-lubricating coating with soft and hard phases at intervals in a transverse direction is characterized in that the self-lubricating coating with soft and hard phases is formed on the surface of a substrate by preparing the hard coating and the soft coating at intervals in a two-dimensional plane of the surface of the substrate.

2. The hard coating of claim 1 is a cemented carbide, TiC, ceramic, or other hard coating.

3. The soft coating of claim 1 is graphite, Cu-MoS₂Or other self-lubricating coating.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the coating is prepared by electro-spark deposition.

5. The substrate of claim 1 is steel No. 45, cemented carbide, or other conductive material.

6. The preparation method of the electric spark deposition is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:

1) grinding and polishing the surface of the substrate, cleaning the residual impurities and oil stains on the surface of the substrate by using acetone, putting the cleaned substrate into absolute ethyl alcohol, soaking for about 15 minutes, taking out, and drying by using hot air;

2) the coating is designed into a linear type, annular type, reticular type and other texture forms with hard and soft phases. The widths of the soft coating and the hard coating are 0.4-2 mm. The soft and hard coating layers can be designed to be equal in width or unequal in width.

3) First, a hard coating is deposited on the surface of a substrate. The surface of the substrate is covered with an insulating material (such as insulating glue, adhesive tape and the like) where the coating is not required to be deposited, only the place where the hard coating is required to be coated is left, and then the hard coating is prepared.

4) When the hard coating preparation is completed, then the soft coating preparation is performed. The hard coating is partially covered with an insulating material and the covered insulating material is removed where a soft coating is to be prepared. Then, preparation of a soft coating layer was performed. When the soft coating preparation is complete, all of the overlying insulating material is removed.

The preparation sequence of the soft coating and the hard coating in the steps 3) and 4) can be interchanged according to the requirement.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of preparation of coatings, in particular to a preparation method of a transverse soft-hard self-lubricating coating.

Background

China now becomes a country with large energy consumption, and over-high energy consumption becomes a bottleneck restricting economic development of China. In industrial production, frictional wear is an important cause of high energy consumption. Friction results in the loss of a significant amount of mechanical energy, and wear is a significant cause of failure of mechanical parts. Statistically, 30% of the energy of industrialized countries is consumed by friction. In China, because the industrial technology level is relatively lagged behind, the loss caused by friction and abrasion and the energy consumption level of industrial production are far higher than the average number.

Lubrication is the most effective measure to reduce friction and wear. The general approach is to use lubricating oils. However, in some occasions such as high vacuum, ultrahigh temperature, electromagnetic field and the like, parts generally cannot be lubricated by lubricating oil and lubricating grease, and a novel solid lubricating material is required to prevent the abrasion of the parts and the pollution of a system. From the basic theory of tribology, to reduce the coefficient of friction and wear rate of a material, it is necessary to provide both high hardness and low shear strength at the surface of the material. It is in fact difficult to obtain a single material of this nature, which can only be achieved by preparing a thin film of low shear strength on a substrate of high hardness.

At present, on the basis of keeping the original performance of a parent material of a part, a wear-resistant self-lubricating coating is prepared on the surface of a friction pair by adopting a coating technology, and the wear-resistant self-lubricating coating becomes a development direction in the field of tribology.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a transverse soft-hard alternated self-lubricating coating, and the self-lubricating coating which has good wear resistance and good antifriction and lubricating effects is prepared.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the hard coating and the soft coating are prepared at intervals in a two-dimensional plane of the surface of the substrate, and a self-lubricating coating with the hard and soft phases is formed on the surface of the substrate. The structure of the soft and hard phase self-lubricating coating is shown in figure 1.

The traditional hard-soft alternate coating is prepared by coating a hard coating on the surface of a substrate and then coating a soft coating, namely, performing multi-layer coating in the thickness direction of the substrate. Thus, the coating rubs only on the soft coating or the hard coating during the rubbing process. In the invention, the method of preparing the hard coating and the soft coating at intervals in the two-dimensional plane of the surface of the substrate is adopted, and in the friction process, the hard coating and the soft coating can simultaneously play roles, namely, the abrasion resistance of the hard coating and the lubricating and antifriction performance of the soft coating can be simultaneously played, the advantages of the hard coating and the soft coating are fully combined, and the performance of the self-lubricating coating is improved.

The preparation method of the self-lubricating coating, preferably the preparation by electric spark deposition, is characterized by comprising the following preparation steps:

1) grinding and polishing the surface of the substrate, cleaning the residual impurities and oil stains on the surface of the substrate by using acetone, putting the cleaned substrate into absolute ethyl alcohol, soaking for about 15 minutes, taking out, and drying by using hot air;

2) the coating is designed into a linear type, annular type, reticular type and other texture forms with hard and soft phases. The widths of the soft coating and the hard coating are 0.4-2 mm. The soft and hard coating layers can be designed to be equal in width or unequal in width. The typical form of the soft and hard phase self-lubricating coating is shown in fig. 2, but the structural form is not limited to the form shown in fig. 2.

3) First, a hard coating is deposited on the surface of a substrate. The surface of the substrate is covered with an insulating material (such as insulating glue, insulating tape and the like) where the coating is not required to be deposited, only the place where the hard coating is required to be coated is left, and then the hard coating is prepared.

4) When the hard coating preparation is completed, then the soft coating preparation is performed. The hard coating is partially covered with an insulating material and the covered insulating material is removed where a soft coating is to be prepared. Then, preparation of a soft coating layer was performed. When the soft coating preparation is complete, all of the overlying insulating material is removed.

The preparation sequence of the soft coating and the hard coating in the steps 3) and 4) can be interchanged according to the requirement.

Furthermore, the substrate is made of conductive materials, preferably 45# steel and cemented carbide.

Further, the hard coating is a coating with high hardness, such as hard alloy, TiC, ceramic and the like.

Further, the soft coating is graphite and Cu-MoS₂And the like.

The electric spark deposition technology is a metallurgical bonding process in which high-temperature and high-pressure regions are formed between an electrode and a base material by using instantaneous high-energy pulse electric energy, the electrode material is coated on the surface of the base material in a melting way, and atoms of elements of various component electrodes and workpiece materials are subjected to violent diffusion and re-alloying in the electric spark deposition process. Therefore, the coating is tightly bonded to the substrate. The self-lubricating coating is prepared by adopting electric spark deposition, so that the self-lubricating coating has high bonding strength.

Compared with the existing preparation method of the self-lubricating coating, the invention has the advantages that: the self-lubricating coating is prepared in a two-dimensional plane of the surface of the substrate at intervals of horizontal soft and hard, so that the soft and hard coating can play a role in the friction process, and the characteristics of high hardness and wear resistance of the hard coating and the lubricating property of the soft coating are combined, so that the coating combines the advantages of the hard coating and the soft coating, and the performance is improved. Meanwhile, the invention adopts electric spark deposition, which can ensure that the coating has thicker thickness and improve the bonding strength with the matrix, thereby improving the comprehensive performance of the coating.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a soft-hard phase self-lubricating coating

FIG. 2 is a typical form of a soft-hard interphase self-lubricating coating

The attached drawings are as follows: 1-a substrate; 2-soft coating; 3-hard coating

Detailed Description

The invention will be further illustrated by the following specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention to the examples set forth below. Variations that are made by a person skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept and method are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.