阅读说明：本技术 一种基于空天地立体技术的大规模高陡边坡监测方法 (Large-scale high and steep slope monitoring method based on air-ground three-dimensional technology ) 是由 周永强 盛谦 杜文杰 付晓东 于 2021-05-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于空天地立体技术的大规模高陡边坡监测方法,包括：采用星载Insar进行区域整体监测,获得潜在变形大、风险高的局部边坡；利用无人机摄影观测风险高局部边坡裂缝发展情况；利用大气折光修正条件下的无人机摄影、GPS设备进行高风险局部边坡变形监测；采用北斗GNSS进行监测局部边坡地表变形；在高风险局部边坡的纵向和横向两个方向布设拉线式位移计,监测岩土体位移；在高风险局部边坡的纵向和横向两个方向布设多个采用钻孔布设传感器进行局部边坡深部位移监测；按照三维展示的要求将形变监测结果转换为三维形式,展示高陡边坡形变发生发展的过程；能快速准确的掌握整个高陡边坡的变形信息；保障施工期工程安全建设。(The invention discloses a large-scale high and steep slope monitoring method based on an air-space-ground three-dimensional technology, which comprises the following steps of: carrying out regional overall monitoring by adopting satellite-borne Insar to obtain a local side slope with large potential deformation and high risk; carrying out photography observation on the development condition of local side slope cracks with high risk by using an unmanned aerial vehicle; carrying out high-risk local slope deformation monitoring by using unmanned aerial vehicle photography and GPS equipment under the atmospheric refraction correction condition; monitoring local slope surface deformation by adopting a Beidou GNSS; laying stay wire type displacement meters in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the high-risk local side slope, and monitoring the displacement of the rock and soil mass; arranging a plurality of sensors for drilling arrangement in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the high-risk local side slope to monitor the deep displacement of the local side slope; converting the deformation monitoring result into a three-dimensional form according to the requirement of three-dimensional display, and displaying the process of deformation development of the high and steep slope; deformation information of the whole high and steep slope can be rapidly and accurately mastered; and the engineering safety construction in the construction period is guaranteed.)

1. A large-scale high and steep slope monitoring method based on an air-ground stereo technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:

firstly, carrying out regional overall monitoring by adopting satellite-borne Insar to obtain a local side slope with large potential deformation;

secondly, arranging a crack meter at a crack place aiming at a local side slope with large potential deformation, and observing the crack development condition of the local side slope by utilizing unmanned aerial vehicle photography;

thirdly, carrying out local slope deformation monitoring by using unmanned aerial vehicle photography and GPS equipment under the atmospheric refraction correction condition;

step four, monitoring local slope surface deformation by adopting a Beidou GNSS;

fifthly, laying stay wire type displacement meters in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the high-risk local side slope, and monitoring the displacement of the rock and soil body;

step six, arranging a plurality of sensors which are arranged by adopting a drilling method in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the high-risk local side slope, and monitoring the deep displacement of the local side slope;

and seventhly, converting the deformation monitoring result into a three-dimensional form according to the three-dimensional display requirement, and displaying the process of the deformation development of the high and steep slope by taking time as an axis.

2. The large-scale high and steep slope monitoring method based on the air-space-ground stereo technology according to claim 1, wherein the satellite-borne InSAR obtains deformation information through an interference phase difference of two echo signals of the same target.

3. The large-scale high and steep slope monitoring method based on air-ground stereo technology according to claim 2, wherein the phase in the interferometry comprises 5 parts, which are a flat ground phase, a terrain phase, a deformation phase, an atmospheric phase and a noise phase.

4. The large-scale high and steep slope monitoring method based on the air-space-ground stereoscopic technology according to claim 1, wherein the method for acquiring the local slope crack development condition in the second step is to acquire phase control points and image data in different periods by utilizing unmanned aerial vehicle camera observation to acquire the local slope crack development condition with high risk.

5. The large-scale high and steep slope monitoring method based on sky-ground stereo technology according to claim 1,

arranging monitoring points at positions where obvious deformation is generated on the front edge, the rear edge and the like of the side slope, installing a GPS signal receiver and a total station target prism, setting one monitoring point as a monitoring point of the target prism, setting the other monitoring point as a monitoring point position of a GPS RTK receiver, placing GPS receiver antennas on the other monitoring points, ensuring that a detected datum point can be arranged in a relatively stable area which is 30m away from the side slope body, erecting the GPS receiver and the GPS RTK reference station receiver on the datum point, performing static monitoring on the datum point by using RTK positioning of the unmanned aerial vehicle based on image data of the unmanned aerial vehicle at different periods, acquiring a position coordinate of the datum point, performing dynamic continuous monitoring on the monitoring points, and recording the deformation condition of the side slope in real time; the unmanned plane slope deformation monitoring specifically comprises the following arrangement;

step 3.1, adjusting the machine on time, debugging and measuring equipment, and connecting an aerial camera for power-on inspection;

step 3.2, after entering the parking measurement area, firstly carrying out test flight and test shooting, determining a flight boundary, and adjusting aerial photography oblique photography input parameters through a test shooting image;

3.3, uniformly distributing image control points in the field, manually drawing by adopting spray paint during layout, and carrying out static measurement on the image control points through RTK;

3.4, after the oblique photography of the unmanned aerial vehicle is finished, timely transferring relevant data to a mobile hard disk, and preliminarily arranging and filing aerial photographs;

step 3.5, performing atmospheric refraction correction on the unmanned aerial vehicle image, wherein correction delta r of image points caused by atmospheric refraction in the radiation direction is as follows:

in the formula, r isIs a radial direction with the image bottom point as a pole; f is the principal distance of the camera; r is_fIs the angle of refraction difference; r is_fCan be calculated from the refractive index of the atmosphere above ground and at a height H; the radiation distance of the image point error tunnel image point caused by atmospheric refraction is increased, so that the formula of the image point coordinate correction value caused by atmospheric refraction difference is as follows:

wherein dx is x-direction correction, dy is y-direction correction, x₂,y₂Is the coordinate of the image point before atmospheric refraction correction;

step 3.6, processing the unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photographic image, importing an image control point image in control point editing, submitting a project and establishing a three-dimensional geological model;

and 3.7, displaying the three-dimensional geological model, outputting the contour line of the measurement field, and interpolating to obtain the displacement field by comparing the contour line data of the two aerial survey before and after.

6. The method for monitoring the large scale high and steep slope based on the air-ground stereoscopic technology as claimed in claim 5, wherein the oblique photography input parameters in step 3.2 include preset flying height, course overlapping degree and side overlapping degree.

7. The large-scale high and steep slope monitoring method based on the air-space-ground stereo technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fourth specific steps are as follows:

for a high-risk local side slope, Beidou terminal equipment is arranged at the top of the slope on a monitoring section to form a plurality of deformation monitoring points; 1, selecting a position with stable geological conditions and wide visual field around the engineering to lay 1 datum point; the Beidou GNSS technology is adopted for all-weather deformation monitoring, and in the monitoring process, information obtained by a Beidou terminal arranged on the ground surface is transferred to a data analysis processing subsystem by utilizing the communication function of a Beidou system, so that the longitude and latitude and the elevation of a measuring point are calculated.

8. The large-scale high and steep slope monitoring method based on the air-ground stereoscopic technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensor in the sixth step is an inclinometer.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to a large-scale high and steep slope monitoring method based on an air-ground three-dimensional technology.

Background

In recent years, a large amount of large-scale high and steep slopes in the fields of civil engineering, traffic, hydropower and the like are produced at the same time. The large-scale high and steep side slope is a high-risk construction project and faces severe challenges of complex engineering geological conditions, high construction difficulty, high technical requirements, relatively deficient safety control technology and the like. The integrated monitoring technology and method for the air, space and ground are adapted to new capital construction and informatization development trends of China, the engineering construction slope stability and foundation deformation can be effectively controlled, the engineering safety construction in the construction period is guaranteed, and the safety construction and operation of large-scale high and steep slope engineering can be effectively guaranteed.

Disclosure of Invention

To achieve the above object, the present invention relates to:

a large-scale high and steep slope monitoring method based on an air-ground stereo technology comprises the following steps:

firstly, carrying out regional overall monitoring by adopting satellite-borne Insar to obtain a local side slope with large potential deformation and high risk;

secondly, arranging a crack meter at a crack place aiming at a local side slope with large potential deformation, and observing the crack development condition of the local side slope with high risk by utilizing unmanned aerial vehicle photography;

thirdly, carrying out high-risk local slope deformation monitoring by using unmanned aerial vehicle photography and GPS equipment under the atmospheric refraction correction condition;

step four, monitoring local slope surface deformation by adopting a Beidou GNSS;

fifthly, laying stay wire type displacement meters in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the high-risk local side slope, and monitoring the displacement of the rock and soil body;

step six, arranging a plurality of sensors in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the high-risk local side slope to monitor the deep displacement of the local side slope by adopting the drilling arrangement sensors;

and seventhly, converting the deformation monitoring result into a three-dimensional form according to the three-dimensional display requirement, and displaying the process of the deformation development of the high and steep slope by taking time as an axis.

Furthermore, the satellite-borne InSAR acquires deformation information through the interference phase difference of two echo signals of the same target.

Further, the phase in the interferometry includes 5 portions, which are a flat phase, a terrain phase, a deformation phase, an atmospheric phase, and a noise phase.

Further, the method for acquiring the local side slope crack development condition in the second step is to acquire phase control points and image data in different periods by utilizing unmanned aerial vehicle camera shooting observation, and acquire the local side slope crack development condition with high risk.

Further, in the third step, monitoring points are arranged at positions where obvious deformation is generated on the front edge, the rear edge and the like of the side slope, a GPS signal receiver and a total station target prism are installed, one monitoring point is set as a monitoring point of the target prism, the other monitoring point is set as a monitoring point position of a GPS RTK receiver, GPS receiver antennas are placed on the other monitoring points, it is ensured that a detected reference point can be arranged in a relatively stable area which is 30m away from the side slope body, the GPS receiver and the GPS RTK reference station receiver are erected on the reference point, based on image data of the unmanned aerial vehicle in different periods, the unmanned aerial vehicle RTK positioning is utilized to complete static monitoring on the reference point, position coordinates of the reference point are obtained, dynamic continuous monitoring is carried out on the monitoring points, and the deformation condition of the side slope is recorded in real time; the unmanned plane slope deformation monitoring specifically comprises the following arrangement.

Step 3.1, adjusting the machine on time, debugging and measuring equipment, and connecting an aerial camera for power-on inspection;

step 3.2, after entering the parking measurement area, firstly carrying out test flight and test shooting, determining a flight boundary, and adjusting aerial photography oblique photography input parameters through a test shooting image;

3.3, uniformly distributing image control points in the field, manually drawing by adopting spray paint during layout, and carrying out static measurement on the image control points through RTK;

3.4, after the oblique photography of the unmanned aerial vehicle is finished, timely transferring relevant data to a mobile hard disk, and preliminarily arranging and filing aerial photographs;

step 3.5, performing atmospheric refraction correction on the unmanned aerial vehicle image, wherein the correction of image points caused by atmospheric refraction in the radiation direction is as follows:

in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,is a radial direction with the image bottom point as a pole; f is the principal distance of the camera; r is_fIs the angle of refraction difference; r is_fCan be calculated from the refractive index of the atmosphere above ground and at a height H. The radiation distance of the image point error tunnel image point caused by atmospheric refraction is increased, so that the formula of the image point coordinate correction value caused by atmospheric refraction difference is as follows:

wherein dx is x-direction correction, dy is y-direction correction, x₂,y₂Is the coordinate of the image point before atmospheric refraction correction;

step 3.6, processing the unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photographic image, importing an image control point image in control point editing, submitting a project and establishing a three-dimensional geological model;

and 3.7, displaying the three-dimensional geological model, outputting the contour line of the measurement field, and interpolating to obtain the displacement field by comparing the contour line data of the two aerial survey before and after.

Further, the input parameters of the oblique photography in the step 3.2 include preset flying height, course overlapping degree and side overlapping degree.

Further, the fourth specific step is as follows:

for a high-risk local side slope, Beidou terminal equipment is arranged at the top of the slope on a monitoring section to form a plurality of deformation monitoring points; 1, selecting a position with stable geological conditions and wide visual field around the engineering to lay 1 datum point; the Beidou GNSS technology is adopted for all-weather deformation monitoring, in the monitoring process, based on information obtained by a Beidou terminal arranged on the ground surface, the communication function of a Beidou system is utilized to transfer the information to a data analysis processing subsystem, and the longitude and latitude and the elevation of a measuring point are calculated, so that the full-automatic all-weather continuous monitoring of the slope surface deformation is realized.

Further, the sensor in the sixth step is an inclinometer.

In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

(1) according to the large-scale high and steep slope monitoring method based on the air-space-ground three-dimensional technology, the InSAR technology, the Beidou, the unmanned aerial vehicle and the surface and underground deep sensors are used for cooperatively monitoring the high and steep slope from the sky to the ground, and meanwhile, the monitoring result is visually displayed in a three-dimensional visual mode, so that the deformation information of the whole high and steep slope can be rapidly and accurately mastered.

(2) The large-scale high and steep slope monitoring method based on the air-space-ground stereo technology can effectively control engineering construction slope stability and foundation deformation, guarantee engineering safety construction in a construction period, and effectively guarantee safety construction and operation of large-scale high and steep slope engineering.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a plan view of a particular industrial park;

FIG. 3 is a design diagram of slope ratio of filling a side slope in an industrial park;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a cable-stayed fracture gauge according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the monitoring of slope critical position deformation in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic layout view of a pull-wire type displacement meter according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of inclinometers according to the preferred embodiment of the invention;

the scores in the figure indicate respectively: 1-crack meter, 2-crack, 3-satellite, 4-measuring boundary, 5-image control point, 6-stay wire type displacement meter and 7-inclinometer.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, the present embodiment is based on the research and selection of an industrial park, the site planned for the industrial park is the landform of hilly valley, the topography has large fluctuation, the maximum elevation difference reaches 198 m, and the mountain cutting and trench filling are required to make the land. The park site is divided into A, B, C, D, E, F, G seven subareas, and each subarea forms an industrial terrace development mode according to the landform and the landform of the site (figure 2). The ground is leveled and needs to be dug to be high and filled to be low, and the slope is cut to fill the ditch, so that a high cut slope and a high fill are formed. And (3) digging the side slope by adopting upward grading slope release, wherein the height of each grade of side slope is 8 meters, a platform with the width of 2 meters is additionally arranged on two adjacent grades, and the grading slope release rate is 1:0.75 or 1:1 until the side slope is released to the top of the slope. The filling side slope adopts downward grading slope release, the slope rate of each grade of side slope is 1:2 or 1:2.5, the height is 8-12 meters, and platforms with the width of 2-10 meters are additionally arranged on two adjacent grades until the filling side slope is released to the original ground (figure 3).

Aiming at the site planned for the industrial park, the large-scale high and steep slope monitoring method based on the air-space-ground three-dimensional technology comprises the following steps:

firstly, carrying out regional overall monitoring by adopting satellite-borne Insar to obtain a local side slope with large potential deformation and high risk;

secondly, observing the development condition of the local side slope cracks with high risk by using unmanned aerial vehicle photography;

thirdly, carrying out high-risk local slope deformation monitoring by using unmanned aerial vehicle photography and GPS equipment under the atmospheric refraction correction condition; arranging monitoring points at positions where obvious deformation is generated on the front edge, the rear edge and the like of the side slope, installing a GPS signal receiver and a total station target prism, setting one monitoring point as a monitoring point of the target prism, setting the other monitoring point as a monitoring point position of a GPS RTK receiver, placing GPS receiver antennas on the other monitoring points, ensuring that a detected datum point can be arranged in a relatively stable area which is 30m away from the side slope body, erecting the GPS receiver and the GPS RTK reference station receiver on the datum point, completing static monitoring on the datum point by utilizing RTK positioning of an unmanned aerial vehicle based on image data of different periods of the unmanned aerial vehicle, acquiring a position coordinate of the datum point, carrying out dynamic continuous monitoring on the monitoring points, and recording the deformation condition of the side slope in real time (figure 5); the unmanned plane slope deformation monitoring specifically comprises the following arrangement.

Step four, monitoring local slope surface deformation by adopting a Beidou GNSS; the fourth concrete step is as follows:

for a high-risk local side slope, Beidou terminal equipment is arranged at the top of the slope on a monitoring section to form a plurality of deformation monitoring points; 1, selecting a position with stable geological conditions and wide visual field around the engineering to lay 1 datum point; the Beidou GNSS technology is adopted for all-weather deformation monitoring, in the monitoring process, based on information obtained by a Beidou terminal arranged on the ground surface, the communication function of a Beidou system is utilized to transfer the information to a data analysis processing subsystem, and the longitude and latitude and the elevation of a measuring point are calculated, so that the full-automatic all-weather continuous monitoring of the slope surface deformation is realized.

Fifthly, laying stay wire type displacement meters in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the high-risk local side slope, and monitoring rock and soil body displacement (figure 6);

step six, arranging a plurality of drilling arrangement sensors (such as inclinometers) in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction of the high-risk local side slope to monitor the deep displacement of the local side slope (figure 7);

and seventhly, converting the deformation monitoring result into a three-dimensional form according to the three-dimensional display requirement, and displaying the process of the deformation development of the high and steep slope by taking time as an axis.

The satellite-borne InSAR acquires deformation information through the interference phase difference of two echo signals of the same target.

The phase in the interferometry includes 5 components, which are the land phase, the terrain phase, the deformation phase, the atmospheric phase, and the noise phase, respectively.

The step 2 specifically comprises the following steps: aiming at local side slopes with large potential deformation and high risk, crack gauges (figure 4) are arranged at places with cracks, phase control points and image data in different periods are observed and obtained by utilizing the high-definition camera shooting technology of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the development condition of the local side slope cracks with high risk is obtained.

Step 3.1, adjusting the machine on time, debugging and measuring equipment, and connecting an aerial camera for power-on inspection;

step 3.2, after entering the parking measurement area, firstly carrying out test flight and test shooting, determining a flight boundary, and adjusting aerial photography oblique photography input parameters through a test shooting image;

step 3.3, uniformly distributing image control points (including control points and check points) in the field, manually drawing by adopting spray paint during laying, and performing static measurement on the image control points through RTK;

3.4, after the oblique photography of the unmanned aerial vehicle is finished, timely transferring relevant data to a mobile hard disk, and preliminarily arranging and filing aerial photographs;

step 3.5, performing atmospheric refraction correction on the unmanned aerial vehicle image, wherein the correction of image points caused by atmospheric refraction in the radiation direction is as follows:

in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,is a radial direction with the image bottom point as a pole; f is the principal distance of the camera; r is_fIs the angle of refraction difference; r is_fCan be calculated from the refractive index of the atmosphere above ground and at a height H. The radiation distance of the image point error tunnel image point caused by atmospheric refraction is increased, so that the formula of the image point coordinate correction value caused by atmospheric refraction difference is as follows:

wherein dx is x-direction correction, dy is y-direction correction, x₂,y₂Is the coordinate of the image point before atmospheric refraction correction;

step 3.6, processing the unmanned aerial vehicle oblique photographic image (through Smart3D software), importing an image control point photo in control point editing, submitting a project and establishing a three-dimensional geological model;

and 3.7, displaying the three-dimensional geological model (through Qinghuashan dimensional EPS software), outputting a contour line of the measurement field, and interpolating to obtain the displacement field by comparing contour line data of two aerial surveys before and after.

And 3.2, inputting parameters of the oblique photography in the step 3.2, wherein the parameters comprise preset flight altitude, course overlapping degree and side overlapping degree.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.