阅读说明：本技术 适宜云南地区的省力化种植管理桃树的方法 (Method suitable for labor-saving planting management of peach trees in Yunnan region ) 是由 左志 李建冲 王建华 李斌东 张幸美 孙兴成 周自文 于 2020-04-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种适宜云南地区的省力化种植管理桃树的方法,涉及桃树种植技术领域。相邻间桃树向左右两个方向倾斜,树冠往不同方向生长,形成“东倒西歪”的树形结构,极大的缩小了株距,增大了种植密度,最大限度的利用光照,增加产量。行间距设置合理,留有足够空间供机械作业,可实现机械打药、机械除草、机械施肥、半机械采摘等田间工作。修剪管理简单粗放,一方面定高进行机械修剪切割,一方面人工修剪作业简单。形成“密植、宽行、高干”的种植模式,“东倒西歪”的树形结构,半机械化半人工的管理模式,大大节约了用工成本,增加了收入,适宜在云南地区进行推广。(The invention discloses a labor-saving peach tree planting and managing method suitable for Yunnan areas, and relates to the technical field of peach tree planting. The peach trees between adjacent trees incline towards the left direction and the right direction, and the crowns grow towards different directions to form a tree structure with a shape of being inclined from east to west, so that the planting distance is greatly reduced, the planting density is increased, the illumination is utilized to the maximum extent, and the yield is increased. The row spacing is reasonably arranged, enough space is reserved for mechanical operation, and field work such as mechanical pesticide spraying, mechanical weeding, mechanical fertilization, semi-mechanical picking and the like can be realized. The trimming management is simple and extensive, on one hand, the height is set for mechanical trimming and cutting, and on the other hand, the manual trimming operation is simple. The planting mode of 'close planting, wide row and high stem', the 'east-falling-west-inclined' tree structure and the semi-mechanized and semi-manual management mode are formed, labor cost is greatly saved, income is increased, and the method is suitable for popularization in Yunnan areas.)

1. The method for labor-saving planting management of peach trees in Yunnan is suitable for the Yunnan area and is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selecting one-to-two-year-old peach trees with complete and developed root systems, no diseases and insect pests, thick stems and plant heights of 80-100 cm;

(2) land leveling: carrying out rotary tillage after the whole garden is deeply turned for 60-80 cm, scattering an organic fertilizer in a range of 0.8-1 m by taking the positions with the row spacing of 4-5 m and the plant spacing of 1-2 m as fertilizing points and taking the fertilizing points as centers, and carrying out mechanical rotary tillage and soil preparation;

(3) planting: excavating planting holes with the row spacing of 4-5 m and the plant spacing of 1-2 m, wherein the depth of the holes is 50-60 cm, and the diameter is 40-50 cm; putting young peach tree seedlings obtained in the step (1) in the soil, backfilling, fixing the height of a pole to be 50-60 cm, and keeping the planting time to be not more than 4 months in the year; the trunk of each peach tree inclines at an angle of 10-20 degrees with the vertical direction, and the inclination directions of adjacent peach trees are opposite;

(4) and (3) tree-shaped culture: in the 6-12 month period of the year, obliquely inserting bamboo poles into young shoots growing to more than 30cm and binding branches to enable the young shoots to be consistent with the main trunk in the oblique direction;

(5) pruning in winter: selecting and reserving an extension head from 12 months to 1 month in the next year, reserving branches growing in the same year with vigorous growth and an angle of 10-20 degrees with the vertical direction, removing all branches on the back, removing all branches below 60cm, slightly retracting the bare branches on two sides, retracting the branches to annual side branches growing on two sides, and horizontally keeping the distance from a trunk to be 60-80 cm;

(6) and (3) conventional trimming management: pruning the peach tree according to a conventional pruning rule of heavy pruning in summer, culturing fruiting branches in autumn, selecting and remaining fruiting branches in winter and re-pruning in spring, and mechanically pruning and cutting the peach tree at the timing of 1.2-1.5 m of a crown, 1.5-1.8 m of a root from a trunk and 3-3.5 m of the tree height;

(7) topdressing: after heavy pruning in summer, performing one-time fertilizer supplement before pruning in autumn, and selecting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 2: 1-2: 1-2 of a fertilizer.

2. The method for labor-saving planting management of peach trees in the suitable Yunnan area as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (6), heavy pruning is carried out after harvesting for 6 months in summer, and the specific method comprises the steps of completely pruning branches on the back, completely pruning branches below 60cm and completely pruning long branches; and (3) performing heavy retraction on all main branches and resultant branch groups with the axial difference larger than 1/2, and leaving 5-8 cm of peg.

3. The method for labor-saving planting management of peach trees in the suitable Yunnan area as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (4) culturing the bearing branches in mid-autumn in the step (6) in 9 months, wherein the method specifically comprises the steps of retracting the bare-grown branches to the annual side branch parts growing on two sides, horizontally keeping the distance from the trunk to be 60-80 cm, completely cutting off the back upper branches and completely cutting off the branches below 60 cm.

4. The method for labor-saving planting management of peach trees in the suitable Yunnan area as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (4) selecting and reserving bearing branches in the winter season in 1 month, specifically selecting and reserving an extension head, reserving current-year branches with vigorous growth and an angle of 10-20 degrees with the vertical direction, fully removing back upper branches, fully removing branches below 60cm, slightly retracting overgrown branches on two sides, retracting to annual side branch parts with growth on two sides, horizontally keeping the distance of 60-80 cm from a trunk, and keeping one branch of 18-20 cm to be properly thinned.

5. The method for labor-saving planting management of peach trees in the suitable Yunnan area as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (4) performing spring re-shearing in the step (6) in 3 months, and properly thinning one branch which is 18-20 cm away.

6. The method for labor-saving planting management of peach trees in the suitable Yunnan area as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the density of the peach trees after planting is 130-140 trees/mu, the occupied space of each formed peach tree is 2-2.5 m, and the height of each peach tree is 3-3.5 m.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of peach tree planting, in particular to a labor-saving peach tree planting and managing method suitable for Yunnan areas.

Background

The Yunnan climate basically belongs to subtropical plateau monsoon type, and has the advantages of obvious three-dimensional climate characteristics, long illumination time, small annual temperature difference, large daily temperature difference, clear dry and wet seasons and obvious abnormal vertical change of air temperature along with the terrain. The average temperature of the whole province is 19-22 ℃ in the hottest (July) month, more than 6-8 ℃ in the coldest (January) month and 10-12 ℃ in the annual temperature difference. The temperature difference in the morning and evening is 12-20 ℃ in the same day, the noon is hot, and particularly in winter and spring.

The peach trees planted in the Yunnan area are long in illumination time, sufficient in illumination, short and warm in winter, the planted peach trees blossom, bear fruits and mature early, the fruit quality is high, the peach trees grow in large quantity, and the peach trees grow for a long period (2-month germination and 12-month leaf falling).

CN107258436A discloses a peach tree planting method, wherein peach tree seedlings are planted according to the density of 3-4m of plant spacing and 3-4m of row spacing, and it can be seen that peach trees are basically planted at equal intervals.

On the other hand, the peach tree is generally trimmed by long branch trimming and short branch trimming methods at present. However, the method is not suitable in Yunnan, and the phenomenon of excessive growth is easy to occur in long-branch pruning, so that the problems of increased pruning times, increased middle and long branches and less short branches are caused, and the flower bud is not good in development. The short branch pruning and over-pruning have the advantages of large pruning amount, more labor, high cost and unsuitability for large-area planting, so a pruning management method suitable for local growth habits needs to be explored to achieve the effects of time saving and labor saving.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a labor-saving planting management method for peach trees suitable for Yunnan areas, which solves the problems that the existing planting method is not suitable for Yunnan areas and illumination is not sufficiently utilized; the management method is used in Yunnan areas, and the problems of excessive growth or large trimming amount and labor are easily caused.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the method for labor-saving planting management of peach trees in Yunnan is suitable for the Yunnan area and is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selecting one-to-two-year-old peach trees with complete and developed root systems, no diseases and insect pests, thick stems and plant heights of 80-100 cm;

(2) land leveling: carrying out rotary tillage after the whole garden is deeply turned for 60-80 cm, scattering an organic fertilizer in a range of 0.8-1 m by taking the positions with the row spacing of 4-5 m and the plant spacing of 1-2 m as fertilizing points and taking the fertilizing points as centers, and carrying out mechanical rotary tillage and soil preparation;

(3) planting: excavating planting holes with the row spacing of 4-5 m and the plant spacing of 1-2 m, wherein the depth of the holes is 50-60 cm, and the diameter is 40-50 cm; putting young peach tree seedlings obtained in the step (1) in the soil, backfilling, fixing the height of a pole to be 50-60 cm, and keeping the planting time to be not more than 4 months in the year; the trunk of each peach tree inclines at an angle of 10-20 degrees with the vertical direction, and the inclination directions of adjacent peach trees are opposite;

(4) and (3) tree-shaped culture: in the 6-12 month period of the year, obliquely inserting bamboo poles into young shoots growing to more than 30cm and binding branches to enable the young shoots to be consistent with the main trunk in the oblique direction;

(5) pruning in winter: selecting and reserving an extension head from 12 months to 1 month in the next year, reserving branches growing in the same year with vigorous growth and an angle of 10-20 degrees with the vertical direction, completely removing branches on the back and upper branches, completely removing branches below 60cm, slightly retracting the branches on two sides to the parts of annual side branches growing on two sides, and horizontally keeping the distance of 60-80 cm from a trunk;

(6) and (3) conventional trimming management: pruning the peach tree according to the conventional pruning rule of heavy pruning in summer, culturing fruiting branches in autumn, selecting and remaining fruiting branches in winter and re-pruning in spring, and mechanically pruning and cutting the peach tree with the fixed crown of 1.2-1.5 m, the root of the peach tree 1.5-1.8 m away from the trunk and the tree height of 3-3.5 m;

(7) topdressing: after heavy pruning in summer, performing one-time fertilizer supplement before pruning in autumn, and selecting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a ratio of 2: 1-2: 1-2 of a fertilizer.

The further technical scheme is that in the step (6), heavy pruning is carried out after harvesting for 6 months in summer, and the specific method comprises the steps of completely pruning branches on the back, completely pruning branches below 60cm and completely pruning bare branches; and (3) performing heavy retraction on all main branches and resultant branch groups with the axial difference larger than 1/2, and leaving 5-8 cm of peg.

The further technical scheme is that the fruit branch cultivation in autumn in the step (6) is carried out in 9 months, and the specific method is that bare branches retract, the bare branches retract to annual side branch parts growing on two sides, the horizontal distance from a trunk is 60-80 cm, branches on the back are all cut off, and branches below 60cm are all cut off.

The method comprises the following steps of (6) selecting and reserving bearing branches in winter in 1 month, wherein a specific method comprises the steps of selecting and reserving an extension head, reserving branches growing vigorously in the current year and forming an angle of 10-20 degrees with the vertical direction, completely removing branches on the back, completely removing branches below 60cm, slightly retracting the branches growing at two sides to the parts of annual side branches growing at two sides, keeping the horizontal distance of 60-80 cm from a trunk, and keeping one branch of 18-20 cm properly removed.

The further technical scheme is that in the step (6), spring re-shearing is carried out in 3 months, part of branches are thinned, and one branch with the length of 18-20 cm is properly thinned.

The further technical scheme is that the density of the peach trees subjected to field planting is 130-140 trees/mu, the occupied space of each formed tree is 2-2.5 m, and the height of each tree is 3-3.5 m.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the peach trees between adjacent trees incline towards the left direction and the right direction, and the crowns grow towards different directions to form a tree structure with a shape of being inclined from east to west, so that the planting distance is greatly reduced, the planting density is increased, the illumination is utilized to the maximum extent, and the yield is increased.

2. The row spacing is reasonably set, enough space is reserved for mechanical operation, field work such as mechanical insecticide spraying, mechanical weeding, mechanical fertilization and semi-mechanical picking can be realized, and compared with the traditional management mode, 7 workers can be saved per mu, 560 yuan per mu is met, and 8400 yuan per hectare is saved;

3. the trimming management is simple and extensive, on one hand, the height is fixed for mechanical trimming and cutting, on the other hand, the manual trimming operation is simple, the trimming method can save 1 labor per mu once, and compared with the original trimming method, the trimming method can save 80 yuan per mu, the cost of each hectare is saved by 1200 yuan, and the cost of 4 times of trimming per hectare is saved by 4800 yuan.

4. The planting mode of 'close planting, wide row and high stem', the 'east-falling-west-inclined' tree structure and the semi-mechanized and semi-manual management mode are formed, labor cost is greatly saved, income is increased, and the method is suitable for popularization in Yunnan areas.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a real view of a peach garden after peach trees are planted in the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.