阅读说明：本技术 一种用于石漠化地区的火棘种植方法 (Pyracantha fortuneana planting method for rocky desertification area ) 是由 那志和 于 2020-04-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于石漠化地区的火棘种植方法,步骤如下：(1)选取石漠化山地作为火棘种植穴坑,每个穴坑规格为4m×4m,深耕穴坑,深耕后曝晒。(2)曝晒后在土壤底部填铺保水性土壤改良剂,回填土壤,连续淋浇土壤40-60天,调节土壤pH值,在调节后土壤上种植苜蓿草,种植一年后割除,获得改良后的土壤。(3)选取5年整株火棘为砧木,采用截枝式修剪方式,在靠近顶部主枝干与侧枝连接处接枝条,在连接处喷促生液,用草绳进行绑扎固定。(4)接枝完成后,待火棘成活5个月后,将整株火棘移栽至穴坑内。(5)火棘移栽成活后,采用水肥一体化技术,对火棘同时施用有机-无机复混肥及水。(The invention discloses a pyracantha fortuneana planting method for a rocky desertification area, which comprises the following steps of (1) selecting a rocky desertification area as pyracantha fortuneana planting holes, wherein the specification of each hole is 4m × 4m, deeply ploughing the holes, solarizing after deep ploughing, (2) filling a water-retaining soil conditioner at the bottom of soil after solarization, backfilling the soil, continuously pouring the soil for 40-60 days, adjusting the pH value of the soil, planting alfalfa on the adjusted soil, cutting off after planting for one year, obtaining the improved soil, (3) selecting a whole plant of pyracantha fortuneana in 5 years as a stock, adopting a branch-cutting mode, grafting strips at the joint of a main branch near the top and side branches, spraying a promoting liquid at the joint, using a straw rope for binding and fixing, (4) grafting, and transplanting the whole plant of pyracantha fortuneana into the holes after the pyracantha fortuneana survive for 5 months, adopting a water and fertilizer integrated technology, and simultaneously applying an organic-water-free compound fertilizer.)

1. A pyracantha fortuneana planting method for a stony desertification area is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selecting a stony desertification mountain land with a relatively flat terrain as pyracantha fortuneana planting holes, wherein the specification of each hole is 4m × 4m, deeply ploughing soil in the holes, and solarizing the deeply ploughed soil;

(2) after solarization, filling a water-retaining soil conditioner at the bottom of the soil, backfilling the soil, continuously pouring the soil for 40-60 days, adjusting the pH value of the soil, finally planting alfalfa on the adjusted soil, and cutting off the alfalfa after planting for one year to obtain the improved soil;

(3) selecting a whole plant of pyracantha fortuneana of 5 years as a stock, adopting a pruning mode, only keeping a first-level branch of a pyracantha fortuneana crown, cutting off the upper part of a main branch, grafting a branch germinated in spring at the joint of the main branch close to the top and a side branch, spraying a growth promoting liquid at the joint, then binding and fixing by using a straw rope, and finishing grafting;

(4) after grafting is finished, transplanting the whole plant of pyracantha fortuneana into the hole after the pyracantha fortuneana survives for 5 months;

(5) after the pyracantha fortuneana is transplanted to survive, the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and water are simultaneously applied to the pyracantha fortuneana by adopting a water-fertilizer integration technology.

2. The method for planting pyracantha fortuneana in stony desertification region according to claim 1, wherein the depth of deep ploughing of the soil in step (1) is 35-50cm, and the soil after deep ploughing is exposed for 15-20 days.

3. The method for planting pyracantha fortuneana in stony desertification area according to claim 1, wherein the soil conditioner in step (2) is lime, the thickness of the lime bedding is 4-6cm, and the pH value of the soil after being adjusted by the lime is 6.2-7.

4. The method for planting pyracantha fortuneana in the stony desertification area according to claim 1, wherein the growth promoting liquid raw material in the step (3) is composed of sugar alcohol, trace elements, vitamins and water, wherein the mass ratio of the sugar alcohol to the trace elements to the vitamins to the water is 1: 1: 1: 1.

5. the method for planting pyracantha fortuneana in stony desertification region according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the growth promoting solution is sprayed on the junction 20-28 times per day within 1-35 days after the completion of pyracantha fortuneana grafting.

6. The method for planting pyracantha fortuneana in stony desertification region according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), 10 kg/plant of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is applied to 1-3 years of pyracantha fortuneana seedlings, 25 kg/plant of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is applied to 4-6 years of pyracantha fortuneana seedlings, and each plant of pyracantha fortuneana is watered by not less than 500 kg.

7. The pyracantha fortuneana planting method for the stony desertification area according to claim 6, wherein the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-6 parts of compound fertilizer and 10-35 parts of bio-organic fertilizer, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing sheep manure and pig manure, and the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing the compound fertilizer and the fermented bio-organic fertilizer.

8. The method for planting pyracantha fortuneana in the stony desertification area according to claim 7, wherein the fermentation method of the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

(1) carrying out high-temperature high-pressure hydrolytic hydrothermal oxidation treatment on the bio-organic fertilizer at the temperature of 193 ℃ and the pressure of 1.25Mpa to break macromolecular chains of the bio-organic fertilizer into small molecular chains.

(2) And adding bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria into the biological organic fertilizer subjected to high-temperature and high-pressure hydrolytic thermal oxidation treatment for fermentation treatment, so that small molecular chains are further degraded.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of plant cultivation, in particular to a pyracantha fortuneana planting method for a stony desertification area.

Background

Stony desertification, also known as rocky desertification, refers to the phenomena of surface soil loss, matrix rock bare, land loss of agricultural utilization value and ecological environment degradation caused by water and soil loss. The stony desertification is a desertification ecological phenomenon which is specific to a wet karst region in southwest of China and is formed on the basis of fragile karst geology, vegetation is degraded and water and soil resources are lost due to unreasonable artificial activities which participate in the natural process of the karst, so that rocks are exposed in a large area, a land degradation phenomenon similar to a desert landscape is presented, and the top-level expression of water and soil loss is realized.

The control of stony desertification requires many measures, such as working out hilllock and forest cultivation, afforesting barren mountains, returning to the farmland, changing the production and living style of the masses, implementing ecological immigration, and the like.

Pyracantha fortuneana (L.) DC; alias: red seeds, fructus cannabis, and rescues grain, produced in east China, and southwest China. The pyracantha fortuneana is an evergreen shrub, has short lateral branches and a sharp thorn at the tip. The leaves are mostly in the shape of inverted egg and long round, and the edges of the leaves are provided with round and blunt teeth. The inflorescence of the compound cymbidium is small and white, the pear is nearly spherical, and the pear is red orange or dark red. The flowering period is 4-5 months. The fruit period is 8-12 months. Growth habit: the plants are happy, drought resistant and barren resistant, and grow on hillsides, roadsides, shrubs and ridges. Moist, loose and fertile loam. And (5) sowing or cuttage propagation. And (4) sowing, namely sowing immediately after the fruit is ripe or sowing in the spring of the next year. The cuttage can be carried out in 2-3 months, and the twig cuttage can also be carried out in rainy season. The water thorn has strong adaptability to stony desertification areas in southwest China, has developed root systems, can enhance the capability of stony desertification for storing water and retaining soil, reduces the water and soil loss area, can lighten the damage of nature to river levees and farmlands, can improve the productivity of the land, increases the crop yield, and achieves the purpose of improving the utilization of the stony desertification land. The planting of the water thorn can play a great role in controlling the stony desertification.

The pyracantha fortuneana has certain medicinal value, soft root and skin, can be used for preparing baked glue leaves and tea substitutes, can clear away heat and toxic materials, promote the production of body fluid to quench thirst, eliminate astringents to stop diarrhea, has high nutritive value of fruits, has large content ratio of nutrient components, particularly amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids required by a human body, and has higher stability to photothermal oxygen and acid and alkali within a certain PH range. It is also a good natural pigment, and its root is medicinal, and mainly treats consumptive disease, idle channel, traumatic injury, and its fruit taste is sour, astringent and sweet, and its main treatment function is to invigorate spleen, eliminate food stagnation, promote blood circulation, stop bleeding, treat spleen and stomach weakness, dyspepsia, diarrhea; the medicinal use of leaves can be used for treating metrorrhagia, anemia, amenorrhea and epidemic conjunctivitis.

The pyracantha fortuneana is discarded without being utilized, and meanwhile, increasingly serious desertification phenomenon is more and more obvious, and the application prospect of combining pyracantha fortuneana planting with desertification control is wide.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the technical defects, the invention aims to provide a pyracantha fortuneana planting method for a stony desertification area.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a pyracantha fortuneana planting method for a stony desertification area, which comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting a stony desertification mountain land with a relatively flat terrain as a pyracantha fortuneana planting hole, wherein the specification of each hole is 4m × 4m, deeply ploughing soil in the holes, and solarizing the deeply ploughed soil.

(2) And (3) filling a water-retaining soil conditioner at the bottom of the soil after solarization, backfilling the soil, continuously pouring the soil for 40-60 days, adjusting the pH value of the soil, finally planting alfalfa on the adjusted soil, and cutting off the alfalfa after planting for one year to obtain the improved soil.

(3) Selecting a whole pyracantha fortuneana which is 5 years old as a stock, adopting a pruning mode, only keeping a first-level branch of a pyracantha fortuneana crown, truncating the upper part of a main branch, grafting a branch germinated in spring at the joint of the main branch close to the top and a side branch, spraying a growth promoting liquid at the joint, then binding and fixing by using a straw rope, and finishing grafting.

(4) After grafting is completed, transplanting the whole plant of pyracantha fortuneana into the hole after the pyracantha fortuneana survives for 5 months.

(5) After the pyracantha fortuneana is transplanted to survive, the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer and water are simultaneously applied to the pyracantha fortuneana by adopting a water-fertilizer integration technology.

Further, the deep ploughing depth of the soil in the step (1) is 35-50cm, and the soil after deep ploughing is exposed for 15-20 days.

Further, the soil conditioner in the step (2) adopts lime, the thickness of lime filling and paving is 4-6cm, and the pH value of the soil after lime adjustment is 6.2-7.

Further, the growth promoting liquid raw material in the step (3) is composed of sugar alcohol, trace elements, vitamins and water, wherein the mass ratio of the sugar alcohol to the trace elements to the vitamins to the water is 1: 1: 1: 1.

further, in the step (3), the growth promoting liquid is applied to the joint for 20-28 times every day within the period of 1-35 days after the completion of the pyracantha fortuneana grafting.

Further, in the step (5), 10kg of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is applied to each of the 1-3 year-old pyracantha seedlings, 25kg of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is applied to each of the 4-6 year-old pyracantha seedlings, and each pyracantha is watered at a rate of not less than 500 kg.

Further, the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-6 parts of compound fertilizer and 10-35 parts of bio-organic fertilizer, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing sheep manure and pig manure, and the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing the compound fertilizer and the fermented bio-organic fertilizer.

Further, the fermentation method of the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

(1) carrying out high-temperature high-pressure hydrolytic hydrothermal oxidation treatment on the bio-organic fertilizer at the temperature of 193 ℃ and the pressure of 1.25Mpa to break macromolecular chains of the bio-organic fertilizer into small molecular chains.

(2) And adding bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria into the biological organic fertilizer subjected to high-temperature and high-pressure hydrolytic thermal oxidation treatment for fermentation treatment, so that small molecular chains are further degraded.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the land is deeply ploughed and solarized, so that pests can be deeply buried, the activity of aerobic microorganisms and the release of nutrients are promoted, and good conditions are created for the growth and development of the pyracantha fortuneana; the soil deep ploughing can loosen the soil, deepen a plough layer, improve the water and gas conditions of the soil, effectively solve the water and gas contradiction in the deep ploughing layer, enhance the water seepage and water storage capacity of the soil, and further improve the drought resistance and fertilizer retention and supply capacity of the soil; after the soil is deeply ploughed, the soil is fully exposed to sunlight, and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced.

(2) The alfalfa is planted on the hole for more than one year, and after the alfalfa is cut off, the alfalfa is buried in the hole, so that the soil is fertile.

(3) The fertilizer used in the invention consists of a compound fertilizer and a biological organic fertilizer, wherein the biological organic fertilizer accounts for the main part, and the compound fertilizer provides necessary nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements for plants as long as sheep manure and pig manure are adopted; the biological organic fertilizer has complete nutrient elements, provides comprehensive nutrients for plants, can improve soil, improve physical and chemical properties of soil, enhance the water retention, fertilizer retention and fertilizer supply capacity of soil, reduce water and soil loss area, enhance the water and soil retention capacity of stony desertification and treat stony desertification; meanwhile, harmful bacteria are inhibited from growing and are converted into beneficial bacteria, and the growth of crops is promoted and regulated; the bio-organic fertilizer improves the porosity, permeability and exchangeability of soil and the survival rate of plants, increases beneficial bacteria, soil microorganisms and population, and increases the yield of pyracantha fortuneana fruits.

(4) Spraying growth promoting liquid at the joint after the pyracantha fortuneana is grafted, wherein the growth promoting liquid is prepared from sugar alcohol, trace elements, vitamins and water according to the weight ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1 proportion, the growth promoting liquid is used for promoting the absorption of various nutrient elements by plants and promoting the growth of the plants.

(5) The method comprises the following steps of carrying out high-temperature high-pressure hydrolysis hydrothermal oxidation treatment on a bio-organic fertilizer raw material, wherein in the high-temperature high-pressure reaction process of organic matters, macromolecular chains of the organic matters are broken into small molecular chains, so that the conversion of a large amount of sugar and humic acid is accelerated, the quality of the bio-organic fertilizer is improved, the fertilizer nutrient is sufficient, bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria are added into the bio-organic fertilizer subjected to high-temperature high-pressure treatment for fermentation treatment, so that the small molecular chains are further degraded and are easily dissolved in water, and the fertilizer can be easily absorbed; when the fertilizer is applied, a water and fertilizer integration technology is adopted, water and fertilizer are synchronously supplied to the pyracantha fortuneana, the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is diluted by water to form a fertilizer-water mixed solution, water and nutrients are uniformly and quantitatively conveyed to a pyracantha fortuneana root system, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.