阅读说明：本技术 一种五指毛桃种子简易的繁殖方法 (Simple method for breeding hispid fig seeds ) 是由 陈英之 黄荣韶 李良波 于 2020-05-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种五指毛桃种子简易的繁殖方法,操作步骤为(1)圃地选择与整地；(2)种子处理：8-9月采集成熟五指毛桃果实,清洗,将饱满种子晾放2天,用赤霉素浸泡,清洗,NaClO溶液浸泡,无菌水冲洗,凉干表面后,备用；(3)播种：种子经赤霉素、NaClO处理晾干种子表面后,当天播种,用洁净细河沙与种子混拌,撒在苗床上,然后撒细土覆盖,覆盖木屑,浇透水,保持畦面湿润；(4)苗期管理。本发明五指毛桃种子繁殖的简易方法操作方法简单,处理成本低,经处理过的种子发芽率明显提高,处理后五指毛桃种子的发芽率比不处理新鲜种子发芽率增加17.8％,比不处理放置30天种子发芽率增加40％。(The invention discloses a simple method for breeding hispid fig seeds, which comprises the following operation steps of (1) garden selection and land preparation; (2) seed treatment: collecting mature hispid fig fruits in 8-9 months, cleaning, airing plump seeds for 2 days, soaking with gibberellin, cleaning, soaking with NaClO solution, washing with sterile water, and air drying the surface for later use; (3) sowing: after the seeds are treated by gibberellin and NaClO and the surfaces of the dried seeds are sown on the same day, clean fine river sand is mixed with the seeds and spread on a seedbed, then fine soil is spread to cover the seeds, wood chips are covered, water is poured thoroughly, and the surface of a ridge is kept wet; (4) and (5) seedling stage management. The simple method for breeding the hispid fig seeds is simple in operation method and low in treatment cost, the germination rate of the treated seeds is obviously improved, and the germination rate of the hispid fig seeds after treatment is increased by 17.8% compared with the germination rate of fresh seeds without treatment and is increased by 40% compared with the germination rate of the seeds which are not treated and are placed for 30 days.)

1. A simple method for breeding hispid fig seeds is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:

(1) selecting and preparing land for nursery;

(2) seed treatment: after the hispid fig fruits are ripe, collecting the fruits in 8-9 months, kneading the pulps to separate seeds from the pulps, removing seed coats, the pulps, impurities and shrunken seeds, airing the full seeds for 2 days, then soaking the seeds in gibberellin, cleaning the seeds, soaking the seeds in NaClO solution with the mass concentration of 3%, washing the seeds with sterile water, and drying the surfaces of the seeds for later use;

(3) sowing: after the seeds are treated by gibberellin and NaClO and the surfaces of the dried seeds are sown in the same day, fine river sand and the seeds are uniformly mixed and stirred, spread on a seedbed, spread with fine soil for covering, covered with wood chips, watered thoroughly, and the surfaces of furrows are kept wet;

(4) and (5) seedling stage management.

2. The propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: selecting sandy loam which has a deep soil layer, is loose and fertile in soil and is flat in terrain, and is convenient for irrigation and drainage to be used as a seedling raising land, selecting the nursery land, applying organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, and then preparing flat beds for seeding.

3. The propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the concentration of the gibberellin is 25ppm, and the soaking time is 12 hours; soaking the mixture in NaClO solution with the mass concentration of 3% for 15 minutes.

4. The propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: repeatedly washing with sterile water for 3-5 times in the step (2).

5. The propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), the fine river sand and the seeds are mixed according to the volume of 5: 1, uniformly mixing and stirring.

6. The propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the fine soil covered in the step (3) is not more than 1cm, and the thickness of the covered wood chips is 3-5 cm.

7. The propagation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) watering in a conventional mode, watering 1 time every day after the seeds germinate, watering once every 2 days after the seedlings grow small leaves, and transplanting when the small seedlings grow to 10-15 cm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a breeding method of hispid fig, in particular to a simple breeding method of hispid fig seeds.

Background

Ficus hirta Vahl, a root of Ficus hirta of Ficus of Moraceae, is a genuine national medicinal material, and is collected in pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China. Radix fici simplicissimae has effects of invigorating spleen, invigorating lung, eliminating heat, and relaxing muscles and tendons, and can be used for treating spleen deficiency, edema, anorexia, asthenia, pulmonary tuberculosis, cough, night sweat, rheumatalgia, puerperal agalactia, etc. As a precious medicinal plant resource, the hispid fig is a raw material of various Chinese patent medicines and is widely applied to clinical treatment. In addition, the hispid fig is also a plant with homology of medicine and food, and can be prepared into health products such as soup bases, health drinks, instant powder and the like. Ficus simplicissima lour is a small arbor and mostly grows in irrigated valleys, forest edges, sparse forests, mountain slope forest edges or open places near villages with elevation of 500-.

At present, less artificial planting of Ficus Simplicissima is performed, and the source of medicinal materials mainly depends on wild resources. In recent years, with the increase of demand of Ficus Simplicissima and the drive of economic benefits, Ficus Simplicissima is dug by people in a plunder manner, so that wild resources of Ficus Simplicissima are gradually exhausted, the situation of short supply and short demand appears in the market, and huge pressure is also caused to the environment and resources. In order to meet the market demand, artificial propagation and popularization of the hispid fig are imperative.

At present, the five-finger wild peach breeding method comprises 3 methods: seed propagation, cutting propagation and tissue culture rapid propagation. However, the root system is weak and small, the variety is degraded in the process of the growth of the cutting seedling, the qualified hispid fig medicinal material meeting the market requirement is difficult to form, the tissue culture investment is overlarge, the cost is high, the transplanting survival rate is low, and a systematic effective culture method is difficult to form. Therefore, the production of the radix fici simplicissimae medicinal material adopts seeds for propagation, but the seeds have the problems of uneven quality, short service life and low germination rate.

The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a simple method for breeding hispid fig seeds, which comprises the steps of collecting mature hispid fig seeds in 8-9 months, performing surface disinfection treatment on the seeds, and then sowing. The method is simple and easy to implement, and can effectively improve the germination rate of the hispid fig seeds.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

a simple method for breeding hispid fig seeds comprises the following operation steps:

(1) selecting and preparing land for nursery;

(2) seed treatment: after the Ficus simplicissima lour fruits are ripe, collecting the fruits in 8-9 months, repeatedly kneading the pulps in clear water to separate the seeds from the pulps, immersing full seeds in water, rinsing with clear water to remove seed coats, pulps, impurities and flat seeds, airing the full seeds precipitated in the water for 2 days, then soaking with gibberellin, cleaning with clear water for 3 times, soaking with a NaClO solution with the mass concentration of 3%, washing with sterile water, and drying the surface for later use;

(3) sowing: after the seeds are treated by gibberellin and NaClO and aired on the surfaces of the seeds, the seeds are sowed on the same day, the hispid fig seeds are fine, clean fine river sand is uniformly mixed with the seeds to avoid uneven sowing, the mixture is uniformly and lightly scattered on a seedbed with high terrain and good drainage, then a layer of fine soil is scattered to cover the seeds, the thickness of the fine soil is not more than 1cm, a layer of sawdust is covered, water is thoroughly poured, and the surface of a furrow is kept moist;

(4) and (5) seedling stage management.

Preferably, the nursery land selection and soil preparation in the step (1) is as follows: the sandy loam which has a deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and flat terrain and is convenient for irrigation and drainage is selected as a seedling raising land, after the nursery land is selected, organic fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer in the land preparation, and then the land preparation is carried out to form a flat bed for seeding.

Preferably, the gibberellin concentration in the step (2) is 25ppm, and the soaking time is 12 hours; soaking the mixture in NaClO solution with the mass concentration of 3% for 15 minutes.

Preferably, the sterile water is repeatedly washed 3-5 times in the step (2).

Preferably, the clean fine river sand in step (3) is mixed with the seeds in a volume of 5: 1, uniformly mixing and stirring.

Preferably, the thickness of the fine soil covered in the step (3) is not more than 1cm, and the thickness of the covered wood chips is 3-5 cm.

Preferably, the seedling management in the step (4) is to water in a conventional mode, water is poured for 1 time every day after seeds germinate, water is poured for 2 days after seedlings grow small leaves, and the seedlings are transplanted when the seedlings grow to 10-15 cm.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the simple method for breeding the hispid fig seeds is simple in operation method and low in treatment cost, the germination rate of the treated seeds is obviously improved, and the germination rate of the hispid fig seeds after treatment is increased by 17.8% compared with the germination rate of fresh seeds without treatment and is increased by 40% compared with the germination rate of the seeds which are not treated and are placed for 30 days.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description is to be read in connection with specific embodiments, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. The raw materials used in the examples were all commercially available unless otherwise specified.