阅读说明：本技术 一种大麦类作物专用的促生防病菌剂及其制备方法和应用 (Growth-promoting and disease-preventing microbial agent special for barley crops and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 李雪萍 李建宏 姚拓 李敏权 于 2020-04-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种大麦类作物专用的促生防病菌剂,是由以下原料制备得到的：假单孢菌菌株发酵液、蜡样芽孢杆菌菌株发酵液、蕈状芽孢杆菌菌株发酵液、腐熟的秸秆、马铃薯渣、食用菌渣、泥炭、稀土凹凸棒粉、腐殖酸、黄腐酸钾、硫酸镁；并提供了其制备方法和应用。本发明有益效果为：菌剂适用于大麦、青稞等大麦类作物种植,其中所含的活性菌株能够很好地在大麦类作物根系表面及根际土壤中存活,与大麦类作物共生匹配性好,具有拮抗病原真菌、增加土壤有效磷素含量、生物固氮、分泌植物激素等功效,可以起到促进大麦类作物生长、防治病害发生、提高大麦类作物对不良环境胁迫耐受能力的作用,同时还具有绿色环保、经济实惠、持续性好等优点。(The invention discloses a special growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum for barley crops, which is prepared from the following raw materials: pseudomonas strain fermentation liquor, Bacillus cereus strain fermentation liquor, Bacillus mycoides strain fermentation liquor, thoroughly decomposed straw, potato residue, edible fungus residue, peat, rare earth attapulgite powder, humic acid, potassium fulvate and magnesium sulfate; and provides a preparation method and application thereof. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the microbial inoculum is suitable for planting barley crops such as barley, highland barley and the like, wherein the contained active strains can well survive on the root system surface of the barley crops and in the rhizosphere soil, have good symbiotic matching with the barley crops, have the effects of antagonizing pathogenic fungi, increasing the effective phosphorus content of the soil, fixing nitrogen by organisms, secreting phytohormones and the like, can play a role in promoting the growth of the barley crops, preventing and treating diseases and improving the tolerance of the barley crops to adverse environmental stress, and also has the advantages of environmental protection, economy, good persistence and the like.)

1. A special growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum for barley crops is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of Pseudomonas sp.xp-2 strain fermentation liquor, 5-10 parts of Bacillus cereus Xp-4 strain fermentation liquor, 5-10 parts of Bacillus mycoides Gnyt1 strain fermentation liquor, 25-35 parts of thoroughly decomposed straw, 15-20 parts of potato residue, 10-20 parts of edible fungus residue, 5-10 parts of peat, 5-10 parts of rare earth attapulgite powder, 5-10 parts of humic acid, 2-5 parts of potassium fulvate and 1-2 parts of magnesium sulfate.

2. The growth-promoting and disease-preventing microbial inoculum special for barley crops according to claim 1 is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of Pseudomonas sp.xp-2 strain fermentation liquor, 5 parts of Bacillus cereus Xp-4 strain fermentation liquor, 10 parts of Bacillus mycoides Gnyt1 strain fermentation liquor, 30 parts of thoroughly decomposed straw, 15 parts of potato residue, 10 parts of edible fungus residue, 10 parts of peat, 5 parts of rare earth attapulgite powder, 5 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of potassium fulvate and 2 parts of magnesium sulfate.

3. The special growth-promoting and disease-preventing microbial inoculum for barley crops as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the Pseudomonas sp.xp-2 strain has a preservation number of CCTCC M2018753; the preservation number of the Bacillus cereus Xp-4 strain is CCTCC M2018751; the bacillus mycoides Gnyt1 strain has a preservation number of CCTCC M2017177.

4. The growth-promoting and disease-preventing microbial inoculum special for barley crops as claimed in claim 3, wherein the decomposed straw is one or more of corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw and other cereal crop straw, before use, the straw is added with water to stack and decompose, the moisture content is kept between 40% and 65% in the decomposition process, and the straw is fermented in a closed state for more than 60 days to fully decompose; thoroughly decomposed and dried in the sun, so that the water content of the mixture is less than or equal to 10%, and the mixture is crushed and sieved by a 100-200-mesh sieve.

5. The special growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum for barley crops according to claim 3, wherein the potato residues are wastes from potato processing, impurities are removed before use, the potato residues are fully dried in the sun or in the oven to ensure that the water content is less than or equal to 10%, and the potato residues are crushed and sieved by a 100-200-mesh sieve; the edible mushroom residues are one or a mixture of more of mushroom residues, oyster mushroom residues, needle mushroom residues and agaricus bisporus residues, the mushroom residues with obvious mildewing, stones and plastic impurities are picked out before use, the mushroom residues are fully dried in the sun, the water content of the mushroom residues is less than or equal to 10%, and the mushroom residues are ground and sieved by a 100-200-mesh sieve.

6. The special growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum for barley crops as claimed in claim 3, wherein before use, the peat is subjected to impurity removal, is fully dried in the sun or in the oven to ensure that the water content is less than or equal to 10%, and is crushed and then sieved by a 100-200-mesh sieve; the rare earth attapulgite powder, humic acid and potassium fulvate are crushed before use and are sieved by a sieve of 100-200 meshes; the magnesium sulfate has purity of industrial grade and above.

7. The preparation method of the growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum special for the barley crops according to claim 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) preparing a special growth-promoting and disease-preventing microbial inoculum carrier for barley crops:

uniformly mixing thoroughly decomposed straw, potato residue, edible fungus residue, peat, rare earth attapulgite powder, humic acid, potassium fulvate and magnesium sulfate according to a ratio, sterilizing at the temperature of 121 ℃ and the pressure of 0.1MPa for 2 hours, cooling to room temperature, and preparing into a sterilized carrier for later use;

2) preparing L B liquid culture medium, inoculating Pseudomonas sp.Xp-2 strain, Bacillus cereus Xp-4 strain, and Bacillus mycoides respectivelyThe strain Gnyt1 and the inoculum size are both 5%, the strain is cultured for 36-48 hours at the temperature of 28-32 ℃ and the rotation speed of a shaker of 180r/min, the concentration of the viable bacteria in the culture solution is monitored in real time, and when the concentration of the viable bacteria in the culture solution of Pseudomonas sp.xp-2 strain, Bacillus cereus Xp-4 strain and Bacillus mycoides Gnyt1 strain reaches 10⁹Terminating the culture for later use when cfu/m L is needed;

3) uniformly mixing the sterilized carrier obtained in the step 1) and the culture bacterial liquid obtained in the step 2) according to a ratio under an aseptic condition, keeping the aseptic condition, and culturing at 28-32 ℃ for 5-9 days to obtain the growth-promoting anti-disease microbial agent special for the barley crops.

8. The preparation method of the special growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum for barley crops according to claim 7, wherein in the preparation method of the special growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum carrier for barley crops, decomposed straw, potato residue, edible fungus residue, peat, rare earth attapulgite powder, humic acid, potassium fulvate and magnesium sulfate are treated according to the following operations: in the decomposed straw treatment, the straws are added with water and piled up to be decomposed, the moisture content is kept between 40 and 65 percent in the whole decomposition process, the straws are fermented in a closed way for more than 60 days, dried after being decomposed to ensure that the moisture content is less than or equal to 10 percent, crushed and sieved by a sieve of 100 to 200 meshes for later use; in the treatment of the potato residue, impurities are removed, the potato residue is fully dried in the sun or dried to ensure that the water content is less than or equal to 10 percent, and the potato residue is crushed and sieved by a 100-200-mesh sieve for later use; in the treatment of the edible fungus residues, the edible fungus residues with obvious mildewing, stones and plastic sundries are picked and removed, the edible fungus residues are fully dried in the sun, the water content of the edible fungus residues is less than or equal to 10 percent, and the edible fungus residues are crushed and sieved by a 100-200-mesh sieve for later use; in the peat treatment, impurities in peat are removed, the peat is fully dried to ensure that the water content is less than or equal to 10 percent, and the peat is crushed and sieved by a 100-200-mesh sieve for later use; in the treatment of the rare earth attapulgite powder, humic acid, potassium fulvate and magnesium sulfate, the rare earth attapulgite powder, the humic acid, the potassium fulvate and the magnesium sulfate are crushed and sieved by a sieve of 100-200 meshes for later use.

9. The application of the special growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum for the barley crops in the barley planting process according to claim 3, wherein the special growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum for the barley crops is used for dressing seeds during the barley crop planting, and the using amount and the using method are as follows:

A) ploughing, loosening and leveling the land in advance;

B) preparing barley crop seeds, putting the barley crop seeds into a clean seed mixer, and adding the special growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum for barley crops, wherein the addition amount of the microbial inoculum is 3-6 kg per 100 kg of seeds;

C) adding a proper amount of sterile water or cold boiled water, and fully and uniformly stirring until the microbial inoculum is completely adhered to the seeds;

D) the mixed seeds are dried to be loose under the conditions of shade and shade;

E) sowing according to a conventional method.

10. The application of the special growth-promoting and disease-preventing microbial inoculum for the barley crops in the barley planting process according to claim 3, wherein the special growth-promoting and disease-preventing microbial inoculum for the barley crops is used for additional fertilization or disease prevention of the barley crops in seedling stage, and the using amount and the using method are as follows:

a) removing weeds in the field in advance;

b) ditching is carried out between rows of the barley crops sowed by the drill, and the growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum special for the barley crops is applied in an amount of 10-20 kg per mu.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural biology, in particular to a growth-promoting and disease-preventing microbial inoculum special for barley crops, and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The barley crop is a general term for annual herbaceous plants of Gramineae and Hordeum. The method is one of the oldest planted crops in the world, has multiple purposes of eating, feeding, brewing, medicinal use and the like, has strong adaptability, and is planted in all parts of China. The medicinal value of barley has been found by ancient people in China for a long time, the barley has the effects of regulating middle energizer and stopping diarrhea according to the records of Tang materia medica, and the barley has the effects of relieving chest stuffiness, cooling blood, removing food retention and eating according to the records of Ben materia medica. Modern nutrition studies prove that the barley is rich in nutritional ingredients, and each 100 g of barley contains 10.2 g of protein, 1.4 g of fat, 63.4 g of carbohydrate, 9.9 g of dietary fiber, 66 mg of calcium, 381 mg of phosphorus and 6.4 mg of iron. In addition, the barley embryo bud also contains vitamins, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, allantoin and the like, and the content of vitamin B1 in barley embryo bud is smaller and more. With the progress of research, the value of barley has been more and more recognized. On the other hand, barley, which is a crop with a high nitrogen demand, has the problem of excessive use of chemical fertilizer in the planting process. In addition, the problem of frequent diseases caused by the concentrated and continuous planting has also raised extensive attention and concern. Therefore, how to plant the barley more green and environment-friendly and how to safely and effectively prevent and control the diseases of the barley crops becomes a concern of broad agricultural growers.

Under the background, the agricultural biological agent technology has brought a new hope, and the microbial agent is a live bacterial agent prepared by a certain technical means from target microorganisms (growth-promoting bacteria, biocontrol bacteria and the like), and generally has the effects of improving soil, restoring land capability, preventing soil-borne diseases, maintaining balance of rhizosphere microbial systems, degrading toxic and harmful substances and the like. The agricultural microbial agent is correctly used, so that the aims of reducing the using amount of a chemical fertilizer, increasing the yield of crops, improving the quality of agricultural products and improving soil can be fulfilled, and compared with the traditional chemical pesticide and chemical fertilizer, the agricultural microbial agent is more environment-friendly and has lower cost.

With the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, the problems of food safety and ecological safety are increasingly concerned, and the development of green agriculture becomes a consensus. Green farming processes require that no or minimal (or limited) use be made of chemical fertilizers, chemical pesticides, and other chemicals. It requires that the fertilizer must first protect and promote growth and improve quality of the subject to which it is applied; secondly, the generation and accumulation of harmful substances of the application object are not caused; and thirdly, no adverse effect is caused to the ecological environment. The agricultural microbial agent just conforms to the development concept of green agriculture.

However, the development of agricultural microbial agents is also limited, and the microbial agents are dependent on the active strains contained in the agricultural microbial agents, so that the prerequisites for the functions are that the strains can stably survive and colonize on the surface of the root system of crops, the microbial structure is simple, the environmental adaptation range is limited, and the agricultural microbial agents are selective for host plants. This determines that the use of microbial agents has certain crop specificity. Although the types of agricultural microbial inoculum in the current market are many, the market acceptance is generally not high, and the main reason is that the environmental adaptability and the crop specificity of microorganisms are not fully considered.

Barley crops are crops with important value to national economy, but no microbial agent product specially aiming at the barley crops exists at present, which is not beneficial to green planting of barley. Therefore, a microbial inoculum prepared by fermentation technology by using a strain with excellent functions (a functional microorganism which can promote the growth of barley crops and prevent and control the occurrence of diseases) separated from the rhizosphere environment of barley crops as a raw material is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a special growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum for barley crops and a preparation method and application thereof; so as to achieve the purposes of promoting the growth of barley crops, reducing the dosage of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and preventing and treating diseases of the barley crops.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a growth-promoting and disease-preventing microbial inoculum special for barley crops is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of Pseudomonas sp.xp-2 strain fermentation liquor, 5-10 parts of Bacillus cereus Xp-4 strain fermentation liquor, 5-10 parts of Bacillus mycoides Gnyt1 strain fermentation liquor, 25-35 parts of thoroughly decomposed straw, 15-20 parts of potato residue, 10-20 parts of edible fungus residue, 5-10 parts of peat, 5-10 parts of rare earth attapulgite powder, 5-10 parts of humic acid, 2-5 parts of potassium fulvate and 1-2 parts of magnesium sulfate.

Further, the growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum special for barley crops is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of Pseudomonas sp.xp-2 strain fermentation liquor, 5 parts of Bacillus cereus Xp-4 strain fermentation liquor, 10 parts of Bacillus mycoides Gnyt1 strain fermentation liquor, 30 parts of thoroughly decomposed straw, 15 parts of potato residue, 10 parts of edible fungus residue, 10 parts of peat, 5 parts of rare earth attapulgite powder, 5 parts of humic acid, 3 parts of potassium fulvate and 2 parts of magnesium sulfate.

Furthermore, the pseudomonad Pseudomonas sp.xp-2 strain is preserved in China center for type culture Collection (CCTCC, address: Loa Jia mountain of Wuchang city) in 2018, 11 months and 5 days, and the preservation number is CCTCC M2018753; the Bacillus cereus Xp-4 strain is preserved in China center for type culture Collection (CCTCC for short, the address is: Wuhan city Lojia mountain) in 11 months and 5 days in 2018, and the preservation number is CCTCC M2018751; the Bacillus mycoides Gnyt1 strain is preserved in China center for type culture Collection (CCTCC for short, address: Wuchang Lojia mountain in Wuhan city) in 2017, 4 months and 10 days, and the preservation number is CCTCC M2017177.

The Pseudomonas sp.xp-2 strain has the functions of biological nitrogen fixation, dissolution of insoluble phosphorus in soil, and high-efficiency antagonism of plant pathogenic fungi of Fusarium, Bipolaris and the like;

the Bacillus cereus Xp-4 strain has the functions of efficiently antagonizing plant pathogenic fungi of Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Bipolaris and the like, has the functions of dissolving phosphorus and fixing nitrogen, can generate endotoxin, and has certain killing effect on pathogenic nematodes;

the Bacillus mycoides Gnyt1 strain has the capabilities of efficiently dissolving phosphorus, fixing nitrogen, secreting plant hormone and antagonizing plant pathogenic bacteria.

Further, in the special growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum for barley crops, straws in the decomposed straws are one or more of corn straws, wheat straws, rice straws and straws of other cereal crops, water is added before the use for composting, the moisture content is kept between 40 and 65 percent in the decomposing process, and the straw is fermented in a closed manner for more than 60 days to be fully decomposed; thoroughly decomposed and dried in the sun, so that the water content of the mixture is less than or equal to 10%, and the mixture is crushed and sieved by a 100-200-mesh sieve.

Further, according to the special growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum for barley crops, the potato residues are wastes generated in potato processing, impurities are removed before use, the potato residues are fully dried in the sun or in the oven, the water content of the potato residues is less than or equal to 10%, and the potato residues are crushed and sieved by a 100-200-mesh sieve; the edible mushroom residues are one or a mixture of more of mushroom residues, oyster mushroom residues, needle mushroom residues and agaricus bisporus residues, the mushroom residues with obvious mildewing, stones and plastic impurities are picked out before use, the mushroom residues are fully dried in the sun, the water content of the mushroom residues is less than or equal to 10%, and the mushroom residues are ground and sieved by a 100-200-mesh sieve.

Further, before use, the peat is subjected to impurity removal, fully dried in the sun or dried to ensure that the water content is less than or equal to 10%, and crushed and then sieved by a 100-200-mesh sieve to obtain the special growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum for the barley crops; the rare earth attapulgite powder, humic acid and potassium fulvate are crushed before use and are sieved by a sieve of 100-200 meshes; the magnesium sulfate has purity of industrial grade and above.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the growth-promoting and disease-preventing microbial inoculum special for barley crops, which comprises the following steps:

1) preparing a special growth-promoting and disease-preventing microbial inoculum carrier for barley crops:

uniformly mixing thoroughly decomposed straw, potato residue, edible fungus residue, peat, rare earth attapulgite powder, humic acid, potassium fulvate and magnesium sulfate according to a ratio, sterilizing at the temperature of 121 ℃ and the pressure of 0.1MPa for 2 hours, cooling to room temperature, and preparing into a sterilized carrier for later use;

2) preparing L B liquid culture medium, respectively inoculating Pseudomonas sp.Xp-2 strain, Bacillus cereus Xp-4 strain, Bacillus mycoides Gnyt1 strain and the inoculum size is 5%, culturing for 36-48 hours at 28-32 ℃ and the rotating speed of a shaker of 180r/min, monitoring the viable bacteria concentration in the culture solution in real time, and when the viable bacteria concentration of the Pseudomonas sp.Xp-2 strain, Bacillus cereus Xp-4 strain and Bacillus mycoides Gnyt1 strain in the culture solution reaches 10⁹Terminating the culture for later use when cfu/m L is needed;

3) uniformly mixing the sterilized carrier obtained in the step 1) and the culture bacterial liquid obtained in the step 2) according to a ratio under an aseptic condition, keeping the aseptic condition, and culturing at 28-32 ℃ for 5-9 days to obtain the growth-promoting anti-disease microbial agent special for the barley crops.

Further, in the preparation method of the growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum special for barley crops, in the preparation method of the growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum carrier special for barley crops, decomposed straw, potato residue, edible fungus residue, peat, rare earth attapulgite powder, humic acid, potassium fulvate and magnesium sulfate are treated according to the following operations: in the decomposed straw treatment, the straws are added with water and piled up to be decomposed, the moisture content is kept between 40 and 65 percent in the whole decomposition process, the straws are fermented in a closed way for more than 60 days, dried after being decomposed to ensure that the moisture content is less than or equal to 10 percent, crushed and sieved by a sieve of 100 to 200 meshes for later use; in the treatment of the potato residue, impurities are removed, the potato residue is fully dried in the sun or dried to ensure that the water content is less than or equal to 10 percent, and the potato residue is crushed and sieved by a 100-200-mesh sieve for later use; in the treatment of the edible fungus residues, the edible fungus residues with obvious mildewing, stones and plastic sundries are picked and removed, the edible fungus residues are fully dried in the sun, the water content of the edible fungus residues is less than or equal to 10 percent, and the edible fungus residues are crushed and sieved by a 100-200-mesh sieve for later use; in the peat treatment, impurities in peat are removed, the peat is fully dried to ensure that the water content is less than or equal to 10 percent, and the peat is crushed and sieved by a 100-200-mesh sieve for later use; in the treatment of the rare earth attapulgite powder, humic acid, potassium fulvate and magnesium sulfate, the rare earth attapulgite powder, the humic acid, the potassium fulvate and the magnesium sulfate are crushed and sieved by a sieve of 100-200 meshes for later use.

The third purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the special growth-promoting and disease-preventing microbial inoculum for the barley crops in the barley planting process, the special growth-promoting and disease-preventing microbial inoculum for the barley crops is used for dressing seeds during the barley crop planting, and the using amount and the using method are as follows:

A) ploughing, loosening and leveling the land in advance;

B) preparing barley crop seeds, putting the barley crop seeds into a clean seed mixer, and adding the special growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum for barley crops, wherein the addition amount of the microbial inoculum is 3-6 kg per 100 kg of seeds;

C) adding a proper amount of sterile water or cold boiled water, and fully and uniformly stirring until the microbial inoculum is completely adhered to the seeds;

D) the mixed seeds are dried to be loose under the conditions of shade and shade;

E) sowing according to a conventional method.

The fourth purpose of the invention is to provide another application of the special growth-promoting and disease-preventing microbial inoculum for the barley crops in the barley planting process, wherein the special growth-promoting and disease-preventing microbial inoculum for the barley crops is used for additional fertilization or disease prevention of the barley crops in seedling stage, and the using amount and the using method are as follows:

a) removing weeds in the field in advance;

b) ditching is carried out between rows of the barley crops sowed by the drill, and the growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum special for the barley crops is applied in an amount of 10-20 kg per mu.

The growth-promoting and disease-preventing microbial inoculum special for barley crops has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum special for the barley crops has the effects of improving the content of nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil, resisting pathogenic fungi and reducing the disease incidence rate, thereby promoting the growth of the crops and improving the yield of the crops; the microbial inoculum is green, low-carbon and pollution-free, and can not cause food safety problems and ecological environment problems.

(2) The growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum special for barley crops has high affinity of active strains and the barley crops, and can well survive and colonize on the root system surfaces of the barley crops, so the effect is stable and reliable.

(3) The special growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum for barley crops has the advantages that the carrier of the special growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum mainly comprises agricultural wastes such as straws, potato residues and edible fungus residues, and peat, rare earth attapulgite powder, humic acid, potassium fulvate, magnesium sulfate and the like are added, so that the special growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum is rich in nutrition and excellent in performance, provides comprehensive nutrients for active strains and plants, and is environment-friendly, low in carbon and capable of turning waste into wealth.

(4) The special growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum for barley crops has the effects of improving soil texture, increasing soil nutrients, decomposing harmful substances and preventing soil hardening.

(5) The special growth-promoting disease-preventing microbial inoculum for barley crops has the advantages of low cost and remarkable benefit.

Detailed Description

The raw materials used in the invention are as follows:

peat: zhiyuan peat soil, manufacturer: qingyuan Manchu autonomous county-derived remote turfy soil distribution place.

Rare earth attapulgite powder: hongyu brand rare earth attapulgite powder (product number: 0010), manufacturer: bright Hongyu environmental protection materials Co Ltd

Humic acid: flourishing biological humic acid raw powder type 1, manufacturer: lulian city Shengda biological development Co.

Potassium fulvate: the preparation method comprises the following steps of (1) containing biological potassium fulvate powder: lulian city Shengda biological development Co.