阅读说明：本技术 电爆炸与含能材料协同爆炸效应的试验平台及观测装置 (Test platform and observation device for cooperation of electric explosion and energetic material with explosion effect ) 是由 焦文俊 甘云丹 袁建飞 张玉磊 丁刚 于 2021-07-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种电爆炸与含能材料协同爆炸效应的试验平台及观测装置,包括爆炸腔体,爆炸腔体的侧壁上沿着径向开设有一对同轴设置的第一光学窗口和第二光学窗口,爆炸腔体内中间位置设置有含能材料胶囊,含能材料胶囊中沿着轴向穿过有金属丝,金属丝的顶端连接在爆炸腔体顶部设置的上放电电极上,金属丝的底端连接在爆炸腔体底部设置的下放电电极上,下放电电极、触发开关、储能电容、上放电电极和金属丝依次通过电缆串联形成一个电爆炸回路；本发明的试验平台具备爆热达到3倍TNT当量等特性,适用于新型高能材料爆炸效应模拟试验。(The invention provides a test platform and an observation device for the synergistic explosion effect of electric explosion and energetic materials, which comprise an explosion cavity, wherein the side wall of the explosion cavity is provided with a pair of a first optical window and a second optical window which are coaxially arranged along the radial direction, an energetic material capsule is arranged in the middle position in the explosion cavity, a metal wire penetrates through the energetic material capsule along the axial direction, the top end of the metal wire is connected to an upper discharge electrode arranged at the top of the explosion cavity, the bottom end of the metal wire is connected to a lower discharge electrode arranged at the bottom of the explosion cavity, and the lower discharge electrode, a trigger switch, an energy storage capacitor, the upper discharge electrode and the metal wire are sequentially connected in series through a cable to form an electric explosion loop; the test platform provided by the invention has the characteristics of explosive heat reaching 3 times of TNT equivalent and the like, and is suitable for a novel high-energy material explosion effect simulation test.)

1. A test observation device for the synergistic explosion effect of electric explosion and energetic materials is characterized by comprising a synergistic explosion test platform (1), an electric parameter measurement unit (2) and an optical observation unit (3);

the cooperative explosion test platform (1) comprises an explosion cavity (101), a pair of first optical window (102) and a second optical window (103) which are coaxially arranged are arranged on the side wall of the explosion cavity (101) along the radial direction, an energetic material capsule (104) is arranged in the middle of the explosion cavity (101), a metal wire (105) penetrates through the energetic material capsule (104) along the axial direction, the top end of the metal wire (105) is connected to an upper discharge electrode (106) arranged at the top of the explosion cavity (101), the bottom end of the metal wire (105) is connected to a lower discharge electrode (107) arranged at the bottom of the explosion cavity (101), and the lower discharge electrode (107), a trigger switch (108), an energy storage capacitor (109), the upper discharge electrode (106) and the metal wire (105) are sequentially connected in series through a cable (110) to form an electric explosion loop;

the electrical parameter measuring unit (2) comprises an oscilloscope (201), wherein the oscilloscope (201) is respectively connected with a voltage probe (202) and a current probe (203), and the voltage probe (202) and the current probe (203) are respectively arranged on a cable (110) between the lower discharge electrode (107) and the trigger switch (108);

the optical observation unit (3) comprises a laser (301), a beam expander (302) and a high-speed framing camera (303), wherein the laser (301), the beam expander (302), the first optical window (102), the second optical window (103) and the high-speed framing camera (303) are sequentially and coaxially arranged.

2. The device for testing and observing the synergistic explosion effect of the electric explosion and the energetic material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the trigger switch (108) is further connected with a discharge trigger (111); the energy storage capacitor (109) is also connected with a charging power supply (112).

3. The device for testing and observing the synergistic explosion effect of the electric explosion and the energetic material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coupling modes of the metal wire (105) and the energetic material in the energetic material capsule (104) are in series connection, parallel connection or Z-shaped.

4. The device for testing and observing the synergistic explosion effect of the electric explosion and the energetic material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the trigger switch (108) adopts a three-electrode trigger gas switch; the current probe (203) adopts a Rogowski coil.

5. The device for testing and observing the synergistic explosion effect of the electric explosion and the energetic material as claimed in claim 1, wherein an independent trigger cavity (113) is further arranged at the bottom outside the explosion cavity (101), and a trigger switch (108) is installed in the trigger cavity (113).

6. A test platform for cooperation between electric explosion and energetic material and an explosion effect is characterized by comprising an explosion cavity (101), wherein a pair of first optical window (102) and a second optical window (103) which are coaxially arranged are radially arranged on the side wall of the explosion cavity (101), an energetic material capsule (104) is arranged in the middle of the explosion cavity (101), a metal wire (105) axially penetrates through the energetic material capsule (104), the top end of the metal wire (105) is connected to an upper discharge electrode (106) arranged at the top of the explosion cavity (101), the bottom end of the metal wire (105) is connected to a lower discharge electrode (107) arranged at the bottom of the explosion cavity (101), the lower discharging electrode (107), the trigger switch (108), the energy storage capacitor (109), the upper discharging electrode (106) and the metal wire (105) are sequentially connected in series through a cable (110) to form an electric explosion loop.

7. The test platform for the synergistic explosion effect of the electric explosion and the energetic material as claimed in claim 6, wherein the trigger switch (108) is further connected with a discharge trigger (111); the energy storage capacitor (109) is also connected with a charging power supply (112).

8. The test platform for the synergistic explosion effect of the electric explosion and the energetic material as claimed in claim 6, wherein the metal wire (105) is made of gold, silver, copper, aluminum or nickel; the coupling mode of the metal wire (105) and the energetic materials in the energetic material capsule (104) is series connection, parallel connection or Z type.

9. The test platform for the synergistic explosion effect of the electric explosion and the energetic material as claimed in claim 6, wherein the shell of the explosion cavity (101) is grounded; the trigger switch (108) adopts a three-electrode trigger gas switch.

10. The test platform for the synergistic explosion effect of the electric explosion and the energetic material as claimed in claim 6, wherein an independent trigger cavity (113) is further arranged at the bottom outside the explosion cavity (101), and a trigger switch (108) is installed in the trigger cavity (113).

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of explosion and damage, relates to an explosion effect test, and particularly relates to a test platform and an observation device for the synergistic explosion effect of electric explosion and energetic materials.

Background

Compared with the traditional energetic material, the novel energetic material has great potential in the aspects of improving the fighting power and the damage effect, and theoretical calculation shows that the heat released by the total nitrogen material during explosion can reach 3-8 times of TNT equivalent, and the metal hydrogen storage energy is about 40-50 times of TNT. Although the synthesis of the novel high-energy material is still in the experimental stage of attack and failure at present, the energy release process and the energy release mode are studied in advance, the internal law of the explosion effect is mastered, and the method is favorable for reasonably utilizing the explosion effect to realize the efficient damage of the weapon to the target in the future. The team of Qiu eric universities in the western university of traffic proposes a method for driving energetic simple substances and energetic mixtures by using metal wire electric explosion (for example, patent CN 108180003A discloses a method for driving energetic mixtures to generate underwater shock waves by using metal wire electric explosion), and energetic materials are wrapped outside electric explosion metal wires to generate shock waves with controllable amplitude and pulse width. The technology is mainly applied to the fields of propellant powder, oil gas exploitation and the like at present, because the metal wire is continuously melted in the electric explosion process, vaporized and exploded to form plasmas, and the processes of rapid expansion and the like, the metal wire in the explosion circuit is changed into a discontinuous state from a continuous state, so that the circuit is not communicated, the energy can not be further fed into the energetic material for a long time, the whole electric explosion process only lasts for about 5 mu s, the electric energy is not sufficiently fed into the explosion circuit, and the technical achievement is difficult to be applied to the simulation of the explosion effect of the novel energetic material.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a test platform and an observation device for the synergistic explosion effect of electric explosion and energetic materials, and solve the technical problem that the test platform in the prior art cannot realize the simulation of the explosion effect of a novel energetic material with the equivalent of 3 times of TNT.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a test platform for cooperation of electric explosion and energetic materials with an explosion effect comprises an explosion cavity, wherein a pair of first optical window and a second optical window which are coaxially arranged are arranged on the side wall of the explosion cavity along the radial direction, an energetic material capsule is arranged in the middle of the explosion cavity, a metal wire penetrates through the energetic material capsule along the axial direction, the top end of the metal wire is connected to an upper discharge electrode arranged at the top of the explosion cavity, the bottom end of the metal wire is connected to a lower discharge electrode arranged at the bottom of the explosion cavity, and the lower discharge electrode, a trigger switch, an energy storage capacitor, the upper discharge electrode and the metal wire are sequentially connected in series through a cable to form an electric explosion loop;

the electric parameter measuring unit comprises an oscilloscope, a voltage probe and a current probe are respectively connected to the oscilloscope, and the voltage probe and the current probe are respectively arranged on a cable between the lower discharge electrode and the trigger switch;

the optical observation unit comprises a laser, a beam expander and a high-speed framing camera, and the laser, the beam expander, the first optical window, the second optical window and the high-speed framing camera are sequentially and coaxially arranged.

The invention also protects a test observation device for the synergistic explosion effect of the electric explosion and the energetic material, which comprises a synergistic explosion test platform, an electric parameter measurement unit and an optical observation unit;

the cooperative explosion test platform is a test platform for the cooperative explosion effect of the electric explosion and the energetic material;

the electric parameter measuring unit comprises an oscilloscope, a voltage probe and a current probe are respectively connected to the oscilloscope, and the voltage probe and the current probe are respectively arranged on a cable between the lower discharge electrode and the trigger switch;

the optical observation unit comprises a laser, a beam expander and a high-speed framing camera, and the laser, the beam expander, the first optical window, the second optical window and the high-speed framing camera are sequentially and coaxially arranged.

The invention also has the following technical characteristics:

the trigger switch is also connected with the discharge trigger; the energy storage capacitor is also connected with a charging power supply.

The shell of the explosion cavity is grounded.

The metal wire is made of gold, silver, copper, aluminum or nickel materials.

The coupling mode of the metal wire and the energetic materials in the energetic material capsule is in series connection, parallel connection or Z shape.

The trigger switch adopts a three-electrode trigger gas switch.

The current probe adopts a Rogowski coil.

The bottom outside the explosion cavity is also provided with an independent trigger cavity, and a trigger switch is arranged in the trigger cavity.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:

the test platform of the invention utilizes a large amount of plasmas formed by explosion of the energetic material to increase the concentration of the plasmas around the metal wire, thereby prolonging the conduction time of a circuit, increasing the energy fed into the energetic material, outputting the energy which reaches 3 times of TNT equivalent and realizing the cooperative explosion of electric explosion and the energetic material.

(II) the experimental observation device can clearly obtain the evolution characteristics of the volume, shock wave, luminescence and the like of the explosion product in the synergistic explosion process of the electric explosion and the energetic material in time and space, and simultaneously completely record the change history of the electric parameters of the electric-chemical synergistic explosion process along with time, thereby realizing the comprehensive and accurate depiction of the synergistic explosion effect.

(III) the test platform provided by the invention has the characteristics of 3 times of TNT equivalent weight of explosion heat and the like, and is suitable for a novel high-energy material explosion effect simulation test.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cooperative explosion test platform and an optical observation unit.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the cooperative explosion test platform and the electrical parameter measuring unit.

Fig. 3 is a time course curve of the electricity participation energy output in the embodiment 3.

Fig. 4(a) is a 3.92 μ s framing image of the cooperative explosion process in example 3.

Fig. 4(b) is a 5.92 μ s framing image of the cooperative explosion process in example 3.

Fig. 4(c) is a 9.42 μ s framing image of the cooperative explosion process in example 3.

Fig. 4(d) is a 12.92 μ s framing image of the cooperative explosion process in example 3.

Fig. 5(a) is a schematic diagram of the series coupling of a wire and an energetic material.

Fig. 5(b) is a schematic diagram of the parallel coupling of the wire and energetic material.

Fig. 5(c) is a schematic view of the Z-coupling of the wire and energetic material.

Figure 6 is a comparison of the energy released by the synergistic explosion of the electrical explosion and energetic material of the present invention and the electrical explosion alone.

The meaning of the individual reference symbols in the figures is: 1-a cooperative explosion test platform, 2-an electrical parameter measuring unit and 3-an optical observation unit;

101-explosion cavity, 102-first optical window, 103-second optical window, 104-energetic material capsule, 105-metal wire, 106-upper discharge electrode, 107-lower discharge electrode, 108-trigger switch, 109-energy storage capacitor, 110-cable, 111-discharge trigger, 112-charging power supply, 113-trigger cavity;

201-oscilloscope, 202-voltage probe, 203-current probe;

301-laser, 302-beam expander, 303-high speed framing camera.

The present invention will be explained in further detail with reference to examples.

Detailed Description

It is to be understood that all parts and devices of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are intended to be covered by the present invention as if they were all known in the art.

The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and all equivalent changes based on the technical solutions of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1:

the embodiment provides a test platform for a synergistic explosion effect of electric explosion and an energetic material, as shown in fig. 1, the test platform comprises an explosion cavity 101, a pair of first optical window 102 and a second optical window 103 which are coaxially arranged are radially arranged on a side wall of the explosion cavity 101, an energetic material capsule 104 is arranged at a middle position in the explosion cavity 101, a metal wire 105 penetrates through the energetic material capsule 104 along an axial direction, the top end of the metal wire 105 is connected to an upper discharge electrode 106 arranged at the top of the explosion cavity 101, the bottom end of the metal wire 105 is connected to a lower discharge electrode 107 arranged at the bottom of the explosion cavity 101, and the lower discharge electrode 107, a trigger switch 108, an energy storage capacitor 109, the upper discharge electrode 106 and the metal wire 105 are sequentially connected in series through a cable 110 to form an electric explosion loop;

specifically, the trigger switch 108 is further connected to a discharge trigger 111, and preferably, the discharge trigger 111 is a 100kV/25ns trigger;

specifically, the energy storage capacitor 109 is further connected to a charging power supply 112, and preferably, the charging power supply 112 adopts a 50kV/0.3A high-voltage constant-current power supply.

Preferably, the outer shell of explosion chamber 101 is grounded.

In this embodiment, the explosion chamber 101 is a cylindrical tank with an inner diameter of 340mm, a height of 310mm and a wall thickness of 10 mm.

In this embodiment, the first optical window 102 and the second optical window 103 can be used for performing optical observation diagnosis such as laser shading and high-speed framing cameras.

Preferably, the wire 105 is made of gold, silver, copper, aluminum or nickel. In this embodiment, the wire 105 is an aluminum wire having a length of 15cm and a diameter of 0.4 mm. As shown in fig. 5(a), 5(b) and 5(c), the coupling of the wire 105 and the energetic material in the energetic material capsule 104 is in series, parallel or Z-shaped.

Preferably, the trigger switch 108 is a three-electrode trigger gas switch.

In this embodiment, the energy storage capacitor 109 is a low inductance capacitor with a metal shell, and the capacitance can be selected from 2.6 μ F, 4 μ F or 6 μ F;

preferably, an independent trigger cavity 113 is further disposed at the bottom outside the explosion cavity 101, and a trigger switch 108 is installed in the trigger cavity 113.

Example 2:

the embodiment provides a test observation device for the synergistic explosion effect of electric explosion and energetic materials, which is shown in fig. 1 and 2 and comprises a synergistic explosion test platform 1, an electric parameter measurement unit 2 and an optical observation unit 3;

the synergistic explosion test platform 1 is a test platform for synergistic explosion effect of electric explosion and energetic materials.

The electrical parameter measuring unit 2 is used for recording the electrical parameters of the collaborative explosion process.

The optical observation unit 3 is used for recording image information of the collaborative explosion process.

The cooperative explosion test platform 1 adopts the test platform of cooperative explosion effect of the electric explosion and the energetic material in the embodiment 1;

the electrical parameter measuring unit 2 comprises an oscilloscope 201, the oscilloscope 201 is respectively connected with a voltage probe 202 and a current probe 203, and the voltage probe 202 and the current probe 203 are respectively arranged on a cable 110 between the lower discharge electrode 107 and the trigger switch 108;

the optical observation unit 3 includes a laser 301, a beam expander 302, and a high-speed framing camera 303, and the laser 301, the beam expander 302, the first optical window 102, the second optical window 103, and the high-speed framing camera 303 are coaxially arranged in sequence.

Example 3:

this example provides a method for testing and observing the synergistic explosion effect of electrical explosion and energetic materials, which uses the device for testing and observing the synergistic explosion effect of electrical explosion and energetic materials in example 2.

The method specifically comprises the following steps:

firstly, a metal wire 105 penetrates through an energetic material capsule 104 filled with energetic materials, an explosion cavity 101 is opened, the metal wire 105 and the energetic material capsule 104 are connected between an upper discharge electrode 106 and a lower discharge electrode 107, and the explosion cavity 101 is sealed.

In this embodiment, the wire 105 is an aluminum wire with a length of 15cm and a diameter of 0.4mm, the energetic material powder is encapsulated, and the coupling mode of the wire 105 and the energetic material capsule 104 is a series connection mode.

And step two, arranging a voltage probe 202 and a current probe 203 of the electrical parameter measuring unit 2, and setting a voltage division ratio.

In the embodiment, the discharge current is measured by a Rogowski coil, the voltage division ratio is set to be 10610:1, the discharge current is corrected by a Pearson 101 coil, and the sensitivity is 0.0001V/A; the discharge voltage was measured by a Tektronix voltage probe, with the voltage division ratio set at 1000: 1, measurable direct current voltage of 20kV and pulse voltage peak value of 40 kV.

And step three, building and debugging the optical observation unit 3, so that the laser output by the laser 301 is expanded by the beam expander 302, penetrates into the first optical window 102 on the side wall of the explosion cavity 101, penetrates through the metal wire 105 and the energetic material capsule 104, and penetrates out of the second optical window 103 on the side wall of the explosion cavity 101, and a framing image can be formed in the high-speed framing camera 303.

In this embodiment, an EXPLAS laser is used to output 30ps 532nm laser, an optical window on the explosion chamber 101 is made of bulletproof glass, and a high-speed framing camera is made of a framing ultra-high-speed photoelectric photography system known in the prior art (for example, a chinese patent invention with an authorization publication number of CN103197499B, "a simultaneous framing scanning ultra-high-speed photoelectric photography system"). The relative positions and attitudes of the laser shadow system, the explosion chamber (optical window) and the high speed framing camera system were determined using a level bar and laser level. The axis of the metal wire is superposed with the left-right symmetrical line of the view field.

And step four, controlling the triggering time sequences of the high-speed framing camera 303, the laser 301 and the discharge trigger 111 through a delayer, setting triggering time delay according to theoretical prediction, and adjusting the triggering time delay to obtain a plasma evolution image at a typical moment of the collaborative explosion process.

In this embodiment, the delayer uses a digital delay generator (DG535) to adjust the trigger delay between multiple channels to match the trigger time between the high-speed framing camera and the electrical explosion, and the time of the electrical explosion starts at 8 μ s according to theoretical prediction, so the shooting trigger of the framing camera is set to 8 μ s after the trigger button is pressed.

And step five, setting the charging/discharging parameters of the energy storage capacitor according to the quasi-feed-in electric energy, debugging the oscilloscope 201 and setting the oscilloscope to be in a state to be triggered.

In the embodiment, a Tektronix MDO3034 oscilloscope with the bandwidth of 350MHz is selected, current triggering is selected in a triggering mode to avoid false triggering caused by voltage disturbance, the sampling rate is set to be 2.5G times/second, and the interval between sampling points is 0.4 ns.

And step six, connecting a circuit, namely charging the energy storage capacitor 109 by the charging power supply 112, connecting the high-voltage end of the load of the energy storage capacitor 109 to the trigger switch 108 through a high-voltage electrode plate, and connecting the low-voltage end of the load of the energy storage capacitor 109 to the upper discharge electrode 106.

In the embodiment, the voltage is provided by a high-voltage constant-current power supply of 50kV/0.3A, the energy storage capacitor is a high-voltage pulse capacitor, the capacitance value is 4 muF, and the rated voltage is 40 kV.

And step seven, filling nitrogen into the explosion cavity 101, and adjusting the breakdown voltage of the switch by adjusting the air pressure in the explosion cavity to prevent the trigger switch from self-breakdown.

Step eight, a trigger button of a discharge trigger 111 is pressed, after the discharge trigger 111 receives a trigger signal of a time delay, a trigger switch 108 is controlled to be closed, an energy storage capacitor 109 is triggered to discharge, a high-voltage pulse is sent, a metal wire 105 between an upper discharge electrode 106 and a lower discharge motor 107 in an explosion cavity 101 is subjected to electric explosion under the application of high voltage, energy released by the electric explosion is quickly fed into the energy-containing material in the energy-containing material capsule 104 and excites the energy-containing material to explode, the energy-containing material explodes to form a large amount of plasmas, the concentration of the plasmas around the metal wire 105 is further increased, the circuit is kept conducted, and therefore the energy fed into the energy-containing material is increased, and a synergistic explosion effect is formed.

In this embodiment, the discharge trigger is a 100kV/25ns trigger device, selects an external control mode, and controls the trigger switch to be closed after receiving a trigger signal of the DG535 delayer.

Step nine, calculating and analyzing the electric parameter measurement result:

determining the real discharge process of the time-course curve of the voltage and the current measured by the oscilloscope 201, determining the effective length of the discharge time, and obtaining the electric energy fed into the energetic material by integrating the voltage and the current in the discharge time period;

W_{electric power}＝U×I×dt；

In the formula, W_{Electric power}For feeding electric energy into the energetic material; u is the voltage measured by an oscilloscope; i is the current measured by an oscilloscope; dt is an electric dischargeTime.

In this embodiment, the electrical parameter measurement result is shown in fig. 3, the energy deposition curve of the metal wire (the electrical energy fed into the energetic material) during the electrical explosion process is obtained through the time-course curves of the voltage and the current, and the electrical explosion energy release process is prolonged from 5 μ s to 25 μ s through the observation of the energy deposition curve of the metal wire, so that the energy fed into the energetic material for explosion is greatly increased.

As shown in fig. 6, the feed electric power W_{Electric power}＝U×I×d_t(explosion heat) reaches 2 times of TNT equivalent, and is cooperated with explosion effect total energy W_{General assembly}＝W_{Energetic material}+W_{Electric power}The (explosion heat) reaches 3 times of TNT equivalent, and the simulation of the explosion effect of the novel high-energy material is successfully realized.

Step ten, framing image data processing and analyzing:

and judging whether the energetic material can be detonated by the electric explosion, comparing the information between the two images obtained by framing, dividing the information by the time interval to obtain the expansion jet velocity of the metal wire and the expansion velocity of the energetic material, and giving a typical moment of the synergistic explosion process.

Specifically, the typical time of the cooperative explosion process comprises a current pause stage and a wire secondary breakdown discharge time.

In this embodiment, the framing images are as shown in fig. 4(a) to 4(d), and the recording times of the 4 framing images are 3.92 μ s, 5.92 μ s, 9.42 μ s, and 12.92 μ s, respectively, as can be seen from the framing images: at the moment of 3.92 mu s, the metal wire is in a current pause stage, and the metal wire is not exploded but has obvious expansion volume; when the metal wire finishes secondary breakdown at the moment of 5.92 mu s, the metal wire enters a plasma discharge state, the metal wire is subjected to electric explosion, the metal wire is obviously bright, and the brightness range and the brightness are increased along with time; comparing time 5.92 mus to time 9.42 shows that the energetic material did not detonate and was encapsulated, expanding much less than the wire at the same time.