阅读说明：本技术 一种可调型隔音加热复合地板 (Adjustable sound insulation heating composite floor ) 是由 周玉成 王玉涛 王艳龙 刘震 刘红艳 牛海明 于 2019-11-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于地板领域,具体涉及一种可调型隔音加热复合地板。本发明提供的复合地板,包括相互配合的阴型板和阳型板,阴型板和阳型板均包括导热层,和粘合在导热层上表面的装饰层,所述阴型板沿纵向在两侧设置有旁龙骨,旁龙骨内侧上部与导热层侧壁固接,每个旁龙骨顶部设置有卡槽；所述阳型板沿纵向在两侧设置有卡条,每个卡条固接在装饰层下表面,阴型板的两个卡槽可分别与相邻阳型板的卡条拼合；阴型板和阳型板的导热层下方中央沿纵向设置有中龙骨。中龙骨和旁龙骨之间设置有加热管。该地板通过设置加强龙骨可有效抑制地板受热所产生的热变形,解决地板的热稳定性问题。(The invention belongs to the field of floors, and particularly relates to an adjustable sound-insulation heating composite floor. The invention provides a composite floor, which comprises a female template and a male template which are matched with each other, wherein the female template and the male template both comprise heat conducting layers and decorative layers adhered to the upper surfaces of the heat conducting layers; the male template is provided with clamping strips at two sides along the longitudinal direction, each clamping strip is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the decorative layer, and two clamping grooves of the female template can be respectively spliced with the clamping strips of the adjacent male template; the center of the lower part of the heat conduction layer of the female template and the male template is provided with a middle keel along the longitudinal direction. A heating pipe is arranged between the middle keel and the side keel. This floor can effectively restrain the floor and be heated produced thermal deformation through setting up the reinforcement fossil fragments, solves the thermal stability problem on floor.)

1. An adjustable sound-insulation heating composite floor, which comprises a female plate (1) and a male plate (2) which are mutually matched, wherein the female plate (1) and the male plate (2) both comprise a heat conduction layer (6) and a decorative layer (5) adhered to the upper surface of the heat conduction layer (6),

the two sides of the female template (1) are longitudinally provided with side keels (12), the upper parts of the inner sides of the side keels (12) are fixedly connected with the side walls of the heat conducting layers (6), and the top of each side keel (12) is provided with a clamping groove (16);

the male template (2) is provided with clamping strips (17) at two sides along the longitudinal direction, each clamping strip (17) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the decorative layer (5), and two clamping grooves (16) of the female template (1) can be respectively spliced with the clamping strips (17) of the adjacent male template (2);

the heat conduction layer (6) below central authorities of female template (1) and male template (2) are along vertically being provided with well fossil fragments (13), heat conduction layer (6) below both sides are along vertically being provided with support bar (11), well fossil fragments (13) and two support bar (11) constitute two vertical cavity that use heat conduction layer (6) as the top respectively, all pack puigging (10) in every vertical cavity, leave fore-and-aft isolation cavity (8) between puigging (10) upper surface and heat conduction layer (6) lower surface, be provided with free rotation's heating pipe (9) in isolation cavity (8), heating pipe (9) are close to well fossil fragments (13) both sides, heating pipe (9) one end is provided with the screw thread, the other end is provided with the screw-hole formula and connects.

2. The adjustable sound insulation and heating composite floor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower portions of the side runners (12) and the middle runner (13) are longitudinally provided with a plurality of groups of cylindrical cavities (15) with downward openings, and the cylindrical cavities (15) on the two side runners (12) and the middle runner (13) are arranged at equal intervals; an elastic support for adjusting the height of the side keel (12) and the middle keel (13) is arranged in the cylindrical cavity (15).

3. The adjustable sound insulation heating composite floor as claimed in claim 2, wherein the elastic support comprises a buffer plug (4) and a sleeve (3), the buffer plug (4) is in threaded connection with the sleeve (3); the sleeve (3) freely slides in the cylindrical cavity (15), and the buffer plug (4) freely rises and falls in the sleeve (3); the sleeve (3) rotates freely in the cylindrical cavity (15), and the buffer plug (4) is adjusted to lift in the sleeve (3) through threads.

4. The adjustable acoustic and heating composite floor of claim 3, wherein an acoustic insulating mat (18) is disposed between the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity (15) and the resilient support.

5. The adjustable sound-insulation heating composite floor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sound-insulation layer (10) is provided with a groove at the upper part thereof for supporting the heating pipe (9), the slow-release film (7) is bonded on the upper surface of the sound-insulation layer (10), and the mesh cloth is bonded on the lower surface of the sound-insulation layer (10).

6. The adjustable sound insulation heating composite floor as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the thickness of the decorative layer (5) is 0.5 to 1.2mm, the thickness of the heat conduction layer (6) is 5 to 7mm, and the height of the middle keel (13) is 4 to 6 cm; the inner aperture of the sleeve (3) is 1.5-3.5 cm, and the height is 2.5-4.5 cm; the diameter of the buffer plug (4) is 1.5-3.5 cm, and the height is 2.5-4.5 cm.

7. The adjustable sound-insulation heating composite floor as claimed in claim 6, wherein the sound-insulation layer (10) is made of glass fiber cotton material, the fiber length-diameter ratio of the glass fiber cotton material is about 550-3000, the porosity is 75-95%, the thermal conductivity is 0.02-0.035 w/(m.k), and the volume weight is 7.5-30 kg/m³And the sound transmission loss rate is 20.8-45.5 dB.

8. The adjustable sound-insulating heating composite floor board as claimed in claim 7, wherein the glass fiber cotton material is prepared by centrifugally blowing glass cotton and flame blowing glass cotton together, and the components of the glass fiber cotton material are as follows:

blowing glass wool by using flame:

15-30 parts by mass of particles with average diameter of 1.5-2.5 mu m

30-40 parts by mass of particles with average diameter of 2.5-3.5 mu m

20-35 parts by mass of a polymer having an average diameter of 3.5-4.0 μm;

centrifugally blowing the glass wool:

10-20 parts by mass of particles with average diameter of 4.5-5.5 mu m

7-15 parts by mass of a polymer having an average diameter of 5.5-6.0 μm.

9. The adjustable sound insulation heating composite floor as claimed in claim 5, wherein the slow release film (7) is an aluminum foil or nickel foil film, the mesh cloth is a crystalline nylon or glass fiber mesh cloth, and the slow release film (7) and the mesh cloth are bonded on the surface of the sound insulation layer (10) by means of hot pressing with a polyurethane adhesive.

10. The adjustable sound insulation and heating composite floor as claimed in claim 6, wherein the side keel (12), the middle keel (13) and the sleeve (3) are made of basalt fiber unsaturated polyester composite material, and the buffer plug (4) is made of rubber and nylon material.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of floors, relates to a composite floor for indoor decoration in the field of civil buildings, and particularly relates to an adjustable sound-insulation heating composite floor.

Background

To date, poor sound insulation of floors has been a significant problem that has not been effectively addressed by the residential industry. The construction structure of the reinforced concrete can not well obstruct the transmission of the sound of the upper floor and the lower floor between floors due to the limitation of the prior construction process, so that residents can easily hear the noise of neighbors going up and down, and what bothers people lives is the running and jumping sound of children going up and down, the sliding sound of moving furniture, the vibration sound of a washing machine and the like. The reinforced concrete with the thickness of 100mm is better isolated from air sound transmission and has little effect on isolating vibration and impact sound. The sound insulation problem of the residence gradually becomes the problem that the residents have the highest complaint frequency on the residence quality. The poor sound insulation effect of the floor slab not only seriously affects the health of people, but also affects the harmonious relation between upstairs and downstairs and neighborhoods to a certain extent, thereby causing the tension of the upstairs and downstairs and neighborhoods.

At present, the method for solving the sound insulation of the floor slab mainly comprises the steps of installing an elastic surface layer, an elastic cushion layer and an elastic ceiling. The elastic surface layer is installed by paving a decorative material with high elasticity on the floor of the house, so that sound energy generated when the elastic surface layer impacts the floor is reduced, and the transmission of the sound between floors is reduced. The elastic cushion layer generally constitutes an acoustic insulation layer by laying an elastic material in a concrete structure of a floor. The protective layer is cast on the sound insulation layer, and the structure can effectively solve the problem of floor sound insulation and greatly slow down solid sound transmission. However, the floor slab structure is complex in construction, and the problem of laying the ground heating pipe between the protective layer and the elastic cushion layer needs to be solved at the same time.

In addition, most families choose to place ceramic tiles on the floor in wet places such as toilets and kitchens, and the living room and bedroom are generally paved by wood floors. Because a layer of cement concrete needs to be added when the ceramic tiles are laid, the height difference is generated between the ceramic tiles and the floor, and the whole floor needs to be leveled again. And most of buildings are floor heating, and the conventional floor is poor in thermal stability, so that the floor is often warped and deformed after being heated unevenly, and much trouble is brought to home life.

The glass fiber cotton is expanded to the application field of building sound and heat insulation materials, and the high-efficiency energy-saving sound insulation floor is developed, so that energy conservation and environmental protection of resident buildings can be realized, and green livable communities can be built. And the main raw material of the glass fiber cotton is waste glass, compared with other sound insulation materials, the glass fiber cotton has the advantages of light weight, environmental protection, high toughness, high temperature resistance, high chemical stability and the like, can realize the recycling of waste energy, meets the social requirements of resource conservation and environmental friendliness, improves the application level of high-efficiency energy-saving building products, and promotes the demonstration application of novel energy-saving sound insulation floors.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing floor and provides an adjustable sound-insulation heating composite floor, which can effectively inhibit the thermal deformation of the floor caused by heating by arranging a reinforcing keel and solve the problem of thermal stability of the floor. Meanwhile, the installation height of the composite floor is flexibly adjusted through the threaded buffer plug at the bottom, and the height difference caused by tile construction in kitchens and toilets and floor laying in living rooms during indoor decoration is solved. In the aspect of sound and heat absorption, the composite floor realizes double sound and heat insulation through the functions of the sound insulation layer and the isolation cavity.

The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

the invention provides an adjustable sound-insulation heating composite floor, which comprises a female plate and a male plate which are matched with each other, wherein the female plate and the male plate respectively comprise a heat conduction layer and a decoration layer adhered to the upper surface of the heat conduction layer,

the female die plate is provided with side keels at two sides along the longitudinal direction, the upper parts of the inner sides of the side keels are fixedly connected with the side walls of the heat conducting layers, and the top of each side keel is provided with a clamping groove;

the male template is provided with clamping strips at two sides along the longitudinal direction, each clamping strip is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the decorative layer, and two clamping grooves of the female template can be respectively spliced with the clamping strips of the adjacent male template;

the heat-conducting layer below central authorities of negative template and positive template vertically are provided with the centre keel along vertically, heat-conducting layer below both sides vertically are provided with the support bar, centre keel and two support bars constitute two vertical cavities that use the heat-conducting layer as the top respectively, all clogged the puigging in every vertical cavity, leave fore-and-aft isolation cavity between puigging upper surface and the heat-conducting layer lower surface, be provided with free rotation's heating pipe in the isolation cavity, the heating pipe is close to the centre keel both sides, heating pipe one end is provided with the screw thread, the other end is provided with the screw-hole formula.

Furthermore, a plurality of groups of cylindrical cavities with downward openings are longitudinally formed in the lower parts of the side keels and the middle keels, and the cylindrical cavities on the two side keels and the middle keel are arranged at equal intervals; an elastic support for adjusting the height of the side keel and the middle keel is arranged in the cylindrical cavity.

Further, the elastic support comprises a buffer plug and a sleeve, and the buffer plug is in threaded connection with the sleeve; the sleeve freely slides in the cylindrical cavity, and the buffer plug freely rises and falls in the sleeve; the sleeve rotates freely in the cylindrical cavity, and the buffer plug is adjusted to lift in the sleeve through threads.

Further, a sound insulation pad is arranged between the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity and the elastic support.

Furthermore, the upper portion of the sound insulation layer is provided with a groove matched with the supporting heating pipe, the upper surface of the sound insulation layer is bonded with a slow release film, and the lower surface of the sound insulation layer is bonded with a grid cloth.

Furthermore, the thickness of the decorative layer is 0.5-1.2 mm, the thickness of the heat conduction layer is 5-7 mm, and the height of the middle keel is 4-6 cm; the inner diameter of the sleeve is 1.5-3.5 cm, and the height is 2.5-4.5 cm; the diameter of the buffer plug is 1.5-3.5 cm, and the height of the buffer plug is 2.5-4.5 cm.

Further, the sound insulation layer is made of glass fiber cotton, the length-diameter ratio of fibers of the glass fiber cotton is about 550-3000, the porosity is 75-95%, the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.02-0.035 w/(m.k), and the volume weight is 7.5-30 kg/m³And the sound transmission loss rate is 20.8-45.5 dB.

Further, the glass fiber cotton material is prepared by centrifugally blowing glass cotton and flame blowing glass cotton together, and the fiber components for preparing the glass fiber cotton material are as follows:

blowing glass wool by using flame:

15-30 parts by mass of particles with average diameter of 1.5-2.5 mu m

30-40 parts by mass of particles with average diameter of 2.5-3.5 mu m

20-35 parts by mass of a polymer having an average diameter of 3.5-4.0 μm;

centrifugally blowing the glass wool:

10-20 parts by mass of particles with average diameter of 4.5-5.5 mu m

7-15 parts by mass of a polymer having an average diameter of 5.5-6.0 μm.

Furthermore, the slow release film is an aluminum foil or nickel foil film, the grid cloth is crystalline nylon or glass fiber grid cloth, and the slow release film and the grid cloth are bonded on the surface of the sound insulation layer in a polyurethane adhesive hot pressing mode.

Furthermore, the side keel, the middle keel and the sleeve are made of basalt fiber unsaturated polyester composite materials, and the buffer plug is made of rubber and nylon materials.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the middle keel is arranged at the middle longitudinal position of the composite floor, the heating pipes are arranged at the two side positions of the middle keel, and the reinforcing keel is made of high-temperature-resistant materials, so that the position deformation of the original plate girder with the largest thermal deformation is almost zero, and the problem of structural stability that the floor is warped due to heating is effectively solved.

(2) This laminate flooring establishes elastic support, and elastic support comprises outside sleeve pipe and inside elastic buffer stopper, and the sleeve pipe adopts threaded connection installation with the buffer stopper, can adjust laminate flooring thickness according to actual need's mounting height is nimble, has solved the difference in height problem between ceramic tile and the floor well.

(3) The composite floor board has elastic support to reduce the span of the floor beam, forms cavity between the sound isolating layer and the heat conducting layer, homogenizes the heat load discretely, and reduces the floor board deflection deformation to 1/128 in the same heating condition.

(4) The soundproof layer of floor adopts the cotton mixed beating of centrifugal jetting glass cotton and flame jetting glass cotton to make, is located between centre keel and the other fossil fragments, has formed an isolation cavity between soundproof layer and heat-conducting layer, and the heat of heating pipe is at first evenly released to the cavity in, and then carries out even heat transfer through the heat-conducting layer. In the aspect of sound insulation, the double sound insulation effect is formed by the glass fiber cotton sound insulation layer and the cavity, and the sound insulation effect of the floor is greatly improved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the composite floor of example 1 after two adjacent female and male boards are assembled;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the female die of example 1;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the male plate of example 1;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled cross runner and elastomeric support of example 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the elastic support of the female die of embodiment 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the deflection deformation of a single heating pipe heat load floor;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the deformation of the composite floor according to example 1 due to thermal deflection;

the respective symbols in the figure are as follows: the heat insulation board comprises a female die plate 1, a male die plate 2, a sleeve 3, a buffer plug 4, a decorative layer 5, a heat conduction layer 6, a slow release film 7, an isolation cavity 8, a heating pipe 9, a sound insulation layer 10, a support bar 11, a side keel 12, a middle keel 13, a structural groove 14, a cylindrical cavity 15, a clamping groove 16, a clamping strip 17 and a sound insulation pad 18.

Detailed Description

In order to make the purpose and technical solution of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The experimental methods described in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the specific techniques or conditions are not indicated in the examples, and the techniques or conditions are described in the literature in the field or according to the product specification; the reagents and materials are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.

In order to avoid repetition, the sound insulation heating composite floor and the characteristics related to the present embodiment are uniformly described as follows, and are not described in detail in the specific embodiment:

as shown in figures 1-5, an adjustable sound-insulation heating composite floor comprises a female plate 1 and a male plate 2 which are matched with each other, wherein the female plate and the male plate both comprise a heat conduction layer 6 and a decoration layer 5 adhered to the upper surface of the heat conduction layer, the heat conduction layer has certain compressive strength and good heat conductivity so as to bear personnel, furniture and other loads in a room, the decoration layer is the uppermost layer of the whole composite floor, different decoration materials can be selected according to the environment, the antiskid and waterproof principles are generally followed, such as PVC, HP L and the like, the thickness of the decoration layer is 0.5-1.2 mm, and the thickness of the heat conduction layer is 5-7 mm.

In order to solve the problem of heated buckling deformation of the heat conduction layer caused by heating, the centers below the heat conduction layers of the female type plate and the male type plate are longitudinally provided with a middle keel 13, and the female type plate is longitudinally provided with side keels 12 at two sides. The height of the middle keel is 4-6 cm, and the bottoms of the middle keel and the side keels are flush.

The keel structure material is made of basalt fiber unsaturated polyester composite materials, local reinforcement is carried out on the whole floor, and the keel structure material has the characteristics of light weight, high strength, good thermal stability and the like, and has the safety characteristics of corrosion resistance, fire resistance and the like. The basalt fiber is a natural mineral fiber obtained from natural volcanic rock, has high tensile strength, low thermal deformation rate, excellent heat insulation and fire resistance, and is a healthy and environment-friendly fiber material with low neutral cost ratio in the field of fiber materials. The tensile strength of the basalt fiber monofilament fiber reaches 3200-4500 MPa, which is about 8-10 times of that of conventional high-strength steel, and the structural weight of the basalt fiber composite material is only 15-25% of that of the steel structure with the same strength design requirement.

The upper part of the inner side of each side keel is fixedly connected with the side wall of the heat conduction layer, and a clamping groove 16 is arranged at the top of each side keel.

The male template is provided with clamping strips 17 along the longitudinal direction at two sides, each clamping strip is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the decorative layer, and the two clamping grooves of the female template can be respectively spliced with the clamping strips of the adjacent male template. The beam span of the composite floor bearing load is reduced to 1/2, so that the heated buckling deflection deformation is reduced to 1/4.

Support bars 11 are longitudinally arranged on two sides below the heat conduction layer, the middle keel and the two support bars respectively form two longitudinal cavities with the heat conduction layer as the top, and a sound insulation layer 10 is filled in each longitudinal cavity. The thickness of the sound insulation layer is 1.5 cm-5.5 cm.

The sound insulation layer is made of glass fiber cotton materials, and is formed by adopting centrifugal blowing glass cotton and flame blowing glass cotton with the diameters of 1.5-6 mu m through processes of mixing and dissolving, mechanical defibering, pulping and diluting, high-temperature negative pressure forming and the like. The glass fiber cotton material has a fiber length-diameter ratio of 550-3000, a porosity of 75-95%, a thermal conductivity of 0.02-0.035 w/(m.k), and a volume weight of 7.5-30 kg/m³And the sound transmission loss rate is 20.8-45.5 dB.

The fiber components for preparing the glass fiber cotton material are as follows:

blowing glass wool by using flame:

15-30 parts by mass of particles with average diameter of 1.5-2.5 mu m

30-40 parts by mass of particles with average diameter of 2.5-3.5 mu m

20-35 parts by mass of a polymer having an average diameter of 3.5-4.0 μm;

centrifugally blowing the glass wool:

10-20 parts by mass of particles with average diameter of 4.5-5.5 mu m

7-15 parts by mass of a polymer having an average diameter of 5.5-6.0 μm.

A longitudinal isolation cavity 8 is reserved between the upper surface of the sound insulation layer and the lower surface of the heat conduction layer, a heating pipe 9 capable of rotating freely is arranged in the isolation cavity, and a groove matched with the supporting heating pipe is formed in the upper portion of the sound insulation layer. The sound insulation upper surface is coated with a layer of aluminum foil or nickel foil film, and the film is cured and pressed at 140 ℃ by polyurethane adhesive to form the heat slow release film 7. The heat of the heating pipe is firstly uniformly released into the isolation cavity, is uniformly transmitted to the heat conducting layer through reflection of the slow release film, and converts the original concentrated heat load into a uniformly heated load, so that the advantages of high heat utilization rate and uniform heat distribution are achieved. In the aspect of sound insulation, the glass fiber cotton sound insulation layer and the isolation cavity form double sound insulation effects, and the sound insulation effect of the floor is greatly improved.

In order to enhance the structural strength of the sound insulation layer glass fiber cotton, the lower surface of the sound insulation layer is pasted with a mesh cloth (not marked in the figure), and the material is crystalline nylon or glass fiber mesh cloth. The grid cloth and the sound insulation layer are tightly bonded into a whole through hot pressing of a polyurethane adhesive.

The heating pipe is close to the two sides of the middle keel, one end of the heating pipe is provided with threads, and the other end of the heating pipe is provided with a screw hole type joint. The heating pipe is one of PP-B, PP-R, PE-Xa, PE-Xb and PE-Xc, and the specification is phi 16X1.8, phi 20X2.0 and the like. Because the heating pipe is supported by the semicircular groove of the sound insulation layer and is not rigidly fixed, the heating pipe can be rotatably installed on the sound insulation layer when the floor is installed.

The other fossil fragments and the well fossil fragments lower part are along vertically offering three group downward open-ended cylindrical cavity 15, and the cylindrical cavity on two other fossil fragments and the well fossil fragments is equidistant arranges, is provided with the elastic support who adjusts other fossil fragments and well fossil fragments height in the cylindrical cavity. The span in the length direction of the composite floor is also reduced to half, and the deflection deformation is also reduced to 1/4 along the length direction. Between the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity and the elastic support there is a sound insulating mat 18 of glass fibre cotton material.

The elastic support comprises a buffer plug 4 and a sleeve 3, and the buffer plug is in threaded connection with the sleeve; the sleeve pipe slides freely in the cylindrical cavity, and the buffer plug freely ascends and descends in the sleeve pipe. The bottom of the buffer plug is provided with a structural groove 14, so that a screwdriver can be conveniently inserted to rotate the buffer plug, and the buffer plug is used for fixing the screwdriver to perform height adjustment. The height of the elastic support can be flexibly adjusted by the extension length of the buffer plug extending out of the sleeve. The sleeve is made of the same material as the keel structure and is a rigid structural member, the inner aperture of the sleeve is 1.5-3.5 cm, and the height of the sleeve is 2.5-4.5 cm. The buffer plug is made of rubber, nylon and the like, is an elastic structural member, and has the diameter of 1.5-3.5 cm and the height of 2.5-4.5 cm.

Theoretical analysis of floor thermal deformation:

under the action of heat load of a single heating pipe, the conventional floor can be simplified into a single span beam under concentrated load, and the schematic diagram of the deformation caused by heat deflection of the conventional floor is shown in FIG. 6. The deflection deformation omega is calculated by formula I.

According to the composite floor, the floor beam is equivalent to a double-span beam by arranging the keel structure and the elastic support in the whole floor in the first step, and the heat-radiating isolation cavity is formed between the sound-proof layer and the heat-conducting layer in the second step, so that the heat-conducting layer is uniformly heated, the heat load is changed from concentrated force to uniform load, and as shown in fig. 7, the deflection deformation omega of an equivalent beam model is calculated by the formulas II and III.

From the above, the thermal deformation of the composite floor panel under the same thermal load is about 1/128 of the deformation of the conventional floor panel.