阅读说明：本技术 一种车载发电机智能电压调节器及其控制方法 (Intelligent voltage regulator of vehicle-mounted generator and control method thereof ) 是由 王玉海 李连强 郑旭光 王松 于 2020-05-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种车载发电机智能电压调节器,包括电源模块、电流传感器信号采样模块、发电机电压采样模块、通讯模块、温度采样模块、MOSFET驱动模块、MOSFET模块、MCU模块、晶振模块。电流传感器信号采样模块采集外部电流传感器的信号值。MCU模块为智能电压调节器策略执行的物理器件,接收发电机电压采样模块、电流传感器信号采样模块、通讯模块、温度采样模块信号,执行策略运算,输出控制信号至MOSFET驱动模块,驱动MOSFET模块执行开关操作或高频脉宽调制输出操作。本发明功能完备、匹配灵活度高、保护功能全面。(The utility model provides a vehicle generator intelligence voltage regulator, includes power module, current sensor signal sampling module, generator voltage sampling module, communication module, temperature sampling module, MOSFET drive module, MOSFET module, MCU module, crystal oscillator module. The current sensor signal sampling module collects the signal value of an external current sensor. The MCU module is a physical device executed by the intelligent voltage regulator strategy, receives signals of the generator voltage sampling module, the current sensor signal sampling module, the communication module and the temperature sampling module, executes strategy operation, outputs a control signal to the MOSFET driving module, and drives the MOSFET module to execute switch operation or high-frequency pulse width modulation output operation. The invention has complete functions, high matching flexibility and comprehensive protection functions.)

1. The utility model provides a vehicle generator intelligence voltage regulator, includes power module, current sensor signal sampling module, generator voltage sampling module, communication module, temperature sampling module, MOSFET drive module, MOSFET module, MCU module, crystal oscillator module.

2. The intelligent voltage regulator of the vehicle generator according to claim 1, wherein: the power module, the current sensor signal sampling module, the generator voltage sampling module, the communication module, the temperature sampling module, the MOSFET driving module, the MOSFET module, the MCU module and the crystal oscillator module are arranged on the same printed circuit board.

3. The intelligent voltage regulator of the vehicle generator according to claim 2, wherein: the communication module comprises an intelligent voltage regulator and is communicated with an external assembly.

4. The intelligent voltage regulator of the vehicle generator according to claim 3, wherein: the communication module uses CAN communication or RS232 and RS485 communication modes.

5. The intelligent voltage regulator of the vehicle generator according to claim 4, wherein: the system also comprises a current sensor, a lithium battery pack, a battery management system, a generator stator coil, a generator rotor coil, a temperature sensor and a rectifier.

6. The intelligent voltage regulator of vehicle generator according to claim 5, characterized in that: the output end of the MOSFET module is connected with one end of the generator rotor coil, and the generator stator coil is connected with the rectifier.

7. A control method for an intelligent voltage regulator of a vehicle-mounted generator is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s101, the intelligent voltage regulator collects generator voltage, current value of a current sensor, temperature of a rectifier and the voltage regulator and temperature of an MOSFET (metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) through each internal sampling module, and also collects external voltage limiting or current limiting value and generator rotating speed from a communication module;

s102: the intelligent voltage regulator judges the working state of the generator according to the rotating speed of the engine, the voltage of the generator, the current value of the current sensor and the like;

s103: the intelligent voltage regulator controls the size of the excitation current of the generator rotor by executing the switch operation or high-frequency pulse width modulation of the MOSFET module;

s104: the intelligent voltage regulator compares the current temperature values of the rectifier and the MOSFET module with a set temperature value in real time, and when the sampling temperature exceeds the set temperature, the MOSFET module is closed, and the generator is in a shutdown protection mode.

8. A control method for an intelligent voltage regulator of a vehicle-mounted generator is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s201: the intelligent voltage regulator collects generator voltage, current value of a current sensor, temperature of a rectifier and the voltage regulator and MOSFET temperature through each internal sampling module, and also collects monomer voltage of a lithium battery pack, temperature of the lithium battery pack, nuclear charge number of the lithium battery pack, allowable charging current of the lithium battery pack, allowable discharging current of the lithium battery pack and real-time current of the lithium battery pack from the communication module;

s202, the intelligent voltage regulator judges the working state of the generator according to the rotating speed of the engine, the voltage of the generator, the current value of the current sensor and the like;

s203: the intelligent voltage regulator obtains the limit of the generating current of the generator according to the voltage of the generator, the current of the generator, the temperature of the lithium battery, the state of charge of the lithium battery and the allowable charging and discharging current of the lithium battery;

s204: the intelligent voltage regulator compares the current value of the generator with the target generating current value of the generator in real time, and controls the size of the exciting current of the rotor of the generator by executing the switch operation or high-frequency pulse width modulation of the MOSFET module;

s205: the intelligent voltage regulator compares the current temperature values of the rectifier and the MOSFET module with a set temperature value in real time, and when the sampling temperature exceeds the set temperature, the MOSFET module is closed, and the generator is in a shutdown protection mode.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of automotive electronics, and particularly relates to an intelligent voltage regulator of a vehicle-mounted generator and a control method thereof.

Background

The automobile generator is the main power supply of the automobile and has the function of supplying power to the electric equipment of the whole automobile and simultaneously charging the storage battery when the engine runs normally. The voltage regulator is an important part for stabilizing the work of the generator, the rotating speed of the engine has a large variation range from 800 rpm at the lowest to about 6000 rpm at the highest during the normal running of the automobile, a rotor of the generator of the automobile is connected with the generator through a belt transmission, the rotating speed varies along with the variation of the rotating speed of the engine, so that the output voltage of the generator fluctuates along with the variation of the rotating speed of the engine, and the electricity consumption of the automobile is damaged or works abnormally due to overhigh or overlow voltage.

With the development of technology and integrated circuit technology, voltage regulators are developed through contact voltage regulators, discrete component voltage regulators, integrated circuit voltage regulators, hybrid integrated circuit voltage regulators, etc., which have different structures and integration degrees, and basically the same regulation principle, and the output voltage of a generator is controlled by controlling the on/off of an excitation circuit of the generator or changing the magnitude of an excitation current.

The energy conservation of the automobile is an important aspect of automobile development, the energy conservation of the generator is an important subject of the energy conservation of the automobile, the matching characteristic of the vehicle-mounted generator and the electric appliance of the whole automobile is limited, the traditional voltage regulator still keeps the voltage regulation function in the state that the automobile storage battery is saturated or does not need to supply power, the mechanical loss of the engine is increased, and meanwhile, the overcharge problem exists in the battery pack. The rectifier is an important component of the automobile generator, alternating current of the generator is converted into direct current through a bridge type semiconductor array under the reverse cut-off action of a semiconductor, the direct current is influenced by the characteristics of semiconductor components, the heat productivity of the rectifier is large when the current is large, and the efficiency is reduced or even the components are damaged when the temperature exceeds a certain value. Aiming at the whole vehicle matched with the lithium battery pack, a vehicle generator is generally used as a charging power supply of a lithium battery, the vehicle generator is limited by the self performance of the lithium battery, and the charging and discharging current of the lithium battery pack needs to be limited in an allowable range for ensuring that the real-time charging and discharging current of the lithium battery pack is in an overhigh or overlow temperature and higher or lower electric quantity so as to ensure the safety of the lithium battery pack.

The voltage regulator of the vehicle-mounted generator which is commonly used at present is generally a transistor type voltage regulator, the interior of the voltage regulator is composed of a sampling circuit, a comparison circuit, a switching circuit and the like, the sampling current in the voltage regulator is used for acquiring the output voltage value of the generator, and the output voltage value is applied to the negative electrode end of a voltage stabilizing tube through the sampling voltage dividing value; when the sampling voltage is lower, the voltage-stabilizing tube keeps a high-resistance state, the controlled power tube at the rear end of the voltage-stabilizing tube keeps conduction, the voltage of the storage battery supplies power to the excitation coil through the conducted power tube, at the moment, the internal magnetic field of the generator is increased, and the output power of the engine is increased; when the sampling voltage is higher, the voltage-stabilizing tube is reversely broken down, the controlled power tube at the rear end is cut off, the magnet exciting coil circuit in the generator is cut off, no magnetic field exists in the generator, and the output power of the generator is reduced to zero.

The conventional voltage regulator for the vehicle-mounted generator only uses the voltage at the output end of the generator as an input voltage, the voltage dividing value of the internal voltage dividing circuit is compared with the reverse breakdown voltage of the voltage stabilizing tube to be used as a control signal source for on-off of the excitation current of the generator, the target voltage stabilizing value is determined by the voltage dividing circuit and the type of the voltage stabilizing diode, the voltage regulating value cannot be regulated according to other external signals such as an output circuit or limited output current, the voltage regulating value cannot be regulated after setting, meanwhile, the characteristics of all devices are different at different temperatures, and the actual voltage stabilizing value has a certain error with the set voltage stabilizing value. The conventional vehicle-mounted generator voltage regulator has the advantages of single function, solidified voltage regulating value, infinite current function, no active current regulating function, no temperature protection function and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems that the vehicle-mounted generator voltage regulator in the prior art is single in function, solidified in voltage regulation value, infinite in current function, free of active current regulation function, free of temperature protection function and the like, the invention provides the vehicle-mounted generator intelligent voltage regulator which is complete in function, high in matching flexibility, comprehensive in protection function and capable of being matched with a lithium battery power supply and the control method thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a vehicle generator intelligence voltage regulator, includes power module, current sensor signal sampling module, generator voltage sampling module, communication module, temperature sampling module, MOSFET drive module, MOSFET module, MCU module, crystal oscillator module, and above-mentioned module is preferably arranged on same printed circuit board.

The current sensor signal sampling module collects a signal value of an external current sensor.

The MCU module is a physical device executed by the intelligent voltage regulator strategy, receives signals of the generator voltage sampling module, the current sensor signal sampling module, the communication module and the temperature sampling module, executes strategy operation, outputs a control signal to the MOSFET driving module, and drives the MOSFET module to execute switch operation or high-frequency pulse width modulation output operation.

Further, the generator voltage sampling module collects a generator output voltage value at the intelligent voltage regulator end.

Further, the communication module comprises a communication module for communicating the intelligent voltage regulator with other external assemblies, such as a lithium battery management system, a vehicle control unit and the like.

Furthermore, the communication module uses CAN communication and CAN also adopt other communication bus modes such as RS232 and RS 485; the interactive information includes, but is not limited to, real-time allowable charging and discharging current of the lithium battery, real-time charging and discharging voltage of the lithium battery, temperature of the lithium battery, nuclear charge number of the lithium battery, load current of the whole vehicle, current limit of the generator, voltage limit of the generator and the like.

Furthermore, the MOSFET module controls the power supply end to be switched on and off from the output end of the intelligent voltage regulator through the MOSFET module by switching operation, the MOSFET module performs high-frequency pulse width modulation, and controls the power supply end to regulate the current from the output end of the intelligent voltage regulator through the MOSFET module.

Furthermore, the invention also comprises a current sensor, a lithium battery pack, a battery management system, a generator stator coil, a generator rotor coil, a temperature sensor, a rectifier and a load for the whole vehicle.

Further, the output terminal of the MOSFET module is connected to one end of the generator rotor coil. The generator stator coil is connected with the rectifier.

Furthermore, the power supply module converts the external power supply voltage of the intelligent voltage regulator into the power supply voltage of the internal chip and supplies power to the external current sensor. The intelligent voltage regulator is matched with a conventional vehicle type or a whole vehicle with a lithium battery pack through model adaptation.

Further, the invention also comprises a combination key switch, and the power supply module receives an ON gear signal or an associated signal of the combination key switch.

Further, the temperature sampling module collects current temperature values including but not limited to a rectifier and a voltage regulator.

A control method of an intelligent voltage regulator of a vehicle-mounted generator specifically comprises the following steps when the method is applied to a conventional vehicle model:

and S101, when the intelligent voltage regulator receives an ON blocking signal or a related signal of the combination key switch, the intelligent voltage regulator executes self-checking operation, and acquires the voltage of the generator, the current value of the current sensor, the temperature of the rectifier and the voltage regulator, the temperature of the MOSFET and the like through internal sampling modules, and also includes but is not limited to an external voltage limiting or current limiting value from a communication module, the rotating speed of the generator and the like.

S102: the intelligent voltage regulator judges the working state of the generator according to the rotating speed of the engine, the voltage of the generator, the current value of the current sensor and the like.

S103: the intelligent voltage regulator controls the size of the excitation current of the generator rotor by executing the switch operation or high-frequency pulse width modulation of the MOSFET module.

S104: the intelligent voltage regulator compares the current temperature values of the rectifier, the MOSFET module and the like with the set temperature value in real time, and when the sampling temperature exceeds the set temperature, the MOSFET module is closed, and the generator is in a shutdown protection mode.

Further, in S102, when the engine speed is less than the set threshold, the engine is considered to be not started, and the intelligent voltage regulator is in the standby mode.

Further, in S102, when the engine speed is greater than a set threshold, the MOSFET module is closed, if the current value of the current sensor is zero and the voltage of the generator is lower than a set voltage limiting value or an external voltage limiting value from the communication module, the generator is considered to be in a fault, and fault information is reported through the communication module; and if the current value of the current sensor is not zero and the voltage of the generator is lower than the set voltage limiting value or the external voltage limiting value from the communication module, entering a voltage regulating mode.

Further, in S103, comparing the voltage of the generator with the set voltage or the external voltage limiting value from the communication module in real time, and simultaneously comparing the real-time output current of the generator with the set output current or the external current limiting value from the communication module; and if the current value exceeds the set value, the MOSFET is closed and is in an unloading state.

A control method of an intelligent voltage regulator of a vehicle-mounted generator specifically comprises the following steps when the method is applied to a vehicle model matched with a lithium battery pack:

s201: when receiving an ON blocking signal or a correlation signal of the combination key switch, the intelligent voltage regulator executes self-checking operation, and collects the voltage of the generator, the current value of the current sensor, the temperature of the rectifier and the voltage regulator, the temperature of the MOSFET and the like through each internal sampling module, and further collects the voltage of the single lithium battery pack, the temperature of the lithium battery pack, the nuclear charge number of the lithium battery pack, the allowable charging current of the lithium battery pack, the allowable discharging current of the lithium battery pack, the real-time current of the lithium battery pack and the like from the communication module.

S202, the intelligent voltage regulator judges the working state of the generator according to the rotating speed of the engine, the voltage of the generator, the current value of the current sensor and the like.

S203: the intelligent voltage regulator obtains the generated current limit of the generator according to the conditions including but not limited to generator voltage, generator current, lithium battery temperature, lithium battery charge state, lithium battery allowable charging and discharging current and the like.

S204: the intelligent voltage regulator compares the current value of the generator with the target generating current value of the generator in real time, and controls the size of the exciting current of the rotor of the generator by executing the switch operation of the MOSFET module or high-frequency pulse width modulation.

S205: the intelligent voltage regulator compares the current temperature values of the rectifier, the MOSFET module and the like with the set temperature value in real time, and when the sampling temperature exceeds the set temperature, the MOSFET module is closed, and the generator is in a shutdown protection mode.

Further, in S202, when the engine speed is less than the set threshold, the engine is considered to be not started, and the intelligent voltage regulator is in the standby mode.

Further, in S202, when the engine speed is greater than the set threshold, the MOSFET module is closed, and if the current value of the current sensor is zero and the generator voltage is lower than the set voltage limiting value or an external voltage limiting value from the communication module, the generator is considered to be in a fault, and fault information is reported through the communication module; and if the current value of the current sensor is not zero and the voltage of the generator is lower than the set voltage limiting value or the external voltage limiting value from the communication module, entering a voltage regulating mode.

Further, in S203, the intelligent voltage regulator obtains a load current of the entire vehicle according to the output current of the generator and the real-time current of the lithium battery; when the lithium battery pack is in a charging state, the charging current of the lithium battery is subtracted from the output current of the generator, and when the lithium battery is in a generating state, the discharging current of the lithium battery is added to the output circuit of the generator.

Further, in S203, when the lithium battery pack battery management system reports the allowable charging current and the allowable discharging current of the lithium battery pack in real time, the intelligent voltage regulator directly uses the allowable charging current and the allowable discharging current of the lithium battery pack as the excitation current regulation limit values; when the lithium battery pack battery management system does not report the allowable charging current and the allowable discharging current of the lithium battery pack, the intelligent voltage regulator obtains the real-time allowable charging current and the real-time allowable discharging current of the lithium battery according to the nuclear charge number of the lithium battery and the temperature of the lithium battery.

Further, in S203, a generator power generation current value range value is obtained through the entire vehicle load current and the allowable charge and discharge current of the lithium battery pack; the maximum power generation value of the generator is the sum of the load current value of the whole vehicle and the allowable charging current value of the lithium battery pack; when the difference between the load current of the whole vehicle and the allowable discharge current of the lithium battery pack is larger than zero, the minimum power generation value of the generator is the difference, and when the difference is smaller than or equal to zero, the minimum power generation current value of the generator is zero.

Further, in S203, when the lithium battery pack is in a high nuclear power state, the target power generation current value of the generator is close to the minimum power generation current value of the generator; when the nuclear power state of the lithium battery pack is low, the target power generation current value of the generator is close to the maximum power generation current value of the generator; preferably, the power generation state of the lithium battery pack is obtained by using a calibratable MAP with the abscissa and the ordinate as the value coefficient of the power generation current of the generator.

Further, in S204, when the generator current value is greater than the generator target generation current value, the intelligent voltage regulator turns off the MOSFET module, the generator rotor coil does not have excitation current, the generator output power decreases, and the generator current value decreases; when the current value of the generator is smaller than the target generating current value of the generator, the intelligent voltage regulator starts the MOSFET module, the exciting current of a rotor coil of the generator is increased, the output power of the generator is increased, and the current value of the generator is increased.

Further, in S204, when the generator target generation current is zero, the MOSFET module is turned off, and the generator idles and is in an unloading state.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the intelligent voltage regulator can be applied to the whole vehicle of a conventional lead-acid battery, and performs voltage limiting or current limiting operation in a closed-loop operation by taking the actual output voltage and the actual output current of the generator as feedback based on a set voltage limit value, an external current limit value and an external voltage limit value;

2. when the intelligent voltage regulator is matched with a conventional vehicle model, the intelligent voltage regulator compares the actual output voltage of the generator with a set voltage limit value or an external voltage limit value to execute on-off or current-limiting control of the excitation current of the generator, the set voltage is adjustable and can be calibrated, and meanwhile, the external voltage limit can execute correction according to other strategy units of the whole vehicle, so that the flexibility of voltage regulation is improved;

3. when the control method is applied to the whole vehicle matched with the lithium battery pack, on-off or current-limiting control of the excitation current of the generator is executed based on comparison between the generating current of the generator and the target current of the generator according to the requirement of the lithium battery pack for allowing charging and discharging current and nuclear power state maintenance, so that the safety of the lithium battery pack is ensured, and meanwhile, the maximum utilization of the electric energy of the whole vehicle is achieved;

4. the value coefficient of the generating current of the generator is controlled by using the calibrated MAP, and the generating intensity of the generator can be controlled by different nuclear power states of the lithium battery, so that the lithium battery pack is maintained in a certain charge state range, and the performance and the service life of the lithium battery pack are optimized;

5. the intelligent voltage regulator also collects the temperature of a generator rectifier, an internal MOSFET module and the like in real time, and actively reduces the power when the temperature of the component exceeds a set threshold temperature, so that the load is protected, and the temperature of the component is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an intelligent voltage regulator of a vehicle generator;

fig. 2 is a matching schematic diagram of an intelligent voltage regulator of an on-board generator.

Detailed Description

For the convenience of understanding, the technical scheme of the invention is further described in detail by embodiments with reference to the attached drawings:

as shown in fig. 1 and 2, an intelligent voltage regulator of a vehicle-mounted generator comprises a power supply module, a current sensor signal sampling module, a generator voltage sampling module, a communication module, a temperature sampling module, a MOSFET driving module, a MOSFET module, an MCU module, a crystal oscillator module, an intelligent voltage regulator, a current sensor, a lithium battery pack, a battery management system, a generator stator coil, a generator rotor coil, a temperature sensor, a rectifier, a combination key switch and a power load of the whole vehicle.

An ON gear signal pin of the power supply module is connected with an ON gear output of the combination key switch, and when the switch is closed, the intelligent voltage regulator is powered ON and self-checks; a power supply pin of the power supply module is connected with the positive electrode output end of the lithium battery pack at the end close to the lithium battery pack; and a sensor power supply pin of the power supply module is connected with a power supply pin of the current sensor.

The power supply module converts the external power supply voltage of the intelligent voltage regulator into the power supply voltage of the internal chip and supplies power to the external current sensor; and the power module receives an ON gear signal or an associated signal of a combination key switch of the whole vehicle.

The current sensor is arranged near the rectifier end and connected with the output end of the rectifier; the signal output value of the current sensor is connected with a current sensor sampling module of the intelligent voltage regulator; the whole vehicle load is arranged between the current sensor and the lithium battery pack.

A current sensor signal sampling module acquires a signal value of an external current sensor; the current sensor collects the output current of the generator end; for on-board battery systems that are matched to a no battery management system or no current sensor, but not limited to, collecting terminal current of the on-board battery system is also included.

The sampling line of the generator voltage sampling module is connected with the output end of the rectifier near the rectifier end. The generator voltage sampling module collects a generator output voltage value close to the intelligent voltage regulator end.

The generator voltage sampling module collects a generator output voltage value close to the intelligent voltage regulator end.

The communication module comprises an intelligent voltage regulator and is used for communicating with other external assemblies, including but not limited to a lithium battery management system, a vehicle control unit and the like. The communication module preferably uses CAN communication, and CAN also adopt other communication bus modes such as RS232 and RS 485; the interactive information includes, but is not limited to, real-time allowable charging and discharging current of the lithium battery, real-time charging and discharging voltage of the lithium battery, temperature of the lithium battery, nuclear charge number of the lithium battery, load current of the whole vehicle, current limit of the generator, voltage limit of the generator and the like.

The temperature sampling module collects the current temperature value of the rectifier and the voltage regulator.

The output end of the MOSFET module is connected with one end of the generator rotor coil.

The MOSFET driving module can drive the MOSFET module to execute switching operation, the MOSFET module controls the power supply end to be disconnected and connected to the output end of the intelligent voltage regulator through the MOSFET module through the switching operation, the MOSFET module performs high-frequency pulse width modulation, and the power supply end is controlled to regulate the current from the output end of the intelligent voltage regulator through the MOSFET module.

The MCU module is a physical device executed by the intelligent voltage regulator strategy, receives signals of the generator voltage sampling module, the current sensor signal sampling module, the communication module and the temperature sampling module, executes strategy operation, outputs a control signal to the MOSFET driving module, and drives the MOSFET module to execute switch operation or high-frequency pulse width modulation output operation. The intelligent voltage regulator is matched with a conventional vehicle type or a whole vehicle with a lithium battery pack through model adaptation. The intelligent voltage regulator compares the current temperature values of the rectifier, the MOSFET module and the like with the set temperature value in real time, and when the sampling temperature exceeds the set temperature, the MOSFET module is closed.

The generator stator coil is connected to the rectifier in the same manner as a conventional on-board alternator.

The battery management system is a battery management system of the lithium battery pack, realizes the functions of monitoring the single voltage, the module temperature and the output current of the lithium battery pack, monitoring the nuclear power state of the lithium battery pack, allowing the charging and discharging current to be estimated and the like, and is connected with a communication module of the intelligent voltage regulator through an internal communication module through a CAN bus to realize the report of state information.

A control method of an intelligent voltage regulator of a vehicle-mounted generator comprises the following specific steps when the method is applied to a conventional vehicle model:

and S101, when the intelligent voltage regulator receives an ON blocking signal or a related signal of the combination key switch, the intelligent voltage regulator executes self-checking operation, and acquires the voltage of the generator, the current value of the current sensor, the temperature of the rectifier and the voltage regulator, the temperature of the MOSFET and the like through internal sampling modules, and also includes but is not limited to an external voltage limiting or current limiting value from a communication module, the rotating speed of the generator and the like.

S102: the intelligent voltage regulator judges the working state of the generator according to the rotating speed of the engine, the voltage of the generator, the current value of the current sensor and the like.

When the engine speed is less than the set threshold value, the engine is not started, and the intelligent voltage regulator is in a standby mode.

When the rotating speed of the engine is greater than a set threshold value, the MOSFET module is closed, if the current value of the current sensor is zero and the voltage of the generator is lower than a set voltage limiting value or an external voltage limiting value from the communication module, the generator is considered to be in fault, and fault information is reported through the communication module; and if the current value of the current sensor is not zero and the voltage of the generator is lower than the set voltage limiting value or the external voltage limiting value from the communication module, entering a voltage regulating mode.

S103: the intelligent voltage regulator controls the size of the excitation current of the generator rotor by executing the switch operation or high-frequency pulse width modulation of the MOSFET module.

The intelligent voltage regulator compares the voltage of the generator with a set voltage or an external voltage limiting value from the communication module in real time, and compares the real-time output current of the generator with a set output current or an external current limiting value from the communication module at the same time; and if the current value exceeds the set value, the MOSFET is closed and is in an unloading state.

S104: the intelligent voltage regulator compares the current temperature values of the rectifier, the MOSFET module and the like with the set temperature value in real time, and when the sampling temperature exceeds the set temperature, the MOSFET module is closed, and the generator is in a shutdown protection mode.

A control method of an intelligent voltage regulator of a vehicle-mounted generator comprises the following specific operation steps when the control method is applied to a vehicle model matched with a lithium battery pack:

s201: when receiving an ON blocking signal or a correlation signal of the combination key switch, the intelligent voltage regulator executes self-checking operation, and collects the voltage of the generator, the current value of the current sensor, the temperature of the rectifier and the voltage regulator, the temperature of the MOSFET and the like through each internal sampling module, and further collects the voltage of the single lithium battery pack, the temperature of the lithium battery pack, the nuclear charge number of the lithium battery pack, the allowable charging current of the lithium battery pack, the allowable discharging current of the lithium battery pack, the real-time current of the lithium battery pack and the like from the communication module.

S202, the intelligent voltage regulator judges the working state of the generator according to the rotating speed of the engine, the voltage of the generator, the current value of the current sensor and the like.

When the engine speed is less than the set threshold value, the engine is not started, and the intelligent voltage regulator is in a standby mode.

When the rotating speed of the engine is greater than a set threshold value, the MOSFET module is closed, if the current value of the current sensor is zero and the voltage of the generator is lower than a set voltage limiting value or an external voltage limiting value from the communication module, the generator is considered to be in fault, and fault information is reported through the communication module; and if the current value of the current sensor is not zero and the voltage of the generator is lower than the set voltage limiting value or the external voltage limiting value from the communication module, entering a voltage regulating mode.

S203: the intelligent voltage regulator obtains the generated current limit of the generator according to the conditions including but not limited to generator voltage, generator current, lithium battery temperature, lithium battery charge state, lithium battery allowable charging and discharging current and the like.

The intelligent voltage regulator obtains the load current of the whole vehicle according to the output current of the generator and the real-time current of the lithium battery; when the lithium battery pack is in a charging state, the charging current of the lithium battery is subtracted from the output current of the generator, and when the lithium battery is in a generating state, the discharging current of the lithium battery is added to the output circuit of the generator.

When the lithium battery pack battery management system reports the allowable charging current and the allowable discharging current of the lithium battery pack in real time, the intelligent voltage regulator directly uses the allowable charging current and the allowable discharging current of the lithium battery pack as the excitation current regulation limit value; when the lithium battery pack battery management system does not report the allowable charging current and the allowable discharging current of the lithium battery pack, the intelligent voltage regulator obtains the real-time allowable charging current and the real-time allowable discharging current of the lithium battery according to the nuclear charge number of the lithium battery and the temperature of the lithium battery.

Obtaining a generator generating current value range value through the load current of the whole vehicle and the allowable charging and discharging current of the lithium battery pack; the maximum power generation value of the generator is the sum of the load current value of the whole vehicle and the allowable charging current value of the lithium battery pack; when the difference between the load current of the whole vehicle and the allowable discharge current of the lithium battery pack is larger than zero, the minimum power generation value of the generator is the difference, and when the difference is smaller than or equal to zero, the minimum power generation current value of the generator is zero.

When the nuclear power state of the lithium battery pack is high, the target power generation current value of the generator is close to the minimum power generation current value of the generator; when the nuclear power state of the lithium battery pack is low, the target power generation current value of the generator is close to the maximum power generation current value of the generator; preferably, the power generation state of the lithium battery pack is obtained by using a calibratable MAP with the abscissa and the ordinate as the value coefficient of the power generation current of the generator.

S204: the intelligent voltage regulator compares the current value of the generator with the target generating current value of the generator in real time, and controls the size of the exciting current of the rotor of the generator by executing the switch operation of the MOSFET module or high-frequency pulse width modulation.

When the current value of the generator is larger than the target generating current value of the generator, the intelligent voltage regulator closes the MOSFET module, no exciting current exists in a rotor coil of the generator, the output power of the generator is reduced, and the current value of the generator is reduced; when the current value of the generator is smaller than the target generating current value of the generator, the intelligent voltage regulator starts the MOSFET module, the exciting current of a rotor coil of the generator is increased, the output power of the generator is increased, and the current value of the generator is increased.

When the target generating current of the generator is zero, the MOSFET module is closed, and the generator idles and is in an unloading state.

S205: the intelligent voltage regulator compares the current temperature values of the rectifier, the MOSFET module and the like with the set temperature value in real time, and when the sampling temperature exceeds the set temperature, the MOSFET module is closed, and the generator is in a shutdown protection mode.

The above embodiments are merely illustrative or explanatory of the technical solution of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the technical solution of the present invention, and it is apparent that various modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The present invention also encompasses these modifications and variations provided they come within the scope of the claims and their equivalents.