阅读说明：本技术 具有自净化功能的虾蟹生态养殖系统和养殖方法 (Shrimp and crab ecological breeding system with self-purification function and breeding method ) 是由 何文辉 于 2018-12-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种具有自净化功能的虾蟹生态养殖系统和养殖方法,所述系统包括：生态养殖单元、沉砂池、初级净化单元、沉水植物净化单元以及若干套曝气装置。利用上述系统可以养殖虾和蟹,同时实现养殖尾水的净化和回收再利用,避免了养殖尾水的排放,节约用水。同时养殖的虾蟹大于市场的平均重量,具有明显的优势。(The invention provides a shrimp and crab ecological breeding system with a self-purification function and a breeding method, wherein the system comprises: ecological breed unit, grit chamber, primary purification unit, benthophyte purification unit and a plurality of sets of aeration equipment. The system can be used for culturing shrimps and crabs, and simultaneously realizes the purification and recycling of the culture tail water, thereby avoiding the discharge of the culture tail water and saving water. Meanwhile, the cultured shrimps and crabs have the weight larger than the average weight of the market, and the method has obvious advantages.)

1. A shrimp and crab ecological breeding system with a self-purification function is characterized by at least comprising:

a grit chamber (2), a primary purification unit, a submerged plant purification unit, an ecological culture unit and a plurality of sets of aeration devices,

the primary purification unit comprises a primary purification tank (3); a first aquatic plant is arranged in the primary purification tank;

the submerged plant purification unit comprises a submerged plant purification tank (4), and a second aquatic plant is arranged in the submerged plant purification tank;

the ecological breeding unit comprises an ecological breeding pond (1), and third aquatic plants are arranged in the ecological breeding pond;

the ecological culture pond (1), the grit chamber (2), the primary purification pond (3) and the submerged plant purification pond (4) are sequentially in fluid communication to form a circulation passage,

the aeration device comprises a motor, an aeration head and a pipeline, the motor is connected with the aeration head through the pipeline, and the aeration head is arranged in the ecological culture pond, the primary purification pond and the submerged plant purification pond.

2. The shrimp and crab ecological breeding system with the self-purification function as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the ecological culture unit comprises a plurality of ecological culture ponds, and the total volume of the ecological culture ponds (1): volume of the grit chamber (2): the volume of the submerged plant purification tank (4) is 120-150: 1: 2 to 3.

3. The shrimp and crab ecological breeding system with the self-purification function as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the system still includes tail water collecting pipe way (101) and purified water inflow pipeline (104), tail water collecting pipe says and is used for discharging the tail water in ecological breed pond (4), purified water inflow pipeline (104) are used for flowing into ecological breed pond (4) with the water drainage after purifying, according to water flow direction, purified water inflow pipeline (104) are established the upper reaches at whole water, tail water collecting pipe way (101) are established the low reaches at whole water, tail water collecting pipe way (101) are through tail water collection canal (102) intercommunication grit chamber (102).

4. The shrimp and crab ecological breeding system with the self-purification function as claimed in claim 1, wherein: a first pump is arranged between the tail water collecting channel and the grit chamber, the tail water in the tail water collecting channel is pumped into the grit chamber, and the grit chamber (2) is communicated with the primary purification tank (3) through an overflow channel (201) so that water in the grit chamber (2) enters the primary purification tank (3) through overflow; a second pump (301) is arranged between the primary purification tank (3) and the submerged plant purification tank (4), and the second pump (301) is used for pumping water in the primary purification tank (3) into the submerged plant purification tank (4); and a third pump (401) is arranged between the submerged plant purification tank (4) and the ecological culture tank (2), and the third pump (401) is used for pumping water in the submerged plant purification tank (4) into the ecological culture tank (1).

5. The shrimp and crab ecological breeding system with the self-purification function as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the dissolved oxygen amount of the submerged plant purification tank (4) and the ecological culture tank (1) is not less than 4mg/l, and the aeration heads are uniformly distributed in the water area.

6. The shrimp and crab ecological breeding system with the self-purification function as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first aquatic plant, the second aquatic plant and the third aquatic plant are selected from one or more of tape grass, hydrilla verticillata and lineare erythrostica.

7. Use of the self-purification shrimp-crab ecological breeding system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 for breeding shrimps and/or crabs.

8. A method for breeding shrimps and crabs by using the shrimp and crab ecological breeding system with self-purification function as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, which comprises the following steps:

(1) putting hairy crab seedlings into the ecological culture pond (1) within 20 days before Qingming festival every year, putting hairy crab seedlings according to the amount of 500 plus 700 tails/mu and starting to put in feed and aerate;

(2) putting shrimp seeds into the ecological culture pond (1) in 5 months every year, and putting the shrimp seeds according to the amount of 500-700 tails/mu;

(3) harvesting the shrimps in 10 months per year;

(4) the crabs are harvested 10 to 11 months per year.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein: the dissolved oxygen in the submerged plant purification tank (4) and the dissolved oxygen in the ecological culture tank (1) are not lower than 4mg/l, and the aeration refers to aeration once in the morning and at night, aeration for 1.5-2.5 hours in the morning and aeration for 2-4 hours at night;

and/or putting macrobrachium nipponensis and snails into the submerged plant purification tank (4), wherein the putting amount of the macrobrachium nipponensis is 8-12 kg per mu, and the feeding amount of the snails is 20-30 kg per mu.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein: the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight:

1-10 parts of pumpkin;

1-10 parts of corn;

1-10 parts of purple sweet potato;

1-10 parts of fish meat.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein: the preparation method of the feed comprises the steps of mixing, cooking and crushing the raw materials, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is 15-25% of the total weight of the shrimps and the crabs every day.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein: the method further comprises the following steps: the water exchange capacity in the system every day is 5-10% of the total water in the system. .

Technical Field

The invention relates to a shrimp and crab culture system, in particular to a shrimp and crab ecological culture system with a self-purification function and a culture method.

Background

The ecological breeding technology is to apply the ecological principle, protect the diversity and stability of the water area organisms and reasonably utilize various resources to obtain the best ecological benefit and economic benefit. The ecological breeding utilizes pollution-free water areas such as lakes, reservoirs, rivers and natural baits or applies ecological technical measures to improve the breeding water quality and the ecological environment, carries out proliferation and breeding according to a specific breeding mode, puts in pollution-free feed, does not apply fertilizers and sprinkles the medicines, and aims to produce pollution-free green food and organic food. The livestock and poultry products of ecological breeding are popular with consumers due to high quality and good taste, and the supply of the products is not in demand.

The condition of utilizing ecological environment to breed shrimps and crabs has appeared at present, but the in-process of ecological breeding also can appear and breed sewage, is unfavorable for environmental protection, and ecological breeding sewage is less, but if not handled, also can be unfavorable for ecological environment's protection.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new ecological cultivation system.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides an ecological shrimp and crab culture system and method with self-purification function, which is used to solve the problem that the ecological culture sewage cannot be recycled in the prior art.

In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention provides an ecological shrimp and crab farming system with a self-purification function, the system comprising: a grit chamber, a primary purification unit, a submerged plant purification unit, an ecological breeding unit and a plurality of sets of aeration devices,

the primary purification unit comprises a primary purification tank, and first aquatic plants are arranged in the primary purification tank;

the submerged plant purification unit comprises a submerged plant purification tank, and a second aquatic plant is arranged in the submerged plant purification tank;

the ecological breeding unit comprises an ecological breeding pond, and third aquatic plants are arranged in the ecological breeding pond;

the grit chamber, the primary purification tank, the submerged plant purification tank and the ecological culture tank are sequentially in fluid communication to form a closed circulation passage,

the aeration device comprises a motor, an aeration head and a pipeline, the motor is connected with the aeration head through the pipeline, and the aeration head is arranged in the ecological culture pond, the primary purification pond and the submerged plant purification pond.

The ecological culture pond is used for culturing shrimps and/or crabs, the grit chamber is used for clarifying culture tail water, the primary purification tank is used for primarily purifying the tail water, and the submerged plant purification tank is used for further purifying the tail water.

Further, the volume of the ecological culture pond is as follows: the volume of the grit chamber: the volume of the submerged plant purification tank is 120-150: 1: 2 to 3.

The system still includes tail water collecting tube and purification rivers income pipeline, tail water collecting tube is used for discharging the tail water in ecological breed pond, purification rivers go into the pipeline and are used for going into ecological breed pond with the water drainage after purifying, according to water flow direction, purification rivers go into the upper reaches of pipeline and establish at whole water, tail water collecting tube establishes the low reaches at whole water, tail water collecting tube passes through tail water collecting channel intercommunication grit chamber.

Furthermore, be equipped with first pump between tailwater collecting channel and the grit chamber, be used for pumping the tailwater in the tailwater collecting channel into the grit chamber. The grit chamber and the primary purification tank are communicated through an overflow channel, so that water in the grit chamber enters the primary purification tank through overflow. And a second pump is arranged between the primary purification tank and the submerged plant purification tank, and the second pump pumps the water in the primary purification tank into the submerged plant purification tank. And a third pump is arranged between the submerged plant purification tank and the ecological culture tank and is used for pumping water in the submerged plant purification tank into the ecological culture tank.

Furthermore, the area of each ecological culture pond is 5000-.

Furthermore, the grit chamber has a depth of 1-1.5m and an area of 200-.

Further, the primary purification depth is 1.2-1.7m, and the area is 400-600 square meters.

Furthermore, the submerged plant purification tank has the depth of 2-3m and the area of 15000 square meters to 16000 square meters.

Further, the designed dissolved oxygen in the submerged plant purification tank is not less than 4mg/l, and the designed dissolved oxygen in the ecological culture tank is not less than 4 mg/l.

Further, the primary purification tank is provided with 2-3 sets of aeration devices; 4-5 sets of aeration devices are arranged in the submerged plant purification tank, 1-3 sets of aeration devices are arranged in each ecological culture tank, the power of a motor in each aeration device is 1.5-3KW, and the aeration heads are uniformly distributed in a water area.

Further, the first aquatic plant, the second aquatic plant and the third aquatic plant are all selected from any one or more of eel grass (Vallisneria natans (L our.) Hara), Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrilla verticillata) and red line grass (Solanaceae).

Furthermore, the first aquatic plant occupies more than 90% of the water area and mainly takes hydrilla verticillata as the main part. The primary purifying pool mainly takes stain-resistant plants as main materials, and has a better purifying effect.

Furthermore, the second aquatic plant occupies 80-90% of the water area, and the tape grass is mainly used.

Furthermore, the third aquatic plant occupies 80-90% of the water area, and mainly comprises tape grass.

Furthermore, the side slope and the shallow water area of the submerged plant purification pond are planted with floating-leaf plants, and the floating-leaf plants can be either or both of water lily (Nymphaea L.) or lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.).

In another aspect of the invention, the shrimp and crab ecological breeding system with the self-purification function is used for breeding shrimps and/or crabs.

In another aspect of the invention, a method for breeding shrimps and crabs by using the shrimp and crab ecological breeding system with the self-purification function is provided, and the method at least comprises the following steps:

(1) putting hairy crab seedlings into the ecological culture pond within 20 days before Ming festival every year, putting the hairy crab seedlings according to the amount of 500 plus 700 tails/mu, and starting to put in feed and aerate;

(2) putting shrimp seeds into the ecological culture pond in 5 months every year, and putting the shrimp seeds according to the amount of 800 plus one 1000 shrimp seeds/mu;

(3) harvesting the shrimps in 10 months per year;

(4) the crabs are harvested 10 to 11 months per year.

Further, the aeration is carried out once in the morning and once in the evening, 1.5 to 2.5 hours in the morning and 2 to 4 hours in the evening.

Further, the morning refers to 7-10 o 'clock, and the evening refers to 5-10 o' clock.

Furthermore, the dissolved oxygen in the submerged plant purification tank and the dissolved oxygen in the ecological culture tank are not less than 4 mg/l.

Further, the method further comprises: and putting the Macrobrachium nipponensis (Macrobrachium nipponense) and the snails into the submerged plant purification tank, wherein for example, any one or more of square ring arris snails (Bellamya quadrata) and cerulosa cruris snails (Bellamya aeruginosa) can be selected, the putting amount of the Macrobrachium nipponensis is 8-12 kg per mu, and the snails are 20-30 kg per mu. Generally, macrobrachium nipponensis and snails can be thrown in the submerged plants after the submerged plants are cultivated. Its main purpose is to build a more harmonious ecological environment and secondly to generate economic value.

Further, the water exchange capacity in the system per day is 5-10% of the total water in the system. . Water body exchange generally refers to a method of introducing purified water bodies into the culture system so as to exchange water bodies in the culture system, and feed is not usually put in the water bodies during or before and after the water body exchange.

According to the preferable scheme, all the water pumps are started every 10-15 days, so that the circulating water amount is the amount of wastewater generated in all the culture ponds in each ecological culture pond, namely the clear water yield, and the circulating water amount is recycled into the culture ponds to achieve water balance. Generally, the time for starting the water pump once is 6-8 hours. The method can ensure that the water in the ecological culture pond can be completely replaced. More preferably once every 10 days.

Further, the feed comprises the following components in parts by weight:

1-10 parts of pumpkin;

1-10 parts of corn;

1-10 parts of purple sweet potato;

1-10 parts of fish meat.

Cucurbita moschata (Duch. Ex L am.) Duch. Ex Poir. [ C.pepo L. var. Moschata Duch. Ex L am ], a fruit of Cucurbitaceae plant Cucurbita moschata.

Zea mays L is seed of Zea mays L.of Gramineae.

Purple sweet potato: solanum tuberodsm, a rhizome of sweet potato.

The fish meat can be small fish with low price.

In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the feed, the method comprising: the above raw materials are mixed, cooked, and crushed, for example, into 0.5-1cm granules.

In another aspect of the present invention, the feed is administered in an amount of 15 to 25% by weight of the total weight of the shrimps and the crabs per day. Since a small part of the shrimps and crabs are thrown into the net during the cultivation process, the worker can know the sizes of the shrimps and the crabs.

Further, the time of feeding the feed every day is evening.

As mentioned above, the shrimp and crab ecological breeding system and the breeding method with the self-purification function have the following beneficial effects:

the shrimps and the crabs are cultured in the same pond, the living habits of the shrimps and the crabs are different, and the shrimps and the crabs make up for each other, so that a more harmonious ecological environment is constructed. The number of shrimps obtained in the harvest season can reach 2-3/one, the number of male crabs can reach 4/one, the number of female crabs can reach 3-3.5/one, and the method has obvious advantages in the shrimp and crab market. Meanwhile, the aquaculture sewage can be effectively treated by the self-contained purification system, and the treated sewage can be recycled, so that the aims of energy conservation and environmental protection are fulfilled.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.

Description of the element reference numerals

1 ecological culture pond

101 tail water collecting pipeline

102 tail water collecting channel

103 first pump

104 purified water flows into the pipeline

2 grit chamber

201 overflow channel

3 Primary purifying pool

301 second pump

302 second canal

4 submerged plant purifying tank

401 third pump

402 third conduit

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be understood that the processing equipment or apparatus not specifically identified in the following examples is conventional in the art. Furthermore, it is to be understood that one or more method steps mentioned in the present invention does not exclude that other method steps may also be present before or after the combined steps or that other method steps may also be inserted between these explicitly mentioned steps, unless otherwise indicated; it is also to be understood that a combined connection between one or more devices/apparatus as referred to in the present application does not exclude that further devices/apparatus may be present before or after the combined device/apparatus or that further devices/apparatus may be interposed between two devices/apparatus explicitly referred to, unless otherwise indicated. Moreover, unless otherwise indicated, the numbering of the various method steps is merely a convenient tool for identifying the various method steps, and is not intended to limit the order in which the method steps are arranged or the scope of the invention in which the invention may be practiced, and changes or modifications in the relative relationship may be made without substantially changing the technical content.