阅读说明：本技术 一种用于制备掺杂gos闪烁粉体的方法 (Method for preparing GOS-doped scintillation powder ) 是由 王宇 顾鹏 梁振兴 李敏 于 2020-06-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请实施例公开了一种用于制备掺杂GOS闪烁粉体的方法。该方法包括：将预设比例的氧化钆和稀土氧化物溶解于硫酸溶液中,得到盐溶液；将所述盐溶液反向滴定至沉淀剂中,得到包括前驱体的溶液,其中,所述沉淀剂用于沉淀所述盐溶液以得到所述前驱体；通过氨水调节所述包括所述前驱体的溶液的pH值,以使所述包括所述前驱体的溶液的pH值与预设pH值的差值小于预设阈值；对所述包括所述前驱体的溶液进行过滤处理,得到所述前驱体；以及对所述前驱体进行退火处理,得到所述掺杂GOS闪烁粉体。根据本申请实施例,可以制得粒径小、纯度高的掺杂GOS闪烁粉体。(The embodiment of the application discloses a method for preparing GOS-doped scintillation powder. The method comprises the following steps: dissolving gadolinium oxide and rare earth oxide in a preset proportion in a sulfuric acid solution to obtain a salt solution; back titrating the salt solution into a precipitant to obtain a solution containing a precursor, wherein the precipitant is used for precipitating the salt solution to obtain the precursor; adjusting the pH value of the solution containing the precursor by ammonia water so that the difference value between the pH value of the solution containing the precursor and a preset pH value is smaller than a preset threshold value; filtering the solution containing the precursor to obtain the precursor; and annealing the precursor to obtain the GOS-doped scintillation powder. According to the embodiment of the application, the GOS-doped scintillation powder with small particle size and high purity can be prepared.)

1. A method for preparing a GOS-doped scintillating powder, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

dissolving gadolinium oxide and rare earth oxide in a preset proportion in a sulfuric acid solution to obtain a salt solution;

back titrating the salt solution into a precipitant to obtain a solution containing a precursor, wherein the precipitant is used for precipitating the salt solution to obtain the precursor;

adjusting the pH value of the solution containing the precursor by ammonia water so that the difference value between the pH value of the solution containing the precursor and a preset pH value is smaller than a preset threshold value;

filtering the solution containing the precursor to obtain the precursor; and

and annealing the precursor to obtain the GOS-doped scintillation powder.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the precipitant comprises at least one of urea, ammonia, sodium hydroxide, and ammonium bicarbonate.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the precipitating agent further comprises a surfactant, and the mass fraction of the surfactant is 0.15% -1%.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the surfactant comprises at least one of polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dodecylsulfate, sodium hexametaphosphate.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined pH is 7-8.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the filtration treatment comprises at least one of atmospheric filtration or reduced pressure filtration.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the filtering the solution including the precursor to obtain the precursor comprises:

carrying out first filtration treatment on the solution comprising the precursor under normal pressure; and

and carrying out second filtration treatment on the solution subjected to the first filtration treatment in a vacuum filtration manner.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the filtration process is performed using a filter cloth.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the solution comprising the precursor is subjected to a filtration process to obtain the precursor, the method further comprises:

and washing the precursor by adopting deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol alternately.

10. The method of claim 1,

the annealing treatment is carried out in a flowing atmosphere,

the temperature of the annealing treatment is 900-1300 ℃, and

the time of the annealing treatment is 1-2 h.

11. The method of claim 10,

the flowing atmosphere is hydrogen; and

the flow rate of the flowing atmosphere is 3ml/min-5 ml/min.

12. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the GOS-doped scintillating powder has a molecular formula: (Gd)_{1- x}Re_x)₂O₂S, wherein the content of the first and second substances,

re consists of one or more of Ce, Pr, Tb, Eu, Dy, Yb, Er and Ho; and

0<x≤0.15。

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of powder preparation, in particular to a method for preparing doped GOS (Gd) by adopting a chemical coprecipitation method₂O₂S) a method for flashing powder.

Background

A scintillating material (e.g., scintillating ceramic) is a functional material capable of converting high-energy rays or particles into ultraviolet-visible light, which is widely used in the fields of medical imaging, security inspection, oil and gas exploration, industrial inspection, and high-energy physics. If impurities exist in the raw materials for preparing the scintillation material or the quality of the raw materials is poor, the performance of the scintillation material is directly influenced. For example, when GOS scintillating ceramic is used, birefringence occurs if impurities exist, and the light transmittance is not good. In the preparation process of the GOS scintillating ceramic, the preparation of the GOS scintillating powder is the most basic and important link, and the quality of the GOS scintillating powder directly influences the quality of the GOS scintillating ceramic. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for preparing GOS scintillating powder to improve the quality of GOS scintillating powder, and further improve the quality of GOS scintillating ceramic.

Disclosure of Invention

One embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a GOS-doped scintillating powder. The method comprises the following steps: dissolving gadolinium oxide and rare earth oxide in a preset proportion in a sulfuric acid solution to obtain a salt solution; back titrating the salt solution into a precipitant to obtain a solution containing a precursor, wherein the precipitant is used for precipitating the salt solution to obtain the precursor; adjusting the pH value of the solution containing the precursor by ammonia water so that the difference value between the pH value of the solution containing the precursor and a preset pH value is smaller than a preset threshold value; filtering the solution containing the precursor to obtain the precursor; and annealing the precursor to obtain the GOS-doped scintillation powder.

In some embodiments, the precipitating agent comprises at least one of urea, ammonia, sodium hydroxide, ammonium bicarbonate.

In some embodiments, the precipitating agent further comprises a surfactant, and the mass fraction of the surfactant is 0.15% -1%.

In some embodiments, the surfactant comprises at least one of polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dodecylsulfate, sodium hexametaphosphate.

In some embodiments, the predetermined pH is 7-8.

In some embodiments, the filtration process comprises at least one of atmospheric filtration or reduced pressure filtration.

In some embodiments, the filtering the solution including the precursor to obtain the precursor includes: carrying out first filtration treatment on the solution comprising the precursor under normal pressure; and carrying out second filtration treatment on the solution subjected to the first filtration treatment in a vacuum filtration manner.

In some embodiments, the filtration process is performed using a filter cloth.

In some embodiments, after the solution including the precursor is subjected to a filtration process to obtain the precursor, the method further includes: and washing the precursor by adopting deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol alternately.

In some embodiments, the annealing treatment is performed in a flowing atmosphere, the temperature of the annealing treatment is 900-1300 ℃, and the time of the annealing treatment is 1-2 h.

In some embodiments, the flowing atmosphere is hydrogen; and the flow rate of the flowing atmosphere is 3ml/min to 5 ml/min.

In some embodiments, the doped GOS scintillating powder has a molecular formula of: (Gd)_1-xRe_x)₂O₂S, wherein Re consists of one or more of Ce, Pr, Tb, Eu, Dy, Yb, Er and Ho; and 0<x≤0.15。

Drawings

The present application will be further explained by way of exemplary embodiments, which will be described in detail by way of the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are not intended to be limiting, and in these embodiments like numerals are used to indicate like structures, wherein:

fig. 1 is a flow diagram of an exemplary method for preparing a doped GOS scintillation powder, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure; and

fig. 2 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of an exemplary doped GOS scintillation powder, as shown in some embodiments herein.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only examples or embodiments of the application, from which the application can also be applied to other similar scenarios without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art. Unless otherwise apparent from the context, or otherwise indicated, like reference numbers in the figures refer to the same structure or operation.

It should be understood that "system", "apparatus", "unit" and/or "module" as used herein is a method for distinguishing different components, elements, parts, portions or assemblies at different levels. However, other words may be substituted by other expressions if they accomplish the same purpose.

As used in this application and the appended claims, the terms "a," "an," "the," and/or "the" are not intended to be inclusive in the singular, but rather are intended to be inclusive in the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In general, the terms "comprises" and "comprising" merely indicate that steps and elements are included which are explicitly identified, that the steps and elements do not form an exclusive list, and that a method or apparatus may include other steps or elements.

Flow charts are used herein to illustrate operations performed by systems according to embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the preceding or following operations are not necessarily performed in the exact order in which they are performed. Rather, the various steps may be processed in reverse order or simultaneously. Meanwhile, other operations may be added to the processes, or a certain step or several steps of operations may be removed from the processes.

Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for preparing a GOS-doped scintillating powder, in which sulfuric acid is used as an acid solution to dissolve raw materials (e.g., gadolinium oxide, rare earth oxide, etc.), and a precursor is precipitated by a back titration method, and then the GOS-doped scintillating powder is obtained by filtering, washing, annealing, etc. According to some embodiments of the application, sulfuric acid can provide an S source in the GOS-doped scintillation powder, a vulcanization process is not needed, the preparation efficiency of the GOS-doped scintillation powder can be improved, and the environment is not polluted. In addition, a fluxing agent is not needed in the whole process, the purity of the GOS-doped scintillating powder can be improved, and the light transmittance of the scintillating ceramic prepared from the scintillating powder can be correspondingly improved subsequently. Furthermore, a surfactant is introduced in the preparation process, so that the dispersity of the GOS-doped scintillation powder can be improved, and the agglomeration phenomenon among the powders is weakened. The grain size of the GOS-doped scintillating powder prepared according to some embodiments of the application is nano-scale (up to 30-50nm), so that the sintering activity of the GOS-doped scintillating powder can be improved, and the production efficiency of preparing scintillating ceramic by the scintillating powder is further improved.

Fig. 1 is a flow diagram of an exemplary method for preparing a doped GOS scintillation powder, according to some embodiments of the present application.

Step 110, dissolving gadolinium oxide and rare earth oxide in a preset proportion in a sulfuric acid solution to obtain a salt solution.

In some embodiments, gadolinium oxide (Gd)₂O₃) And/or the rare earth oxide may be a solid. For example, the gadolinium oxide and/or the rare earth oxide may be a powder.

In some embodiments, the purity of the gadolinium oxide may be greater than or equal to 99.9%. In some embodiments, the purity of the gadolinium oxide may be greater than or equal to 99.99%. In some embodiments, the gadolinium oxide may have a purity of 99.999% or greater.

In some embodiments, the rare earth oxide may be an oxide of a rare earth element intended to be doped. For example, rare earth elements contemplated for doping may include cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy),Holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), ytterbium (Yb), etc., and accordingly, the rare earth oxide may include cerium (Ce) trioxide₂O₃) Praseodymium oxide (Pr)₆O₁₁) Europium oxide (Eu)₂O₃) Terbium oxide (Tb)₂O₃) Dysprosium oxide (Dy)₂O₃) Holmium oxide (Ho)₂O₃) Erbium oxide (Er)₂O₃) Ytterbium oxide (Yb)₂O₃) And the like. The purity of the rare earth oxide may refer to the purity of any one of cerium oxide, praseodymium oxide, europium oxide, terbium oxide, dysprosium oxide, holmium oxide, erbium oxide, or ytterbium oxide. In some embodiments, the rare earth oxide may have a purity of 99.9% or greater. In some embodiments, the rare earth oxide may have a purity of 99.99% or greater. In some embodiments, the rare earth oxide may have a purity of 99.999% or greater.

In some embodiments, the preset ratio may refer to a mass ratio of gadolinium oxide and rare earth oxide or a ratio of elements contained therein. In some embodiments, the predetermined ratio may be determined according to the doping concentration of the intended doped rare earth element (e.g., at least one of Ce, Pr, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb). For example, the molecular formula of the doped GOS scintillating powder can be expressed as: (Gd)_1-xRe_x)₂O₂S, wherein Re represents a rare earth element (for example, at least one of Ce, Pr, Tb, Eu, Dy, Yb, Er and Ho), and x represents the doping concentration of the rare earth element. Accordingly, the ratio of Gd element to the rare earth element is (1-x)/x. In some embodiments, the doping concentration x of the rare earth element may be 0<x is less than or equal to 0.15. In some embodiments, the doping concentration x of the rare earth element may be 0<x is less than or equal to 0.12. In some embodiments, the doping concentration x of the rare earth element may be 0<x is less than or equal to 0.1. In some embodiments, the doping concentration x of the rare earth element may be 0.001<x is less than or equal to 0.08. In some embodiments, the doping concentration x of the rare earth element may be 0.002<x is less than or equal to 0.06. In some embodiments, the doping concentration x of the rare earth element may be 0.003<x is less than or equal to 0.04. In some embodiments, the doping concentration x of the rare earth element may be 0.004<x is less than or equal to 0.03. In some embodiments, the doping concentration x of the rare earth element may beIs 0.005<x≤0.02。

In some embodiments, the mass fraction of the sulfuric acid solution may be 25% to 65%. In some embodiments, the mass fraction of the sulfuric acid solution may be 30% -60%. In some embodiments, the mass fraction of the sulfuric acid solution may be 35% to 55%. In some embodiments, the mass fraction of the sulfuric acid solution may be 40% -50%. In some embodiments, the mass fraction of the sulfuric acid solution may be 45%.

In some embodiments, the gadolinium oxide and the rare earth oxide chemically react upon dissolution in sulfuric acid to form (Gd)_1-x,Re_x)₂(SO₄)₃Wherein, as described above, Re represents a rare earth element (for example, at least one of Ce, Pr, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, or Yb), and x represents the doping concentration of the rare earth element. Accordingly, the salt solution is a solution comprising (Gd)_1-x,Re_x)₂(SO₄)₃The solution of (1). In some embodiments, the sulfuric acid solution may be in slight excess, i.e., a portion of the unreacted sulfuric acid solution is mixed in the salt solution after the chemical reaction is complete.

In some embodiments, after the gadolinium oxide and the rare earth oxide are added to the sulfuric acid, the chemical reaction process may be accelerated by stirring (e.g., magnetic stirring). In some embodiments, the chemical reaction process may be performed at a preset temperature. In some embodiments, the preset temperature may be 35-70 ℃. In some embodiments, the preset temperature may be 40-65 ℃. In some embodiments, the preset temperature may be 45-60 ℃. In some embodiments, the preset temperature may be 50-55 ℃.

Step 120, back titrating the salt solution into the precipitant to obtain a solution including the precursor.

The precipitant may be, for example, a single precipitant or a mixed precipitant, in some embodiments, the precipitant may be, for example, an aqueous solution of ammonia and ammonium bicarbonate, in some embodiments, the precipitant may be, for example, a mixed aqueous solution of ammonia and ammonium bicarbonate, in some embodiments, a concentration of the precipitant may satisfy a predetermined condition, a concentration of the precipitant described herein may be expressed as a ratio of an amount of a total substance of a solute in the precipitant to a total volume of the solution, in some embodiments, the precipitant may be, for example, 1 mol/L to 3 mol/L, in some embodiments, the precipitant may be, for example, 1.5 mol/L to 2.5 mol/L, in some embodiments, a concentration of the precipitant may be, for example, 1.8 mol/L to 2.2 mol/L, in some embodiments, a concentration of the precipitant may be 2 mol/L.

In some embodiments, a surfactant may also be included in the precipitating agent. In some embodiments, the surfactant can be used to improve the dispersibility of the finally prepared GOS-doped scintillating powder and reduce the agglomeration phenomenon among the powders. In some embodiments, the surfactant may include at least one of polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dodecylsulfate, sodium hexametaphosphate. In some embodiments, the average molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol may be 10000. The polyvinyl alcohol may have an average molecular weight of 25000 and 35000. The average molecular weight of the sodium polyacrylate may be 2000-. The average molecular weight of the polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer may be 5000.

In some embodiments, the mass fraction of surfactant may be 0.15% to 1%. In some embodiments, the mass fraction of surfactant may be 0.2% to 0.9%. In some embodiments, the mass fraction of surfactant may be 0.25% to 0.8%. In some embodiments, the mass fraction of surfactant may be 0.3% to 0.7%. In some embodiments, the mass fraction of surfactant may be 0.35% to 0.6%. In some embodiments, the mass fraction of surfactant may be 0.4% to 0.5%.

In some embodiments, the salt solution may be titrated into the precipitant at a preset titration rate. The preset titration rate may be 0.5ml/min to 5 ml/min. In some embodiments, the preset titration rate may be 0.7ml/min to 4 ml/min. In some embodiments, the preset titration rate may be 1ml/min to 3 ml/min. In some embodiments, the preset titration rate may be 1.5ml/min to 2.5 ml/min. In some embodiments, the preset titration rate may be 2 ml/min.

In some embodiments, during the back titration, the reaction process can be accelerated by stirring (e.g., magnetic stirring). In some embodiments, the back titration process may be performed at a preset temperature. In some embodiments, the preset temperature may be 35-70 ℃. In some embodiments, the preset temperature may be 40-65 ℃. In some embodiments, the preset temperature may be 45-60 ℃. In some embodiments, the preset temperature may be 50-55 ℃.

In some embodiments, the precursor may be represented by (Gd)_1-x,Re_x)₂(OH)₄SO₄·nH₂O, where Re represents a rare earth element (e.g., at least one of Ce, Pr, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, or Yb) as described above, and x represents a doping concentration of the rare earth element.

And step 130, adjusting the pH value of the solution containing the precursor by ammonia water so that the difference value between the pH value of the solution containing the precursor and a preset pH value is smaller than a preset threshold value.

In some embodiments, as described in step 110, when the gadolinium oxide and the rare earth oxide are dissolved in the sulfuric acid solution, the sulfuric acid solution may be in a slight excess, and accordingly, the salt solution may be mixed with a portion of the sulfuric acid that does not participate in the reaction. Further, when the salt solution is back-titrated into the precipitant, the salt solution is slightly excessive, that is, a part of the salt solution (including a part of the sulfuric acid solution) which does not participate in the reaction is mixed in the solution including the precursor, and accordingly, the solution including the precursor is weakly acidic. The ammonia water can be used for adjusting the pH value of the solution containing the precursor, so that the difference value between the pH value and the preset pH value is smaller than a preset threshold value. In some embodiments, the mass fraction of ammonia may be 20% to 36%. In some embodiments, the mass fraction of ammonia may be 22% -34%. In some embodiments, the mass fraction of ammonia may be 24% -32%. In some embodiments, the mass fraction of ammonia may be 26% to 30%. In some embodiments, the mass fraction of ammonia may be 28%.

In some embodiments, the preset pH may be 7-8. In some embodiments, the preset pH may be 7.2-7.8. In some embodiments, the preset pH may be 7.4-7.6. In some embodiments, the preset pH may be 7.5. In some embodiments, the preset threshold may be 0.1-0.5. In some embodiments, the preset threshold may be 0.2-0.4. In some embodiments, the preset threshold may be 0.3.

And 140, filtering the solution containing the precursor to obtain the precursor.

In some embodiments, the filtration process can include at least one of atmospheric filtration or reduced pressure filtration (e.g., vacuum filtration). For example, the filtering process may include: the solution including the precursor is first subjected to a first filtration treatment (for example, a coarse filtration treatment) under normal pressure, and then the solution subjected to the first filtration treatment is subjected to a second filtration treatment (for example, a fine filtration treatment) by means of vacuum filtration. In some embodiments, reduced pressure filtration (e.g., vacuum filtration) can reduce filtration time, increase filtration efficiency, and subsequently can also increase the densification of scintillating ceramics prepared from the GOS-doped scintillating powders.

In some embodiments, the filtering treatment may be performed by using a filter cloth, which may solve the problem that the filter paper is easy to break and the filter paper and the precursor are not easy to peel off after filtering. In some embodiments, the filter cloth may include a polyester filter cloth, a polypropylene filter cloth, a nylon filter cloth, a vinylon filter cloth, a dust-free cloth, or the like.

In some embodiments, the solution including the precursor may also be aged for a predetermined time before the filtration process. In some embodiments, the preset time may be 12-24 hours. In some embodiments, the preset time may be 14-22 h. In some embodiments, the preset time may be 16-20 hours. In some embodiments, the preset time may be 18 h.

In some embodiments, after aging the solution including the precursor for a predetermined time, a centrifugal separation process may also be performed.

In some embodiments, after the precursor is obtained by the filtering process, the precursor may be further subjected to a washing process to remove impurities (e.g., sulfate ions, ammonium ions, etc.). The washing liquid used for the washing treatment may include at least one of deionized water or absolute ethyl alcohol. In some embodiments, the washing process may be performed with alternating deionized water and absolute ethanol. In some embodiments, the number of washing treatments may be 3-5. Wherein, the mass of the washing liquid required by each washing treatment can be 20-40 times of the mass of the planned GOS-doped scintillation powder. Preferably, the mass of the washing liquid required for each washing process may be 30 times of the mass of the doped GOS scintillating powder planned to be prepared.

In some embodiments, the precursor obtained from the washing process may also be subjected to a drying process. The drying treatment can be carried out by drying oven, microwave oven, freeze dryer, etc. Preferably, the drying treatment can be performed by using a microwave oven with power of 700W, and the microwave drying time can be 20-30 min.

In some embodiments, the precursor obtained from the drying process may also be subjected to a milling process to disperse the agglomerated precursor after drying.

And 150, annealing the precursor to obtain GOS-doped scintillation powder.

In some embodiments, the annealing process may be performed in a flowing atmosphere. In some embodiments, the flowing atmosphere may be hydrogen gas to avoid oxidation of the precursor. In some embodiments, the flow rate of the flowing atmosphere may be 3ml/min to 5 ml/min. In some embodiments, the flow rate of the flowing atmosphere may be 3.5ml/min to 4.5 ml/min. In some embodiments, the flow rate of the flowing atmosphere may be 3.8ml/min to 4.2 ml/min. In some embodiments, the flow rate of the flowing atmosphere may be 4 ml/min.

In some embodiments, the temperature of the annealing process may be 900-1300 ℃. Preferably, the temperature of the annealing treatment may be 1000-. Preferably, the temperature of the annealing treatment may be 1050-. Preferably, the temperature of the annealing treatment may be 1100-.

In some embodiments, the annealing treatment time is 1-2 hours. Preferably, the time of the annealing treatment is 1.2-1.8 h. Preferably, the time of the annealing treatment is 1.4-1.6 h. Preferably, the time of the annealing treatment is 1.5 h.

In some embodiments, after the annealing treatment, the prepared doped GOS scintillation powder may be further ground to obtain an ultra-fine doped GOS scintillation powder.

As mentioned above, the molecular formula of the doped GOS scintillating powder can be expressed as: (Gd)_1-xRe_x)₂O₂S, wherein Re represents a rare earth element (for example, at least one of Ce, Pr, Tb, Eu, Dy, Yb, Er and Ho), and x represents the doping concentration of the rare earth element. In some embodiments, the doping concentration x of the rare earth element may be 0<x is less than or equal to 0.15. In some embodiments, the doping concentration x of the rare earth element may be 0<x is less than or equal to 0.12. In some embodiments, the doping concentration x of the rare earth element may be 0<x is less than or equal to 0.1. In some embodiments, the doping concentration x of the rare earth element may be 0.001<x is less than or equal to 0.08. In some embodiments, the doping concentration x of the rare earth element may be 0.002<x is less than or equal to 0.06. In some embodiments, the doping concentration x of the rare earth element may be 0.003<x is less than or equal to 0.04. In some embodiments, the doping concentration x of the rare earth element may be 0.004<x is less than or equal to 0.03. In some embodiments, the doping concentration x of the rare earth element may be 0.005<x≤0.02。

In some embodiments, the prepared doped GOS powder can be further used for preparing GOS scintillating ceramic, GOS scintillating crystal, and the like.

It should be noted that the above description relating to the process 100 is only for illustration and explanation, and does not limit the applicable scope of the present application. Various modifications and changes to flow 100 will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of this disclosure. However, such modifications and variations are intended to be within the scope of the present application. For example, the process 100 can also be used for preparing undoped GOS scintillating powder or other scintillating powder, and only the type and/or amount of the reactant needs to be adjusted.