阅读说明：本技术 一种基于种间护理效应的南方酸性退化土壤植被修复方法 (Method for restoring vegetation in acidic degraded soil in south based on interspecies nursing effect ) 是由 唐建军 陈欣 丁丽莲 徐静 何磊 周静怡 李琪瑶 任明磊 于 2020-05-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种基于种间护理效应的南方酸性退化土壤植被修复方法,通过选择极端耐逆境的豆科植物,进行定植建群并维护,通过护理植物的抚育效应及共生真菌特殊分泌物的特殊功效保护目标植物在酸性土壤逆境下重建群落多样性并实现尽快重建植物群落及进行正向演替的目的。应用本发明提供的方法,可以在2-3年内比较快速地重建南方酸性退化土壤逆境下的受损生态系统的成功修复与植物群落重建,保证在极端逆境下能够取得早期定植；在目标植物播种或移栽过程中,引入泡囊丛枝状菌根真菌,发挥其余目标植物的互惠作用,构建出具有良好生物多样性及较显著生态维持效益的次生生态系统,完成植物种间互惠及植物-共生真菌实现联合修复。(The invention provides a method for restoring vegetation in southern acidic degraded soil based on an interspecific nursing effect, which is characterized in that leguminous plants with extreme stress tolerance are selected for field planting, colonization and maintenance, the target plants are protected to reconstruct community diversity under the stress of acidic soil through the nursing effect of the plants and the special efficacy of special secretion of symbiotic fungi, and the purposes of reconstructing plant communities as soon as possible and carrying out forward succession are achieved. By applying the method provided by the invention, successful restoration and plant community reconstruction of the damaged ecological system under the adverse circumstances of the southern acidic degraded soil can be rapidly reconstructed within 2-3 years, and early planting can be ensured under the extreme adverse circumstances; in the process of sowing or transplanting target plants, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are introduced to play the mutual reciprocal role of other target plants, so that a secondary ecosystem with good biological diversity and remarkable ecological maintenance benefit is constructed, and the mutual reciprocal of plant species and the combined restoration of plant-symbiotic fungi are completed.)

1. A method for restoring vegetation in south acidic degraded soil based on interspecies nursing effect is characterized in that,

(1) selecting Lespedeza bicolor Turcz which is an extremely stress-resistant leguminous plant or Lespedeza formosa Koehne which is the same as the family as a pioneer plant in restoration of an injured ecosystem, and providing a nursing effect for a target plant introduced in a later period;

(2) the original species of the nursing plants are automatically collected from the good-growing lespedeza species in 9-10 months in the first year, and are collected when the plants are in yellow brown;

(3) sowing in spring rain or manually supplying water in 3-4 months in the next year, performing seed pretreatment before sowing, treating the lespedeza bicolor with 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 20 minutes, then repeatedly washing the lespedeza bicolor clean with tap water, performing seed soaking and germination accelerating treatment 2-3 days before sowing, taking out after soaking for 24 hours, putting the lespedeza bicolor into a water-leaking basket made of bamboo or plastic or putting into a gunny bag for draining, covering wet cloth or wet straw on the lespedeza bicolor, and maintaining the temperature above 20 ℃ for accelerating germination;

(4) after one month after germination and seedling emergence, thinning and replanting are carried out to keep the relative uniformity of the initial population;

(5) alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and hippophae (Indian thoroticularia matris) which have certain acid resistance but also belong to stolon type and have the function of cultivating the ground are taken as target plants;

(6) when the temperature rises to above 18 ℃ in 3-4 months in spring of the third year, the alfalfa and the sea buckthorn of the target plants are sown, and the sowing method comprises the following steps: pre-treating seeds before sowing: the seed of the hippophae rhamnoides is treated by 98 percent concentrated sulfuric acid for 20 minutes, the seed of the alfalfa is disinfected by 10 percent hydrogen peroxide for 10 minutes, then the seed is repeatedly washed by tap water, and then the seed is properly soaked: dry and wet alternate seed soaking for six hours is recommended and two cycles are adhered to;

(7) using an inoculum of vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), directly dressing seeds or dipping roots when each target plant of the inoculum has 1000 spore equivalents, and performing propagation after purchasing the inoculum for later use when the quantity of the inoculum of the mycorrhizal fungi is limited so as to produce the inoculum of the mycorrhizal fungi with enough quantity;

(8) the propagation steps of the vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi propagule are as follows: 1) expanding propagation by taking corn and alfalfa as host plants; 2) inoculating an inoculum of a single fungal species into the sterilized river sand; 3) cutting off the overground part of the plant after culturing for 5 months in a greenhouse, cutting the underground part of the plant, fully and uniformly mixing with river sand, packaging into a plastic packaging bag, and storing in a normal temperature environment; 4) before the inoculation treatment, the spore density in the inoculum of each strain is measured by using a wet sieve decantation method;

(9) mixing the soaked seeds with the selected mycorrhizal fungi inoculum, or carrying out root dipping treatment on seedlings of target plants, wherein in the seed mixing or root dipping treatment, the weight of the inoculum is calculated according to the spore density of the strain inoculum, so that the spores of each AMF strain in the initial environment reach 500 plus 1000 per plant;

(10) sowing the mixed target plant seeds in holes at equal intervals or inserting the dipped target plant seedlings in holes between pioneer nursing plant lespedeza or beautiful lespedeza;

(11) enhancing maintenance work, gradually forming a plant community with coexisting nursing plants and target plants after the target plants grow and are fixedly planted, and gradually replacing;

(12) after the plant community with diversified species is constructed, the ecological function of the damaged ecological system is gradually improved, the diversity of the plant is continuously improved and the system function is continuously strengthened under the drive of various natural ecological processes, and the recovery aim is realized.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the seeds are harvested in step (2) by stripping with a hand, air-drying the harvested pods, rubbing off the stems, removing the impurities, bagging and storing in a dry and ventilated place, or purchasing from a commercial source and storing in a low-temperature dry place.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the seeds are soaked in warm water at 50 ℃ in step (3) and stirred every 4-5 hours to increase oxygen in the seed soaking solution and to dissipate carbon dioxide released by respiration of the seed soaking solution.

4. The repairing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), when the seed coat is cracked and the embryo buds out, hole sowing is adopted, the hole distance is 1m, 2-4 healthy Lespedeza seeds which have been accelerated to sprout are sowed in each hole, the depth is about 1-3 cm, the seeds are properly compacted after covering soil, and 150 ml of water is manually supplemented to each hole of the sowing part.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the population in step (4) is constructed to supplement water in an early stage, and the cultivation tube protects the strong acid-resistant Lespedeza bicolor of Leguminosae family to form an age group.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the inoculum of vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) of step (7) is selected from the group consisting of: funneliformis geosporam (Fg, BGC GZ01), Acaulospora cristiculata (As, BGC HK02A), Rhizopharmagus intraradics (Ri, BGC BJ09), Funneliformis mossseae (Fmo, BGC XJ01), Glomus tortuosum (Gt, BGC NM03A), and Gigasporamrarita (Gma, BGC ZJ 03).

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the inoculation amount is determined in step (9) based on the density of fungal spores in a purchased product or a propagated product.

8. The method of restoration according to claim 1, wherein care is taken in step (10) to plant the target plants between already established nursing plants so that they can receive the nursing effect from the pioneer plants at their seedling stage to increase survival.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological safety guarantee and reconstruction. Relates to a plant community reconstruction method, in particular to a technical system suitable for repairing various seriously damaged ecosystems in hilly areas under the background of southern acid soil.

Background

The acid soil region in south China (generally, the north latitude is 30 degrees or less) has extremely wide area, is an important agriculture and forestry production and natural environment-friendly region, and many of the regions belong to important water source regions. The water sources cover water source regions for supplying water for urban resident life and public service water (such as water used by government organs, enterprises and public institutions, hospitals, schools, catering industry, tourism industry and the like) intake projects, and are water bodies and surrounding areas protected by national laws. The quantity and quality of water in the water source area are influenced by the condition of the water source area, namely the surrounding ecological environment system. In the bare slope area (figure 1) that vegetation received serious destruction, perhaps because the bare slope area (figure 2) that the required earthwork of dam-building mined the cause at the initial stage is built to the reservoir, in southern rainy season, soil erosion aggravates, water and soil conservation ability is destroyed, southern rainstorm season is then easy to take place flood, and rainy season is then easy to take place the arid, the water quality and the quantity of water source can not obtain stable guarantee, need to restore the plant community that has complete ecology function urgently to guarantee the whole service function in water source ground.

Acid soil is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions with abundant hydrothermal resources, plant carbon assimilation production potential is huge, but a plant community cannot be built due to the existence of restrictive limiting factors (acid toxicity, lack of organic matters and essential nutrients and lack of associated microorganisms), only a few plants with strong tolerance can reluctantly survive, but community biodiversity is extremely poor, and the functions of an ecological system cannot be exerted. Due to various stress factors such as acid damage, aluminum toxicity and nutrient deficiency in the acid soil, the plant production potential of the acid soil is difficult to fully exert. Acid soil accounts for about 30% of the total land area, about 50% of cultivated land and potential arable land belong to acid soil, and acid soil accounts for about 22.7% of the total land area in China. Various adverse factors of the acid soil cause serious decline of vegetation communities and soil biological communities, and cause negative effects on biological diversity and ecological environment.

In a severely eroded bare slope, the soil layer is lack of soil, or only the soil matrix exists, or the rock stratum is bare, the water retention and nutrient retention capability of the soil is poor, the plants are difficult to emerge and survive in the early stage of restoration due to high temperature and drought in summer and severe environmental conditions, which is a difficult point for eroded soil restoration and vegetation reconstruction, and the key is the technology how to retain water in the soil and how to rapidly fix the plants-mycorrhiza in the early stage of restoration.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for reconstructing vegetation in extremely severe land conditions such as severe acidity, poor nutrients and the like, which are suitable for abandoned non-tillage waste land in hilly lands in southern mountainous areas, bare slopes formed after earthwork and stone collection in reservoir construction in southern areas, bare slopes generated in highways and track traffic modification, bare land caused by mining surfaces of industrial mines and the like. The invention is mainly suitable for non-lithologic acid red soil around a water source area with the north latitude of less than 30 degrees, relatively abundant rainfall (annual rainfall is not less than 1000mm), rare plant coverage (coverage is less than 5%), strong acid soil (pH is less than 5.5) and serious barren soil (organic matter content is less than 0.6%, and total nitrogen is less than 0.05%).

A technology for rapidly and effectively recovering a degraded ecosystem and generating ecological benefit by utilizing the ecological effect of nursing plants under the background of southern acidic adversity soil,

the technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to fully utilize the normal interaction of nursing plants under the stress adverse circumstances of acid soil to help target plants to be rapidly planted under the extreme adverse circumstances (strong acidity, oligotrophism, few nascent vegetation and the like), and utilize the intermediate reciprocal neighbor effect and the symbiotic effect generated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to reconstruct plant communities, repair damaged ecosystems, realize and improve the normal functions of the ecosystems, thereby providing biological diversity guarantee for recovering the normal running of the ecological processes and the normal exertion of the ecological functions under the extreme adverse circumstances. In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for rebuilding plant community of damaged ecosystem and restoring system diversity by jointly playing roles of nursing plants, target plants and symbiotic fungi, which comprises the following steps:

(1) lespedeza bicolor Turcz, a leguminous plant with extreme stress tolerance, or Lespedeza formosa Koehne, a congeneric genus, were selected as pioneer plants in the restoration of damaged ecosystems to provide a nursing effect for later-introduced plants (target plants). The lespedeza and the beautiful lespedeza belong to erect shrubs of the lespedeza of the leguminosae, are drought-resistant, barren-resistant, acid-resistant, saline-alkali-resistant and cutting-resistant, have wide and strong soil adaptability, and can be quickly established and grown in barren newly-cultivated lands.

(2) The original seed source of the nursing plant can be automatically collected from a good-growing Lespedeza species in 9-10 months in the first year, and can be collected when the pod is yellow brown. The seed picking method comprises rolling by hand, air drying the collected pod, removing stem by rubbing, removing impurities, bagging, and storing in dry and ventilated place. Or purchased from commercial sources and stored in low-temperature dry places;

(3) sowing is carried out when spring rain appears in 3-4 months of the next year or water is supplemented manually. The seeds are pre-treated before sowing. The lespedeza bicolor is treated by 98 percent concentrated sulfuric acid for 20 minutes and then is repeatedly washed clean by tap water. And seed soaking and germination accelerating treatment is carried out 2-3 days before sowing. Soaking the seeds in warm water at 50 ℃ and stirring the seeds once every 4 to 5 hours to increase oxygen in the seed soaking liquid and disperse and release carbon dioxide generated by respiration of the seed soaking liquid. Soaking for 24 hr, taking out, placing in bamboo rattan or plastic water-leaking basket or placing into gunny bag for draining, covering with wet cloth or wet straw, and maintaining at a certain temperature above 20 deg.C for accelerating germination. And when seed coats crack and germs sprout (grin), hole sowing can be adopted. The hole distance is about 1 meter, the healthy Lespedeza seeds which have been accelerated to sprout are sowed in each hole with 2-4 grains and the depth is about 1-3 cm, the mixture is properly compacted after the soil is covered, and 150 milliliters of water is manually supplemented into each hole at the sowing position;

(4) after one month after germination and seedling emergence, thinning and replanting are carried out to keep the relative uniformity of the initial population; the moisture is properly supplemented in the early stage of the group building, and the leguminous (beautiful) lespedeza bicolor with strong acid resistance is cultivated and managed to form a group of one age;

(5) alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and hippophae (Indian pseudo rootricia matrix) which have certain acid resistance but are taken as leguminous plants with stolon type and soil culture function are taken as target plants;

(6) and when the temperature rises to above 18 ℃ in 3-4 months in spring of the third year, sowing the target plants of alfalfa and thorns. The sowing method comprises the following steps: pre-treating seeds before sowing: the seed of the hippophae rhamnoides is treated by 98 percent concentrated sulfuric acid for 20 minutes, the seed of the alfalfa is disinfected by 10 percent hydrogen peroxide for 10 minutes, then the seed is repeatedly washed by tap water, and then the seed is properly soaked: dry and wet alternate seed soaking for six hours is recommended and two cycles are adhered to;

(7) the following species of vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) inoculants purchased from the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi germplasm collection center of the institute of plant nutrition and resources, north jing, may be used [ the following mycorrhizal fungi species may be purchased with priority: 6 kinds of fungal species such As Fusneliformis geosporam (Fg, BGC GZ01), Acaulospora scrobicula (As, BGCHK02A), Rhizopharmagus intraradics (Ri, BGC BJ09), Fusneliformis mossseae (Fmo, BGCXJ01), Glomus tortuosum (Gt, BGC NM03A), and Gigaspora margarita (Gma, BGC ZJ 03). The growth promoting effect is best seen in Funneliformis geospore (Fg, BGC GZ01), and the other five fungi have significant growth promoting effects but are not different from each other. The seed is directly dressed or root dipped when the number of purchased strains is sufficient (1000 spore equivalents of inoculum per target plant). If the number of mycorrhizal fungi inoculum purchased for various reasons (such as limited cost) is limited, propagation can be performed after the recovery to produce a sufficient amount of mycorrhizal fungi inoculum for later use.

(8) The propagation steps of the vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi propagule are as follows: 1) expanding propagation by taking corn and alfalfa as host plants; 2) inoculating an inoculum of a single fungal species into the sterilized river sand; 3) cutting off the overground part of the plant after culturing for 5 months in a greenhouse, cutting the underground part of the plant, fully and uniformly mixing with river sand, filling into a plastic packaging bag, and storing in a normal temperature environment. 4) Prior to inoculation treatment, spore density in the inoculum of each strain was determined using wet sieve decantation.

(9) The soaked seeds can be mixed with selected mycorrhizal fungi inoculum or root dipping treatment can be carried out with seedlings of the target plant. In the inoculation treatment such as seed dressing or root dipping, the weight of each inoculum is added according to the spore density of each strain inoculum, so that the spores of each AMF strain in the initial environment reach 500-1000 spores per plant. Determining the inoculation dose according to the fungal spore density in the purchased products or the propagation products;

(10) and (3) sowing the seeds of the target plant which is mixed with the seeds or inserting the seedlings of the target plant which is dipped with roots into holes at equal intervals among the adult plants of the pioneer nursing plant lespedeza bicolor (or beautiful lespedeza bicolor). Taking care to sow the target plants between the already established nursing plants so as to be able to receive the nursing effect from the pioneer plants at the seedling stage thereof to improve survival;

(11) strengthening maintenance work such as proper water supplement, gradually forming a plant community with coexisting nursing plants and target plants after the target plants grow and are fixedly planted, and gradually continuing;

(12) after the plant community with diversified species is constructed, the ecological function of the damaged ecological system is gradually improved, the diversity of the plant is continuously improved and the system function is continuously strengthened under the drive of various natural ecological processes, and the recovery aim is realized.

The innovation of the invention is that a combined restoration technology system for community reconstruction of a southern acid soil damaged ecosystem integrated by nursing plants-target plants-assisted microorganisms is constructed by breaking through the conventional sequence of plant succession sequences and utilizing the help effect of nursing plants in species matching and combination based on the stress gradient hypothesis as a theoretical basis.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following innovation points: 1) the Lespedeza bicolor and Lespedeza virgata of leguminosae plants resistant to various stresses are selected as pioneer plant species, so that early planting can be ensured under extreme stresses; 2) selecting acid-resistant and barren-resistant leguminous plants including alfalfa and thorns with nitrogen fixation effect as target plants with nursing effect; 3) the reciprocal action between the pioneer plants and the target plants is fully exerted, and particularly the nursing effect of the pioneer plants on the target plants is exerted; 4) in the process of sowing or transplanting target plants, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are introduced to play a mutual effect of other target plants, and the inoculation dose equivalent is emphasized to be 1000-2000 spores/plant. 5) The plant species reciprocity and the plant-symbiotic fungi realize the combined repair.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a bare slope of southern red soil hills (Zhejiang golden thoroughfare basin).

Fig. 2 is a bare slope caused by earthwork in the reservoir construction period.

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a test of seedling nurturing effect of adult plants in a field environment (one large area).

FIG. 4 shows the seedling growth phase of Lespedeza bicolor.

FIG. 5 is a plant adult of lesioned in an acid degraded soil background.

Detailed Description

The invention is further explained by the accompanying drawings and examples.