阅读说明：本技术 一种防治果实大小粒的喷剂及其制备方法和应用 (Spray for preventing and treating fruit granules and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 冯晓村 张新兵 赵永奎 衣淑龙 闫怀征 张广涛 王维松 郭颜辉 丁洁 李保亮 郭 于 2020-05-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种防治果实大小粒的喷剂及其制备方法和应用,属于果实生长调节剂技术领域。包括以下重量份的原料：包括以下重量份的原料：由粉剂和溶剂按重量比1：1400~1600混合而成；其中,粉剂包括以下重量份的组分：粉剂包括以下重量份的组分：海藻酸9~11份、赤霉素A4+7 0.013~0.017份、硫酸镁9~11份、硼酸钠4~6份、氨基酸9~11份、硝酸钙17~19份。应用方法：1)在花期开始时,进行叶片喷施,喷施用量30~45kg/亩；2)在第一次喷施后间隔6~8天,进行第二次叶片喷施,喷施用量45~60kg/亩。本发明的防治果实大小粒的喷剂能使果实顺利、均匀生长膨大,小粒果的数量明显降低。(A spray for preventing and controlling fruit size and its preparation method and application belong to the technical field of fruit growth regulators. The feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: the powder and the solvent are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1400-1600 mixing; the powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: the powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 9-11 parts of alginic acid, 9-0.017 part of gibberellin A4+70.013, 9-11 parts of magnesium sulfate, 4-6 parts of sodium borate, 9-11 parts of amino acid and 17-19 parts of calcium nitrate. The application method comprises the following steps: 1) spraying leaves at the beginning of a flowering period, wherein the spraying amount is 30-45 kg/mu; 2) and carrying out secondary leaf spraying at an interval of 6-8 days after the first spraying, wherein the spraying dosage is 45-60 kg/mu. The spray for preventing and treating fruit granules can ensure that fruits grow and expand smoothly and uniformly, and the quantity of the small granules of fruits is obviously reduced.)

1. The spray for preventing and treating the fruit granules is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: the powder and the solvent are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1400-1600 mixing;

the powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: the powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 9-11 parts of alginic acid, 9-0.017 part of gibberellin A4+70.013, 9-11 parts of magnesium sulfate, 4-6 parts of sodium borate, 9-11 parts of amino acid and 17-19 parts of calcium nitrate.

2. The spray for controlling fruit granules according to claim 1, wherein the powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: the powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 9.5 to 10.5 parts of alginic acid, 9.5 to 0.016 part of gibberellin A4+70.014 to 0.016 part of magnesium sulfate, 9.5 to 10.5 parts of sodium borate, 4.5 to 5.5 parts of amino acid and 17.5 to 18.5 parts of calcium nitrate.

3. The spray for controlling fruit granules according to claim 1, wherein the powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of alginic acid, 4+70.015 parts of gibberellin, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5 parts of sodium borate, 10 parts of amino acid and 18 parts of calcium nitrate.

4. The spray for controlling fruit size granules as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the powder and the solvent are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1500 and mixing.

5. The spray for controlling fruit size granules as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein: the solvent is water or a mixed solution of water and alcohol.

6. The spray for controlling fruit size granules as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the amino acid is lysine and tyrosine, and the weight ratio is 1: 0.5-5 mixing.

7. The spray for controlling fruit size granules as claimed in claim 1, wherein: also comprises vitamin B₃Vitamin B₃0.9 to 1.1 portions.

8. The preparation method of the spray for controlling fruit size as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:

a) mixing alginic acid, gibberellin A4+7, magnesium sulfate, sodium borate, amino acid and calcium nitrate according to the weight parts, and uniformly stirring to obtain powder;

b) mixing the powder and the solvent according to the weight ratio, and uniformly stirring to obtain the spray.

9. The use of the spray for controlling fruit size as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the application in the field of foliar spray for preventing and treating fruit granules and fruit granules.

10. The use of the spray for controlling fruit size as claimed in claim 9, comprising the steps of:

1) spraying for the first time: spraying leaves by using a spraying agent at the beginning of a flowering phase, wherein the spraying amount is 30-45 kg/mu;

2) and (3) spraying for the second time: and spraying leaves for the second time 6-8 days after the first spraying, wherein the spraying amount of each time is 45-60 kg/mu.

Technical Field

A spray for preventing and controlling fruit size and its preparation method and application belong to the technical field of fruit length regulators.

Background

The fruit size is as follows: the fruit grains appearing after the plants shed flowers are not uniform in size, and the small fruits stop growing or even fall off along with the expansion of normal fruits. The problem caused by the large and small fruit grains is serious, the quality of the small fruit grains (commonly called dead embryo fruits) is less than one fourth of the quality of normal fruits, most of the small fruit grains fall off before ripening, and edible parts hardly exist in the small fruit grains which are just left. The problem of fruit size and grain size causes more fruit setting but low yield, which finally results in serious yield reduction and reduced income of fruit growers.

Taking grapes as an example, the normal fruit mass is about 20 g-30 g per grain and is slightly smaller than that of table tennis; when the problem of fruit size and small grain occurs, the small grain fruit of the grape is only 1-5 g per grain, is similar to soybean in size and cannot be eaten. In addition, as the grapes are sold in bunches, when a lot of small fruits appear on the bunch of grapes, the selling phase of the grapes can be influenced, the grapes are degraded, the price is reduced, and the marketability of the grapes is influenced. Taking cherries as an example, the fruit setting rate of the cherries determines the yield of the cherries, dead cherry embryo fruits formed after fruit setting do not grow, and once the problem occurs, a large area of large fruit trees and a plurality of fruit trees occur simultaneously, so that the yield of the cherries is reduced finally.

The applicant finds through research that the existing method for preventing and controlling fruit granules has the following problems: the existing method and preparation for preventing and controlling fruit granules are not ideal in effect. Firstly, in the prior art, a method of applying a swelling fruit fertilizer by soil is mostly adopted, the fruit swelling effect is not obvious, and even more, the potassium fertilizer is applied to achieve the purpose of swelling fruits, so that the problems of element antagonism, soil salinization, soil physical property deterioration and the like are not solved. The fruit setting rate of the fruits can basically determine the fruit yield of the fruits; the problem of big and small grains after fruit setting is equal to the reduction of fruit setting rate, namely the effect on preventing and treating the problem of big and small grains of fruits is not ideal. Secondly, although the prior art adopts a spray design, the prior art mainly sprays boron and calcium, and the effect of preventing and controlling the fruit size is not ideal. The small fruits in the fruit granules are not failed in fruit setting, but are over-nourished due to vegetative growth caused by the strip and long leaves of plants, namely, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth are disordered, so that the fruit is lack of nutrient supply to form small fruits, and the small fruits are hardened or killed for a long time.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the spraying agent for preventing and treating the fruit granules can ensure that the fruits grow and expand smoothly and uniformly, and the quantity of the small-granule fruits is obviously reduced.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the spray for preventing and treating fruit granules is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: the powder and the solvent are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1400-1600 mixing;

the powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 9-11 parts of alginic acid, 9-0.017 part of gibberellin A4+70.013, 9-11 parts of magnesium sulfate, 4-6 parts of sodium borate, 9-11 parts of amino acid and 17-19 parts of calcium nitrate.

Preferably, the powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: the powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 9.5 to 10.5 parts of alginic acid, 9.5 to 0.016 part of gibberellin A4+70.014 to 0.016 part of magnesium sulfate, 9.5 to 10.5 parts of sodium borate, 4.5 to 5.5 parts of amino acid and 17.5 to 18.5 parts of calcium nitrate.

Preferably, the powder comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of alginic acid, 4+70.015 parts of gibberellin, 10 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5 parts of sodium borate, 10 parts of amino acid and 18 parts of calcium nitrate.

The powder and the solvent are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1500 and mixing.

The solvent is water or a mixed solution of water and alcohol.

The amino acid is lysine and tyrosine, and the weight ratio is 1: 0.5-5 mixing.

Also comprises vitamin B₃Vitamin B₃0.9 to 1.1 portions.

The preparation method of the spray for preventing and treating the fruit granules comprises the following steps:

a) mixing alginic acid, gibberellin A4+7, magnesium sulfate, sodium borate, amino acid and calcium nitrate according to the weight parts, and uniformly stirring to obtain powder;

b) mixing the powder and the solvent according to the weight ratio, and uniformly stirring to obtain the spray.

The application of the spray for preventing and treating fruit granules is as follows: the application in the field of foliar spray for preventing and treating fruit granules and fruit granules.

The application of the spray for preventing and treating the fruit granules comprises the following steps:

1) spraying for the first time: spraying leaves by using a spraying agent at the beginning of a flowering phase, wherein the spraying amount is 30-45 kg/mu;

2) and (3) spraying for the second time: and spraying leaves for the second time 6-8 days after the first spraying, wherein the spraying amount of each time is 45-60 kg/mu.

The invention is described below:

the applicant found in the research that the fruit size and granule are not infectious diseases caused by germs, viruses and the like, and the main cause of the occurrence of the disease is nutrition unevenness and nutrition incontinence. After the plants are subjected to winter, the plants are subjected to germination, leaf growth, flowering, fruit setting and fruit growth in spring in sequence. And a large amount of energy is consumed for leaf growth and flowering, and particularly, the energy consumption for the strip drawing and leaf growth is large. Although the energy is not enough from the appearance of the plant, the more the plant looks at the luxuriant leaves, the lower the fruit setting rate is, the energy can not be fully supplied to the fruits in the fruit setting period of the fruits, and the energy is not continuously supplied unevenly; although the prior art designs soil fertilization and topdressing before flowering and after fruit setting, the soil fertilization has long decomposition, absorption and utilization period and slow application effect in soil, and has the phenomena of large difference of soil nutrient structure, acid, alkali, salinization and the like of each family.

Based on the problems, the applicant designs the spray for spraying the leaves, the spray is administrated through the leaves, the effect is fast, the excessive consumption of the leaves and the strips in the flowering period on energy can be reduced, and the energy is accumulated for the growth of fruits, so that the problems of large and small fruits caused by uneven nutrition and incontinent nutrition in the growth period of the fruits are solved.

Alginic acid is rich in carbon element, can be used as carbon fertilizer, can inhibit respiratory metabolism of plant leaves, reduces energy consumption of vegetative growth, increases chlorophyll synthesis, and provides energy for fruit growth after fruit setting. And the element magnesium in the magnesium sulfate is the main element for synthesizing chlorophyll, and the alginic acid and the magnesium sulfate are combined to synergistically increase the synthesis of chlorophyll, thereby promoting photosynthesis and storing as much basic substance as possible for energy conversion. The applicant finds in research that the alginic acid soil mainly plays a role in rooting and has a less obvious effect on controlling fruit size.

Gibberellin A4+7 can improve plant cell activity and promote fruit setting; sodium borate has the function of promoting the division of plant cells; the gibberellin A4+7 and sodium borate are combined to promote cell differentiation of flowers and fruits at early stage, and promote fruit setting and fruit development and expansion.

As the fruit grows, the cell wall grows synthetically rapidly, and the defect of cell wall growth is also a factor for inhibiting the growth and development of the fruit. Lysine and tyrosine can promote the absorption of plant to calcium element, promote the formation of cell wall and promote the growth of fruit. When vitamin B is added₃Later, the effect of promoting cell wall growth is more effectiveGood effect of promoting fruit growth. Preferably, the amino acid is lysine and tyrosine in a weight ratio of 1: 1 and mixing.

The magnesium sulfate, the sodium borate and the calcium nitrate in the formula are all the weight without crystal water.

Alginic acid in the formula is alginic acid with the content of more than 99% or an alginic acid extract containing alginic acid, the alginic acid content in the alginic acid extract is more than 15%, the amount of the alginic acid extract is based on the contained alginic acid, and for example, 50 parts of 18% of the alginic acid extract is required to be added into the formula by adding 9 parts of alginic acid.

In the preparation method, the steps a) to b) are operated in a room temperature environment, and the room temperature environment temperature ranges from 5 ℃ to 35 ℃.

The spraying time is 7-10 am or 3-6 pm; so as to avoid the period of strong sunlight and vigorous plant transpiration.

Preferably, the spraying dosage in the second leaf spraying of the step 2) is 50-60 kg/mu. When the fertilizer is sprayed for the second time, the number and the area of the leaves are increased, and the spraying amount needs to be increased; in addition, for conventional fruits and melons, the flowering period is 7-15 days, the spraying for the second time enters the middle stage or the later stage of the flowering period, energy needs to be accumulated for fruit setting and fruit growth, and the energy accumulation can be promoted by properly increasing the spraying amount.

The beginning of the flowering phase in the step 1) is within 1-3 days after the plants bloom.

Compared with the prior art, the spray for preventing and treating fruit granules and the preparation method and application thereof have the beneficial effects that:

1. solves the problem of large and small fruit grains, leads the fruit to grow and expand smoothly and uniformly, and obviously reduces the quantity of small fruit grains. After the spraying agent is used for spraying, the problems of fruits and vegetables can be solved, and the yield of the fruits and vegetables is obviously increased.

2. Has fruit swelling effect and can enlarge fruit. Increase the number of big fruits and reduce the number of small fruits. At present, the size grading and screening mode is generally adopted in the market, fruits are graded according to the size, and the price of big fruits is higher. The increase of the number of big fruits obviously increases the income of fruit growers.

3. The spray can be used for treating various fruits, can be applied to grapes, cherries, apples, oranges, cucumbers and tomatoes, has obvious effect of solving the problem of large and small grains, obviously reduces dead embryo, has uniform grain size and obviously increases the yield.

Detailed Description