阅读说明：本技术 与还田稻秸协同增效的小麦专用肥、制备方法及使用方法 (Wheat special fertilizer synergistic with returning rice straw, preparation method and use method ) 是由 张亮亮 叶新新 章力干 魏俊岭 陈曦 柴如山 田达 罗来超 徐刚 熊启中 于 2020-05-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种与还田稻秸协同增效的小麦专用肥、制备方法及使用方法,原料包括含N的第一原料、含P<Sub>2</Sub>O<Sub>5</Sub>的第二原料、含K<Sub>2</Sub>O的第三原料、含Cu的第四原料、含Mn的第五原料、含Zn的第六原料、含B的第七原料、含Mo的第八原料、生化黄腐酸、聚谷氨酸、海藻酸、胺鲜酯、聚丙烯酰胺、海泡石；本发明与常规小麦肥料相比,增加肥料中氮比例,保证小麦与微生物氮素需求,有效避免水稻秸秆腐解前期微生物与小麦争氮的情况,保证小麦的生长的同时促进微生物降解水稻秸秆；根据水稻秸秆中磷、钾养分的含量与释放规律,较常规肥料,本发明减少了肥料中磷、钾比例,避免磷、钾养分浪费,同时降低面源污染风险。(The invention discloses a wheat special fertilizer synergistic with returning rice straw, a preparation method and a use method thereof 2 O 5 Of a second raw material containing K 2 A third raw material of O, a fourth raw material containing Cu, a fifth raw material containing Mn, a sixth raw material containing Zn, a seventh raw material containing B, an eighth raw material containing Mo, biochemical fulvic acid, polyglutamic acid, alginic acid, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, polyacrylamide and sepiolite; compared with the conventional wheat fertilizer, the nitrogen proportion in the fertilizer is increased, the nitrogen requirement of wheat and microorganisms is ensured, the condition that the microorganisms compete for nitrogen with the wheat in the early stage of decomposition of the rice straws is effectively avoided, the growth of the wheat is ensured, and the microbial degradation of the rice straws is promoted; according to the content and release rule of phosphorus and potassium nutrients in rice straws, the fertilizer is more conventionalThe invention reduces the proportion of phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer, avoids the waste of phosphorus and potassium nutrients and reduces the risk of non-point source pollution.)

1. The fertilizer special for wheat, which has synergistic effect with returning rice straws, is characterized in that the raw materials comprise a first raw material containing N and a first raw material containing P₂O₅Of a second raw material containing K₂A third raw material of O, a fourth raw material containing Cu, a fifth raw material containing Mn, a sixth raw material containing Zn, a seventh raw material containing B, an eighth raw material containing Mo, biochemical fulvic acid, polyglutamic acid, alginic acid, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, polyacrylamide and sepiolite; every 100 parts by mass of the wheat special fertilizer synergistic with returning rice straws comprises the following components: n is 24-28 parts, P₂O₅8 to 10 parts of K₂8 to 12 portions of O, 0.2 to 0.4 portion of Cu, 0.2 to 0.5 portion of Mn, 0.2 to 0.4 portion of Zn, 0.1 to 0.3 portion of B, 0.1 to 0.2 portion of Mo, 3 to 5 portions of fulvic acid, 0.3 to 0.5 portion of polyglutamic acid, 0.2 to 0.5 portion of alginic acid, 0.2 to 0.4 portion of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 0.2 to 0.5 portion of polyacrylamide and 3.7 to 8.3 portions of sepiolite.

2. The fertilizer special for wheat, which is synergistic with rice straw returning to fields as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first raw material is at least one of urea, ammonium chloride and diammonium phosphate, the second raw material is diammonium phosphate, the third raw material is potassium chloride, the fourth raw material is copper sulfate, the fifth raw material is manganese chloride, the sixth raw material is zinc sulfate, the seventh raw material is borax, and the eighth raw material is ammonium molybdate.

3. A method for preparing the fertilizer special for wheat, which is used for synergism with returning rice straws as claimed in claim 1 or 2, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, respectively crushing and uniformly mixing the first raw material, the second raw material and the third raw material to obtain a first mixture;

s2, respectively crushing and uniformly mixing the fourth raw material, the fifth raw material, the sixth raw material, the seventh raw material and the eighth raw material to obtain a second mixture;

s3, chelating the biochemical fulvic acid, the polyglutamic acid, the alginic acid, the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and the second mixture according to a ratio to obtain an organic chelated trace element solution;

s4, adding the sepiolite, the polyacrylamide and the organic chelated trace element solution into the first mixture in batches, and uniformly mixing to obtain a prefabricated fertilizer;

s5, granulating, drying, cooling and screening the prefabricated fertilizer to obtain the wheat special fertilizer synergistic with returning rice straws.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein in step S3, the biochemical fulvic acid, the polyglutamic acid, the alginic acid and the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate are sequentially dissolved in water in proportion, the temperature of the reaction kettle is kept at 65-70 ℃, the stirring speed is kept at 60-100 r/min, the dissolving time is kept at 10-15 min, the second mixture is added into the reaction kettle in portions, the dissolving time is 15-25 min each time, the temperature of the reaction kettle is increased to 80-90 ℃, and after the second mixture is completely dissolved, chelation is carried out for 45-60 min, so as to obtain the organic chelated trace element solution.

5. A use method of the fertilizer special for wheat, which is synergized with returning to field of rice straw as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a1, crushing rice straws and returning the rice straws to the field: after the rice is ripe every year, crushing the rice straws to form returning rice straws, and throwing the returning rice straws into a wheat field;

a2, straw rotting agent application:

a3, fertilizer application: the fertilizer is applied twice, the special wheat fertilizer synergistic with the returned rice straws is applied as a base fertilizer, and a nitrogen fertilizer is applied as an additional fertilizer;

a4, flip: after the base fertilizer is applied, the wheat field is turned over for the first time, then the wheat field is watered thoroughly, and the wheat field is turned over for the second time before the wheat is sown.

6. The use method as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step A1, the crushing length of the rice straw returned to the field is less than or equal to 7cm, the qualified rate of the cutting length is more than or equal to 90%, the uneven throwing rate is less than or equal to 20%, and the height of the rice stubble is less than or equal to 15 cm.

7. The use method of claim 5, wherein the straw rotting agent capable of maintaining high activity at 10-35 ℃ and pH 5.5-8.5 is applied to each mu in an amount of 1-3 kg, and the straw rotting agent is dissolved in water or uniformly mixed with an organic fertilizer in a ratio of 1: 5 and then sprayed or scattered on the returned rice straws.

8. The use of claim 5, wherein the base fertilizer is applied after the straw rotting agent is applied, and the base fertilizer is applied at 30-60 kg per acre; the top dressing is applied in the wheat green turning period, and 10-20 kg of the top dressing is applied per mu.

9. The use method of claim 5, wherein the depth of the first turn-over soil layer is 15 cm-20 cm, and the stubble burying rate is more than 90%.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a wheat special fertilizer synergistic with returning rice straws, a preparation method and a use method.

Background

Rice and wheat are main grain crops in China, rice and wheat crop rotation systems have a long history in China, and rice and wheat crop rotation areas are wide and comprise Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, northeast Hubei, Shubei, Shaannan and other areas. According to the statistical data of China, the rice planting area of China in 2019 is more than 4.45 million mu, the rice yield is more than 2 million tons, the wheat planting area is more than 3.5 million mu, the wheat yield is more than 1.3 million tons, and the rice straw yield of China per year is more than 2.1 million tons according to the rice-to-straw ratio. The rice straw is rich in organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements necessary for crop growth, and can be converted into soil organic matters after decomposition and simultaneously provide nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like for crops to absorb and utilize. The straw returning is one of the main modes of utilizing the straw as a fertilizer, and is also a more common mode of straw resource utilization in recent years. The research results at home and abroad show that: the straw returning can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, improve the soil fertility, promote the active organic matters of the soil and increase the crop yield and the fertilizer utilization rate. However, the multiple cropping index of cultivated land in China is high, the stubble reversing time is short, the straw returning amount is large, and the high carbon-nitrogen ratio of the straw causes that adverse effects such as influence on cultivation, influence on seedling emergence and seedling burning and the like can exist after the straw is returned to the field.

The main way of utilizing, applying and popularizing rice straws is to crush and return rice straws to field directly, the rice straw crushing and returning to field in a rice and wheat rotation system shows that a large amount of rice straws cannot be deeply buried in a field and float on the soil surface in the field, after wheat is sowed, seeds cannot directly contact with soil, the root-pricking and water-absorbing are difficult, wheat seedlings emerge unevenly, root systems of the wheat seedlings are blackened and rotted, the wheat seedlings grow weak and the like, and the problems are that the rotary tillage depth is insufficient after the straws are returned to the field, the soil preparation quality is not high, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the rice straws is far higher than the carbon-nitrogen ratio (25: 1) suitable for the growth of microorganisms, so that the phenomenon that the microorganisms and the wheat compete for nitrogen in the straw decomposition process occurs. In addition, reducing substances, organic acid substances and the like generated in the rice straw decomposition can influence the growth of the root system of the wheat. Generally, the wheat seedling stage has less precipitation, and the decomposition of the rice straw is limited while the seedling growth of the wheat is limited.

In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, the inventors of the present invention have finally obtained the present invention through a long period of research and practice.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical defects, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is to provide the special wheat fertilizer synergistic with returning rice straws, wherein the raw materials comprise a first raw material containing N and a first raw material containing P₂O₅Of a second raw material containing K₂A third raw material of O, a fourth raw material containing Cu, a fifth raw material containing Mn, a sixth raw material containing Zn, a seventh raw material containing B, an eighth raw material containing Mo, biochemical fulvic acid, polyglutamic acid, alginic acid, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, polyacrylamide and sepiolite; every 100 parts by mass of the wheat special fertilizer synergistic with returning rice straws comprises the following components: n is 24-28 parts, P₂O₅8 to 10 parts of K₂8 to 12 portions of O, 0.2 to 0.4 portion of Cu, 0.2 to 0.5 portion of Mn, 0.2 to 0.4 portion of Zn, 0.1 to 0.3 portion of B, 0.1 to 0.2 portion of Mo, 3 to 5 portions of fulvic acid, 0.3 to 0.5 portion of polyglutamic acid, 0.2 to 0.5 portion of alginic acid, 0.2 to 0.4 portion of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 0.2 to 0.5 portion of polyacrylamide and 3.7 to 8.3 portions of sepiolite.

Preferably, the first raw material is at least one of urea, ammonium chloride and diammonium phosphate, the second raw material is diammonium phosphate, the third raw material is potassium chloride, the fourth raw material is copper sulfate, the fifth raw material is manganese chloride, the sixth raw material is zinc sulfate, the seventh raw material is borax, and the eighth raw material is ammonium molybdate.

Preferably, the preparation method of the wheat special fertilizer synergistic with returning rice straws comprises the following steps:

s1, respectively crushing and uniformly mixing the first raw material, the second raw material and the third raw material to obtain a first mixture;

s2, respectively crushing and uniformly mixing the fourth raw material, the fifth raw material, the sixth raw material, the seventh raw material and the eighth raw material to obtain a second mixture;

s3, chelating the biochemical fulvic acid, the polyglutamic acid, the alginic acid, the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and the second mixture according to a ratio to obtain an organic chelated trace element solution;

s4, adding the sepiolite, the polyacrylamide and the organic chelated trace element solution into the first mixture in batches, and uniformly mixing to obtain a prefabricated fertilizer;

s5, granulating, drying, cooling and screening the prefabricated fertilizer to obtain the wheat special fertilizer synergistic with returning rice straws.

Preferably, in step S3, the biochemical fulvic acid, the polyglutamic acid, the alginic acid and the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate are sequentially dissolved in water in proportion, the temperature of the reaction kettle is kept at 65-70 ℃, the stirring speed is kept at 60-100 r/min, the dissolving time is kept at 10-15 min, the second mixture is added into the reaction kettle in several times, the dissolving time is kept at 15-25 min each time, the temperature of the reaction kettle is increased to 80-90 ℃, and after the second mixture is completely dissolved, chelation is carried out for 45-60 min, so as to obtain the organic chelated trace element solution.

Preferably, the application method of the wheat special fertilizer synergistic with returning rice straws comprises the following steps:

a1, crushing rice straws and returning the rice straws to the field: after rice is ripe every year, crushing rice straws to form returning rice straws, and throwing the returning rice straws into a wheat field, wherein the crushing length of the returning rice straws is less than or equal to 7cm, the cut-off length qualification rate is more than or equal to 90%, the throwing non-uniformity rate is less than or equal to 20%, and the rice stubble height is less than or equal to 15 cm;

a2, straw rotting agent application:

a3, fertilizer application: the fertilizer is applied twice, the special wheat fertilizer synergistic with the returned rice straws is applied as a base fertilizer, and a nitrogen fertilizer is applied as an additional fertilizer;

a4, flip: after the base fertilizer is applied, the wheat field is turned over for the first time, then the wheat field is watered thoroughly, and the wheat field is turned over for the second time before the wheat is sown.

Preferably, the straw rotting agent which can keep high activity at the temperature of 10-35 ℃ and the pH value of 5.5-8.5 is selected, 1-3 kg of the straw rotting agent is applied to each mu, and the straw rotting agent is dissolved in water or uniformly mixed with an organic fertilizer according to the ratio of 1: 5 and then sprayed or scattered on the returned rice straws.

Preferably, the base fertilizer is applied after the straw rotting agent is applied, and the base fertilizer is applied by 30-60 kg per mu; the top dressing is applied in the wheat green turning period, and 10-20 kg of the top dressing is applied per mu.

Preferably, the depth of the first turning soil layer is 15 cm-20 cm, and the stubble burying rate is more than 90%.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1, the formula of the wheat special fertilizer synergistic with returning rice straws is an optimized formula obtained by comprehensively analyzing factors such as wheat growth demand, soil nutrient supply, rice straw nutrient release and the like according to the test results related to straw returning developed by an applicant team for many years. Compared with the conventional fertilizer special for wheat, the fertilizer special for wheat, provided by the invention, for synergizing with returning rice straws has the advantages that the N content is increased by 10-20 percent, and the P content is increased by P₂O₅The content is reduced by 10 to 30 percent, K₂The content of O is reduced by 10 to 20 percent. Compared with the conventional wheat fertilizer, the nitrogen proportion in the fertilizer is increased, the requirements of wheat and microbial nitrogen are met, the condition that the microbes compete for nitrogen with the wheat in the early stage of decomposition of rice straws is effectively avoided, the growth of the wheat is ensured, and the microbial degradation of the rice is promotedStraw; according to the content and the release rule of phosphorus and potassium nutrients in rice straws, compared with the conventional fertilizer, the invention reduces the proportion of phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer, avoids the waste of the phosphorus and potassium nutrients and simultaneously reduces the non-point source pollution risk; 2, the applicant team obtains a result of years of research, and obtains that the trace element Mn with a proper concentration can effectively promote straw decomposition, and simultaneously, aiming at the trace elements Cu, Zn, B, Mo which are very easy to lack in wheat production and factors such as poor growth of wheat root systems after straw returning to fields, the trace elements Cu, Mn, Zn, B, Mo and diethyl aminoethyl are added in the formula of the wheat special fertilizer synergistic with returning to fields and rice straws, and biochemical fulvic acid, polyglutamic acid, alginic acid, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, Mn, Zn and B are uniformly dispersed through a chelation process, and the effectiveness of the elements Cu, Mn, Zn, B and Mo is improved; 3; according to the special wheat fertilizer synergistic with returned rice straws, active organic nutrient elements, namely biochemical fulvic acid, polyglutamic acid and alginic acid, are added, the activity of microorganisms is improved, the degradation effect of the microorganisms on the wheat straws is improved, the biochemical fulvic acid amino acid, polyglutamic acid, alginic acid and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate can stimulate the growth of the root system of the wheat, the activity of microorganisms of the root system of the rice is effectively promoted, the polyglutamic acid has good water and fertilizer retention effects, the decomposition of the straws is promoted while the soil environment is improved, and the purpose of synergistic effect is achieved; 4, the sepiolite and polyacrylamide components have strong performances of adsorbing and neutralizing acid and alkali, retaining water and fertilizer and improving the buffer capacity of soil, harmful substances and reducing substances in straw decomposition can be adsorbed, the aqueous solution of the sepiolite and polyacrylamide components is alkaline and can neutralize organic acid and toxic and harmful substances released by rice straw decomposition, so that the emergence rate of wheat is ensured, the growth of wheat and soil microorganisms is ensured, the straw decomposition is promoted from the side surface, and meanwhile, the sepiolite and polyacrylamide components have the characteristic of enhancing the strength of the fertilizer, so that the purpose of synergy is achieved; 6, the special wheat fertilizer synergistic with returning rice straws provided by the invention is a fertilizer with high particle strength and convenient for mechanized fertilization. The preparation method has the advantages of simple production process, easy operation and short production period, and is suitable for industrial production. Firstly, the trace elements are chelated with organic substances such as biochemical fulvic acid, polyglutamic acid, alginic acid and the like, so that the effectiveness of the trace elements can be improved, and the trace elements are easier to be uniformly dispersed inIn the fertilizer particles, various raw materials are mixed step by step, so that the effective components can be uniformly dispersed, the mutual reaction among the raw materials is reduced, the effective nutrients are reduced, the strength of the fertilizer particles is enhanced, and the occurrence probability of moisture absorption, bonding and the like of the raw materials is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a preparation method of the wheat special fertilizer synergistic with returning rice straws.

Detailed Description

The above and further features and advantages of the present invention are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.