阅读说明：本技术 促进番茄保花保果的叶面肥及其制备方法 (Foliar fertilizer for promoting flower and fruit retention of tomatoes and preparation method thereof ) 是由 阮俊翔 覃楠 阮经宙 陆玉英 杨雄娟 龙娇月 吴承芳 曾庆烨 黄建坤 韦园安 李 于 2020-05-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种促进番茄保花保果的叶面肥,包括以下重量份的组分：由废蜜液、米糠和麦麸发酵分解得到的小分子单糖10～20份；废蜜液80～95份；氨基酸5～15份；微生物菌群改善剂6.5～13.1份；硼酸5～15份。本发明制备的叶面肥,具有原料易得,营养丰富,具有快速补充番茄生殖生长所需的小分子营养和微量元素,补充番茄光合作用产物的同时提升光合作用速率,从而实现防治番茄因为有机营养和微量元素缺乏导致的花粉败育、授粉不良以及光合作用不良、营养缺乏导致的花、果实生长点离层形成导致的坐果率下降和落花落果,且具有绿色环保、性能稳定、吸收效果好同时不含有任何激素、生长调节剂的特点,有效提升番茄的坐果率和产量。(The invention discloses a foliar fertilizer for promoting flower and fruit retention of tomatoes, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of micromolecular monosaccharide obtained by fermenting and decomposing waste honey liquid, rice bran and wheat bran; 80-95 parts of waste honey liquid; 5-15 parts of amino acid; 6.5-13.1 parts of a microbial flora improving agent; 5-15 parts of boric acid. The foliar fertilizer prepared by the invention has the advantages of easily available raw materials and rich nutrition, can quickly supplement micromolecule nutrients and trace elements required by the reproductive growth of tomatoes, and can supplement photosynthesis products of the tomatoes and simultaneously improve the photosynthesis rate, thereby preventing and treating the reduction of fruit setting rate and the fruit drop caused by pollen abortion, poor pollination, poor photosynthesis and the formation of flower and fruit growth point abscission layers caused by organic nutrient and trace element deficiency of the tomatoes, and having the characteristics of environmental protection, stable performance, good absorption effect, no hormone or growth regulator, and effectively improving the fruit setting rate and the yield of the tomatoes.)

1. The leaf fertilizer for promoting flower and fruit retention of tomatoes is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:

10-20 parts of micromolecular monosaccharide obtained by fermenting and decomposing waste honey liquid, rice bran and wheat bran;

80-95 parts of waste honey liquid;

5-15 parts of amino acid;

6.5-13.1 parts of a microbial flora improving agent;

5-15 parts of boric acid.

2. The foliar fertilizer for promoting flower and fruit retention of tomatoes as claimed in claim 1, further comprising 10 to 12 parts of a solubilizer, 5 to 10 parts of a thickener and 1 to 3 parts of an emulsifier.

3. The foliar fertilizer for promoting the flower and fruit retention of tomatoes as claimed in claim 2, wherein the microbial flora improving agent comprises:

0.4-0.6 part of saccharomycete, 0.2-1.0 part of high-sugar yeast, 0.1-0.3 part of yeast extract, 0.8-1.2 parts of urea and 5-10 parts of calcium nitrate.

4. The foliar fertilizer for promoting the flower and fruit retention of tomatoes as claimed in claim 3, wherein the small molecule monosaccharide is prepared by the following method:

step one, taking rice bran to be crushed, weighing 5-10 parts, drying at 85-105 ℃, and mixing with 50-70 parts of waste honey liquid to obtain a mixture;

step two, adding the mixture into a mixture according to a material-liquid ratio of 1: uniformly stirring 40-50 parts of distilled water, and carrying out high-temperature sterilization in a fermentation tank at 85-95 ℃ under normal pressure for 1-2 hours;

cooling the to-be-fermented tank to 45-65 ℃, and adding 0.1M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution to adjust the pH value of the system to 5.0-7.5;

adding 0.5-2 parts of papain and 0.1-0.5 part of neutral cellulase into a fermentation tank, and performing ventilation fermentation for 6-12 hours to obtain a first fermentation solution;

and step five, taking 20-40 parts of wheat bran, crushing, sterilizing, and adding the wheat bran in a material-liquid ratio of 1: 10, uniformly mixing the mixture with distilled water, and carrying out high-temperature sterilization in a fermentation tank at the temperature of 85-95 ℃ under normal pressure for 1-2 hours to obtain a wheat bran aqueous solution;

step six, adding 0.1-0.2 part of yeast, 0.5-1.0 part of lactic acid bacteria into the wheat bran aqueous solution, and performing ventilation fermentation at 45-65 ℃ for 6-12 hours to obtain a second fermentation liquid;

and step seven, mixing the first fermentation liquid and the second fermentation liquid, removing impurities through precipitation, and drying the obtained clear solution under reduced pressure to obtain the micromolecule monosaccharide.

5. The foliar fertilizer for promoting the flower and fruit retention of tomatoes as claimed in claim 4, wherein the aeration species in the aeration fermentation in the fourth step is sterilized air.

6. The foliar fertilizer for promoting the flower and fruit retention of tomatoes as claimed in claim 5, wherein the drying conditions under reduced pressure in the seventh step are as follows: the temperature is 60 ℃, the vacuum degree is-0.07 Mpa, and the drying time is 12 h.

7. The foliar fertilizer for promoting the flower and fruit retention of tomatoes as claimed in claim 6, wherein the activity of the neutral cellulase used in the fourth step is 2 ten thousand u/ml, and the activity of the papain used is 5 ten thousand u/g.

8. The foliar fertilizer for promoting the flower and fruit retention of tomatoes as claimed in claim 7, wherein the amino acid is obtained by the following method:

step one, taking 40-60 parts of chlorella and 50-80 parts of spirulina, and drying the chlorella and the spirulina at 95-105 ℃ under reduced pressure until the weight is constant;

step two, adding the feed liquid ratio of the chlorella to the spirulina to be 1: 10-20 parts of distilled water, uniformly stirring, and boiling in a reaction vessel for 0.5-1.5 hours to obtain a first mixed solution;

placing the obtained first mixed solution in a sterilization container to room temperature, adding 0.5-2.0 parts of neutral cellulase and 0.5-1.0 part of protease, and stirring for reacting for 8-12 hours to obtain a second mixed solution;

step four, adding 1-2 times of distilled water into the obtained second mixed solution, transferring the second mixed solution into a cutter emulsifying machine, and chopping the second mixed solution at the speed of 300-450 r/min for 30min to obtain a homogeneous solution;

and step five, drying the obtained homogeneous liquid at the temperature of 60-75 ℃ to obtain the amino acid powder.

9. The foliar fertilizer for promoting the flower and fruit retention of tomatoes as claimed in claim 3, which comprises the following components:

60 parts of waste honey liquid, 10 parts of amino acid, 0.6 part of yeast, 0.5 part of high-sugar yeast, 0.2 part of yeast extract, 1.0 part of urea, 6 parts of calcium nitrate, 10 parts of boric acid, 20 parts of micromolecular monosaccharide, 10 parts of solubilizer, 10 parts of thickener and 1 part of emulsifier.

10. A preparation method of a foliar fertilizer for promoting flower and fruit retention of tomatoes is characterized in that the foliar fertilizer is obtained by mixing and fermenting the components of any one of claims 1-9 for 12 hours.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a foliar fertilizer for promoting flower and fruit retention of tomatoes and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The tomato (with the scientific name of Solanum lycopersicum) is an annual or perennial herbaceous plant of tubular meshes, solanaceae and tomato, is originally produced in south America, has the height of 0.6-2 m, is entirely produced with mucilaginous gland hair, has strong smell, easily falls down stems, leaves with feathers or feathers with deep cracks, has the total stems of 2-5 cm in length of inflorescences and usually 3-7 flowers, calyx with spokes, corolla with flat or nearly spherical berries, has the pulp with much juice, the seeds are yellow, and the flowers are in summer and autumn at the flower and fruit stage. The tomatoes are widely cultivated in the south and the north of China, have rich nutrition and special flavor, can be eaten raw, boiled, processed into tomato paste, juice or can be stored in whole fruits, have great economic value and are important economic crops in China.

The growth and development of tomatoes are easily influenced by self nutritional conditions and environmental factors, the flowering number and fruit setting number of the tomatoes can be influenced by factors such as warm and humid climates, fertile soil and the like, and the abundant nutrition of trees is an important guarantee for the yield of the tomatoes. In the planting production of tomatoes in China, the defects of trace elements and sunshine time cause poor pollination, pollen abortion and flowers but not fruits of the tomatoes. On one hand, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of tomatoes are unbalanced, the burden of plants is over heavy, and the growth of internodes is excessive, so that calyx abscission layers are formed, flowers fall and fruits fall; on the other hand, the resistance is reduced and plants are aged due to malnutrition and insufficient photosynthesis products, a series of diseases are easy to occur repeatedly, flowers and fruits fall in the case of mild plants, the whole plants die in the case of severe plants, and the yield of tomatoes is seriously influenced.

The traditional tomato production method for flower and fruit retention of tomatoes is mainly realized by spraying growth regulators such as tomatidine, anti-falling elements, 2, 4-D and the like. The regulator medicine is mainly used for the mechanism of flower and fruit retention of tomatoes by flower dipping and flower spraying, the mechanism of the regulator medicine plays a role by preventing the formation of a abscission layer by regulating the concentration of auxin near the abscission layer of a stem growing point, the conventional method is to use a writing brush for flower dipping, flower spraying and the like, high-temperature weather needs to be avoided when the regulator medicine is used, and the phenomenon that liquid medicine is splashed onto leaves to easily cause phytotoxicity is avoided. Although the traditional method has certain effects on preventing abscission layer formation and preventing flower and fruit dropping, the traditional method does not improve the nutrition condition of tomato plants, has poor effect under the condition of plant malnutrition, has complicated operation technology by using a regulator and strict requirements on environmental temperature, and can cause phytotoxicity, cause tomato leaf dropping and fruit malformation, and result in yield reduction and quality reduction. Therefore, a method for rapidly supplementing factors such as fruit bearing organic nutrition, photosynthesis products and micro-medium elements required by tomatoes is urgently needed in the field of tomato production.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the present invention to address at least the above-mentioned deficiencies and to provide at least the advantages which will be described hereinafter.

The invention aims to solve the problem that the current market lacks a foliar fertilizer product for supplementing flower and fruit setting nutrition to tomatoes and promoting flower and fruit retention of tomatoes, and provides a foliar fertilizer for promoting flower and fruit retention of tomatoes and a preparation method thereof.

The invention also aims to provide the environment-friendly foliar fertilizer which is prepared by taking micromolecule sugar prepared by carrying out probiotic compound fermentation on waste honey liquid, wheat bran and rice bran and enzymolysis compound amino acid as main raw materials and combining elements required for promoting tomato pollen fertilization and fruit development.

To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, the present invention provides a foliar fertilizer for promoting flower and fruit retention of tomatoes, wherein the foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight:

10-20 parts of micromolecular monosaccharide obtained by fermenting and decomposing waste honey liquid, rice bran and wheat bran;

80-95 parts of waste honey liquid;

5-15 parts of amino acid;

6.5-13.1 parts of a microbial flora improving agent;

5-15 parts of boric acid.

In the scheme, the waste honey liquid is the waste honey liquid left in the production of the sugar refinery, the micromolecule sugar is prepared by mixing and sterilizing the waste honey liquid, rice bran and wheat bran, and then carrying out composite enzymolysis and biological fermentation treatment, and the components which cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by plants, such as cellulose, macromolecular polysaccharide and the like in the production waste are biologically decomposed through multi-level and multi-path decomposition to become the micromolecule sugar which is convenient for the plants to absorb. The micromolecule sugar prepared by using the biological organic matter as the raw material has the characteristics of rich varieties and better accordance with plant nutrition requirements, and can be used for preparing the foliar fertilizer to quickly supplement the carbohydrate nutrition required by plants, supplement products of photosynthesis, promote the flower forming rate and the fruit bearing rate of tomatoes and help the tomatoes to prolong the fruit-enlarging period. The traditional foliar fertilizer has large molecular weight of organic nutrients, is slow to absorb, can be absorbed and utilized by plants even after being degraded by primary microorganisms on the foliar surface, and is difficult to be rapidly absorbed by the plants. The foliar fertilizer of the invention can realize the characteristics of rapidly supplementing plant photosynthesis efficiency and supplementing photosynthesis products. On one hand, the micromolecular sugar can rapidly enter mesophyll tissues through the gaps between leaf surface cells and pores, and the sugar nutrition required by the flower formation and fruit setting of the tomatoes is supplemented. On the other hand, the micromolecule sugar and active micromolecules such as enzyme, vitamin, biological factor and the like generated by fermentation can quickly activate related pathways of plant photosynthesis pathways, simultaneously provide components such as raw materials, coenzyme and the like for photosynthesis, increase the photosynthesis efficiency of plants and further help tomatoes to accumulate organic nutrition.

Preferably, the foliar fertilizer for promoting flower and fruit retention of tomatoes further comprises 10-12 parts of a solubilizer, 5-10 parts of a thickener and 1-3 parts of an emulsifier. The solubilizer is preferably Tween 60, and the emulsifier is preferably modified silicon 40.

Preferably, in the foliar fertilizer for promoting flower and fruit retention of tomatoes, the microbial community improving agent comprises:

0.4-0.6 part of saccharomycete, 0.2-1.0 part of high-sugar yeast, 0.1-0.3 part of yeast extract, 0.8-1.2 parts of urea and 5-10 parts of calcium nitrate.

In the scheme, the combination of the yeast, the high-sugar yeast, the yeast extract, the urea and the calcium nitrate has the function of improving the microbial flora on the plant leaf surfaces. Specifically, the yeast and the high-sugar yeast can play a synergistic role in saccharide metabolism on leaf surfaces, increase the number of beneficial bacteria and generate micromolecular sugar capable of quickly supplementing plant nutrients. The yeast extract can provide growth factor components for beneficial microorganisms, and the urea and the calcium nitrate can provide inorganic salt required by the growth of the microorganisms, so that the beneficial microorganisms on the surfaces of plants can be helped to quickly propagate and fix the plants, and the effect of quickly improving the microbial flora on the leaf surfaces is achieved.

Preferably, in the foliar fertilizer for promoting flower and fruit retention of tomatoes, the micromolecular monosaccharide is prepared by the following method:

step one, taking rice bran to be crushed, weighing 5-10 parts, drying at 85-105 ℃, and mixing with 50-70 parts of waste honey liquid to obtain a mixture;

step two, adding the mixture into a mixture according to a material-liquid ratio of 1: uniformly stirring 40-50 parts of distilled water, and carrying out high-temperature sterilization in a fermentation tank at 85-95 ℃ under normal pressure for 1-2 hours;

cooling the to-be-fermented tank to 45-65 ℃, and adding 0.1M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution to adjust the pH value of the system to 5.0-7.5;

adding 0.5-2 parts of papain and 0.1-0.5 part of neutral cellulase into a fermentation tank, and performing ventilation fermentation for 6-12 hours to obtain a first fermentation solution;

and step five, taking 20-40 parts of wheat bran, crushing, sterilizing, and adding the wheat bran in a material-liquid ratio of 1: 10, uniformly mixing the mixture with distilled water, and carrying out high-temperature sterilization in a fermentation tank at the temperature of 85-95 ℃ under normal pressure for 1-2 hours to obtain a wheat bran aqueous solution;

step six, adding 0.1-0.2 part of yeast, 0.5-1.0 part of lactic acid bacteria into the wheat bran aqueous solution, and performing ventilation fermentation at 45-65 ℃ for 6-12 hours to obtain a second fermentation liquid;

and step seven, mixing the first fermentation liquid and the second fermentation liquid, removing impurities through precipitation, and drying the obtained clear solution under reduced pressure to obtain the micromolecule monosaccharide.

According to the scheme, the rice bran and the wheat bran are fermented separately, a small amount of protein combined with the polysaccharide in the rice bran and the waste honey liquid can be effectively degraded by adding the papain with weak specificity in the first-step fermentation liquid preparation process, the preparation efficiency of the micromolecule sugar is improved, meanwhile, if the rice bran and the wheat bran are added simultaneously, tannin in the wheat bran can possibly influence the combination efficiency of the complex enzyme and the polysaccharide, meanwhile, the water absorption characteristic of the wheat bran can also lead to the reduction of free water in a system, and the enzymolysis reaction efficiency is reduced.

Preferably, in the foliar fertilizer for promoting flower and fruit retention of tomatoes, the aeration type in the aeration fermentation in the fourth step is sterilized air.

Preferably, in the foliar fertilizer for promoting flower and fruit retention of tomatoes, the reduced pressure drying conditions in the seventh step are as follows: the temperature is 60 ℃, the vacuum degree is-0.07 Mpa, and the drying time is 12 h.

Preferably, in the foliar fertilizer for promoting flower and fruit retention of tomatoes, the activity of the neutral cellulase used in the fourth step is 2 ten thousand u/ml, and the activity of the papain used is 5 ten thousand u/g.

Preferably, in the foliar fertilizer for promoting flower and fruit retention of tomatoes, the amino acid is obtained by the following method:

step one, taking 40-60 parts of chlorella and 50-80 parts of spirulina, and drying the chlorella and the spirulina at 95-105 ℃ under reduced pressure until the weight is constant;

step two, adding the feed liquid ratio of the chlorella to the spirulina to be 1: 10-20 parts of distilled water, uniformly stirring, and boiling in a reaction vessel for 0.5-1.5 hours to obtain a first mixed solution;

placing the obtained first mixed solution in a sterilization container to room temperature, adding 0.5-2.0 parts of neutral cellulase and 0.5-1.0 part of protease, and stirring for reacting for 8-12 hours to obtain a second mixed solution;

step four, adding 1-2 times of distilled water into the obtained second mixed solution, transferring the second mixed solution into a cutter emulsifying machine, and chopping the second mixed solution at the speed of 300-450 r/min for 30min to obtain a homogeneous solution;

and step five, drying the obtained homogeneous liquid at the temperature of 60-75 ℃ to obtain the amino acid powder.

In the scheme, the amino acid is prepared from unicellular algae such as chlorella, spirulina and the like. The unicellular algae is easy to obtain, and has the characteristics of less environmental pollution and low energy consumption in the production process compared with protein sources such as peptone, fish meal and the like. On the other hand, the protein content of chlorella and spirulina reaches 50-60%, the protein content is high, the nutrition required by tomatoes is met, meanwhile, active micromolecules such as chlorophyll, coenzyme and the like rich in the algae can improve the metabolic rate of plants and increase the rate of dry matter accumulation, resistance related signals of plant systems can be induced, and tomato flower and fruit dropping caused by severe climate and plant diseases and insect pests is reduced. The algae extract is prepared by papain fermentation to accord with amino acid, the reaction is mild and controllable, and the method is suitable for large-scale industrial production and simultaneously reduces environmental pollution. The adopted amino acid has the characteristic of easy absorption of micromolecules after fermentation treatment, and meanwhile, the amino acid degraded by the biological protein has the characteristics of rich varieties and comprehensive nutrition, and is suitable for comprehensive requirements and rapid supplement of plant nutrition.

The ventilation type in the ventilation fermentation is sterile air.

The conditions for drying under reduced pressure were: the temperature is 60 ℃, the vacuum degree is-0.07 Mpa, and the drying time is 12 h.

The activity of the used neutral cellulase is 2 wu/ml, and the activity of the used papain is 5 wu/g.

Preferably, the foliar fertilizer for promoting flower and fruit retention of tomatoes specifically comprises the following components:

60 parts of waste honey liquid, 10 parts of amino acid, 0.6 part of yeast, 0.5 part of high-sugar yeast, 0.2 part of yeast extract, 1.0 part of urea, 6 parts of calcium nitrate, 10 parts of boric acid, 20 parts of micromolecular monosaccharide, 10 parts of solubilizer, 10 parts of thickener and 1 part of emulsifier.

A preparation method of a foliar fertilizer for promoting flower and fruit retention of tomatoes comprises the step of mixing and fermenting the components for 12 hours to obtain the foliar fertilizer.

The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:

firstly, the invention sprays organic nutrition on the leaf surface, rapidly improves the contents of micromolecular sugar, amino acid and medium trace elements of the leaf, can directly and rapidly supplement photosynthesis products required by tomato fruit setting, simultaneously promotes photosynthesis, meets the nutrition conditions required by tomato flower and fruit retention, realizes sufficient plant nutrition, strong tree vigor and remarkably improves the flower and fruit setting rate.

And secondly, the micromolecular sugar is prepared by mixing and sterilizing waste honey liquid, rice bran and wheat bran, performing composite enzymolysis and biological fermentation treatment, and performing multi-layer and multi-path decomposition to biologically decompose components such as cellulose and macromolecular polysaccharide in production waste which cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by plants into the micromolecular sugar convenient for the plants to absorb. The micromolecule sugar prepared by using the biological organic matter as the raw material has the characteristics of rich varieties and better accordance with plant nutrition requirements, and can be used for preparing the foliar fertilizer to quickly supplement the carbohydrate nutrition required by plants, supplement products of photosynthesis, promote the flower forming rate and the fruit bearing rate of tomatoes and help the tomatoes to prolong the fruit-enlarging period. The traditional foliar fertilizer has large molecular weight of organic nutrients, is slow to absorb, can be absorbed and utilized by plants even after being degraded by primary microorganisms on the foliar surface, and is difficult to be rapidly absorbed by the plants. The foliar fertilizer of the invention can realize the characteristics of rapidly supplementing plant photosynthesis efficiency and supplementing photosynthesis products. On one hand, the micromolecular sugar can rapidly enter mesophyll tissues through the gaps between leaf surface cells and pores, and the sugar nutrition required by the flower formation and fruit setting of the tomatoes is supplemented. On the other hand, the micromolecule sugar and active micromolecules such as enzyme, vitamin, biological factor and the like generated by fermentation can quickly activate related pathways of plant photosynthesis pathways, simultaneously provide components such as raw materials, coenzyme and the like for photosynthesis, increase the photosynthesis efficiency of plants and further help tomatoes to accumulate organic nutrition.

The amino acid of the present invention is prepared from unicellular algae such as chlorella, spirulina, etc. The unicellular algae is easy to obtain, and has the characteristics of less environmental pollution and low energy consumption in the production process compared with protein sources such as peptone, fish meal and the like. On the other hand, the protein content of chlorella and spirulina reaches 50-60%, the protein content is high, the nutrition required by tomatoes is met, meanwhile, active micromolecules such as chlorophyll, coenzyme and the like rich in the algae can improve the metabolic rate of plants and increase the rate of dry matter accumulation, resistance related signals of plant systems can be induced, and tomato flower and fruit dropping caused by severe climate and plant diseases and insect pests is reduced. The algae extract is prepared by papain fermentation to accord with amino acid, the reaction is mild and controllable, and the method is suitable for large-scale industrial production and simultaneously reduces environmental pollution. The adopted amino acid has the characteristic of easy absorption of micromolecules after fermentation treatment, and meanwhile, the amino acid degraded by the biological protein has the characteristics of rich varieties and comprehensive nutrition, and is suitable for comprehensive requirements and rapid supplement of plant nutrition.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.

The waste honey liquid of the embodiment of the invention is the waste honey liquid left in sugar refinery production.