阅读说明：本技术 盐碱土改良剂炭基肥及其制备方法和应用 (Saline-alkali soil modifier carbon-based fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 邓辉 仇继辉 王洋 马腾 于 2020-05-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及固体废弃物资源化利用、土壤环境治理技术领域,是一种盐碱土改良剂炭基肥及其制备方法和应用,前者按照下述方法得到：将经过干燥粉碎后的棉花秸秆颗粒冲入氮气吹扫后进行密封,放入马弗炉中程序升温后进行热解反应,再经过水洗、烘干、粉碎和过筛后得到棉杆炭,将棉杆炭与化肥安装比例混合造粒得到盐碱土改良剂炭基肥。本发明能够有效改善盐碱土的理化性质,提高了土壤中总速效氮、磷、钾的含量,并且可以提高土壤中酶的活性,提高植物抗逆性,有效降低盐碱土含盐量,增加土壤持水率,同时,可实现农业废弃物的资源化利用,具有环保、经济、高效的特点,可广泛应用于小麦栽培土壤改良。(The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste resource utilization and soil environment treatment, in particular to a carbon-based fertilizer of a saline-alkali soil modifier, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the carbon-based fertilizer is obtained by the following steps: and (2) flushing nitrogen into the dried and crushed cotton straw particles, purging, sealing, putting the cotton straw particles into a muffle furnace, performing temperature programming, performing pyrolysis reaction, washing, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain cotton stalk carbon, and mixing and granulating the cotton stalk carbon and the chemical fertilizer in a mounting ratio to obtain the saline-alkali soil modifier carbon-based fertilizer. The invention can effectively improve the physicochemical property of saline-alkali soil, improve the content of total rapid-effect nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil, improve the activity of enzyme in the soil, improve the stress resistance of plants, effectively reduce the salt content of saline-alkali soil, increase the water holding rate of the soil, realize the resource utilization of agricultural wastes, have the characteristics of environmental protection, economy and high efficiency, and can be widely applied to the improvement of wheat cultivation soil.)

1. A carbon-based fertilizer for saline-alkali soil modifier is characterized by being prepared by the following steps: firstly, drying and crushing cotton straws to obtain cotton straw particles; secondly, filling nitrogen into the cotton straw particles, purging, sealing, placing the cotton straw particles into a muffle furnace, and performing temperature programming and heat preservation to obtain a pyrolysis product; thirdly, washing, drying, crushing and sieving the pyrolysis product in sequence to obtain cotton stalk carbon; step four, uniformly mixing required amount of urea, triammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate to obtain a base fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of the urea to the triammonium phosphate to the potassium sulfate is 1: 3.0-3.5: 2.0-2.5; and fifthly, mixing and granulating required amounts of a base fertilizer, cotton stalk carbon and kaolin to obtain the saline-alkali soil improver carbon-based fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 0.13 to 0.67 parts by weight of the cotton stalk carbon and 40 parts by weight of the kaolin.

2. The saline-alkali soil improver carbon-based fertilizer of claim 1, wherein in the second step, the temperature programming rate is 15 ℃/min, the heat preservation temperature is 500 ℃ to 700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5h to 2.0 h.

3. The saline-alkali soil improver carbon-based fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the second step, the purging rate is 0.2L/min to 0.3L/min, and the purging time is 0.5h to 1.0 h.

4. The saline-alkali soil improver carbon-based fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that in the third step, the washing time is 0.8h to 1.2h and the washing temperature is 90 ℃ to 100 ℃.

5. The saline-alkali soil improver carbon-based fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein in the third step, the drying temperature is 100 ℃ to 105 ℃, and the diameter of the sieved mesh is 80 mm.

6. The saline-alkali soil improver carbon-based fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, wherein in the fifth step, the stirring speed during granulation is 45r/min to 55r/min, and the temperature is 45 ℃ to 55 ℃.

7. The saline-alkali soil improver carbon-based fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that in the first step, the drying temperature is 100 ℃ to 105 ℃, the drying time is 3h to 4h, and the particle size of the cotton straw particles is 3cm to 5 cm.

8. A preparation method of the saline-alkali soil improver carbon-based fertilizer according to any one of claims 2 to 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, drying and crushing cotton straws to obtain cotton straw particles; secondly, filling nitrogen into the cotton straw particles, purging, sealing, placing the cotton straw particles into a muffle furnace, and performing temperature programming and heat preservation to obtain a pyrolysis product; thirdly, washing, drying, crushing and sieving the pyrolysis product in sequence to obtain cotton stalk carbon; step four, uniformly mixing required amount of urea, triammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate to obtain a base fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of the urea to the triammonium phosphate to the potassium sulfate is 1: 3.0-3.5: 2.0-2.5; and fifthly, mixing and granulating required amounts of a base fertilizer, cotton stalk carbon and kaolin to obtain the saline-alkali soil improver carbon-based fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 0.13 to 0.67 parts by weight of the cotton stalk carbon and 40 parts by weight of the kaolin.

9. Use of the carbon-based fertilizer of the saline-alkali soil improver according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for improving wheat cultivation soil.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of resource utilization of solid wastes and soil environment treatment, and discloses a carbon-based fertilizer for a saline-alkali soil modifier, and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

China has a large amount of saline-alkali soil to be improved and utilized, and the saline-alkali soil improvement measures and the technical requirements are urgent. The salinization of the land becomes an important factor for restricting the sustainable development of agriculture, the demand for agricultural products such as grains is increasing along with the continuous increase of population, and the development and utilization of the saline-alkali land are urgent. The reasonable utilization of the saline-alkali soil can not only increase the crop yield and relieve the grain crisis, but also control the environmental pollution and improve the ecological quality of the environment. On one hand, Xinjiang forms large-area saline-alkali soil due to small precipitation and strong evaporation capacity, and on the other hand, Xinjiang is the largest cotton planting area in China, the annual cotton yield is increased, and the increase of cotton brings more cotton straws to become solid waste, so that the direct abandonment, incineration or landfill of the cotton straws can cause new pollution to the atmosphere, soil and the like, and resources are wasted. In recent years, the biomass pyrolysis technology can realize the recycling of agricultural wastes, and the pyrolysis products can be applied to different fields, so that a new development direction is provided for the resource utilization of the agricultural wastes.

At present, methods for improving saline-alkali soil can be roughly divided into the following categories: the method comprises the following steps of (1) water conservancy engineering measures, physical improvement measures, biological improvement measures and chemical improvement measures, wherein the water conservancy engineering measures mainly comprise engineering measures of open trench excavation, underground concealed pipes arrangement, vertical shaft drainage and the like, and although the method can reduce the salt content in soil, the service life is limited and the method depends on water resources; the main forms of the physical improvement method comprise a soil dressing improvement method, a surface covering method, deep ploughing and turning, intercropping and interplanting, land leveling and the like, and the methods have certain effects on saline-alkali soil, but have the defects of complicated engineering, large engineering quantity, low cost and resource waste; the biological improvement method mainly comprises the steps of introducing and cultivating salt-tolerant plants, and then, fully utilizing saline-alkali soil and improving the soil quality of the plants by using the cultivated plants, and is characterized in that: the fertilizer has the advantages of quick response, low cost and basically no secondary pollution, but the growth period of crops is closely related to factors such as soil moisture, soil fertility, environmental ambient temperature, agricultural technology, salt tolerance and the like, and the practical application is difficult; and fourthly, chemically improving the saline-alkali soil refers to a process of improving the saline-alkali soil by applying an organic chemical modifier, an inorganic chemical modifier or an organic-inorganic mixed modifier into the soil. Compared with other improving measures, the chemical improving measure has quick effect, simple method and obvious effect, but has high cost and is likely to cause secondary pollution to the environment.

In conclusion, the existing saline-alkali soil improvement measures cannot reasonably and effectively improve the saline-alkali soil. Therefore, a set of Xinjiang saline-alkali soil improvement technology integrating economic, environmental and ecological benefits is needed to be established, ecological restoration is carried out, local ecology is improved, meanwhile, sustainable utilization of saline-alkali soil can be promoted, and a wider application prospect is provided for sustainable utilization of the Xinjiang saline-alkali soil.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a carbon-based fertilizer for a saline-alkali soil modifier, and a preparation method and application thereof, overcomes the defects of the prior art, and can effectively solve the problems of difficult practical application, large secondary pollution, large engineering quantity and high cost in the conventional saline-alkali soil modification method.

One of the technical schemes of the invention is realized by the following measures: a carbon-based fertilizer for saline-alkali soil modifier is obtained by the following steps: firstly, drying and crushing cotton straws to obtain cotton straw particles; secondly, filling nitrogen into the cotton straw particles, purging, sealing, placing the cotton straw particles into a muffle furnace, and performing temperature programming and heat preservation to obtain a pyrolysis product; thirdly, washing, drying, crushing and sieving the pyrolysis product in sequence to obtain cotton stalk carbon; step four, uniformly mixing required amount of urea, triammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate to obtain a base fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of the urea to the triammonium phosphate to the potassium sulfate is 1: 3.0-3.5: 2.0-2.5; and fifthly, mixing and granulating required amounts of a base fertilizer, cotton stalk carbon and kaolin to obtain the saline-alkali soil improver carbon-based fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 0.13 to 0.67 parts by weight of the cotton stalk carbon and 40 parts by weight of the kaolin.

The following is a further optimization or/and improvement of one of the above-mentioned technical solutions of the invention:

in the second step, the temperature programming rate is 15 ℃/min, the heat preservation temperature is 500 ℃ to 700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5h to 2.0 h.

In the second step, the purging speed is 0.2L/min to 0.3L/min, and the purging time is 0.5h to 1.0 h.

In the third step, the washing time is 0.8h to 1.2h, and the washing temperature is 90 ℃ to 100 ℃.

In the third step, the drying temperature is 100 ℃ to 105 ℃, and the diameter of the sieved screen is 80 mm.

In the fifth step, the stirring speed is 45r/min to 55r/min and the temperature is 45 ℃ to 55 ℃ during granulation.

In the first step, the drying temperature is 100-105 ℃, the drying time is 3-4 h, and the particle size of the cotton straw particles is 3-5 cm.

The second technical scheme of the invention is realized by the following measures: a preparation method of a carbon-based fertilizer for a saline-alkali soil modifier comprises the following steps: firstly, drying and crushing cotton straws to obtain cotton straw particles; secondly, filling nitrogen into the cotton straw particles, purging, sealing, placing the cotton straw particles into a muffle furnace, and performing temperature programming and heat preservation to obtain a pyrolysis product; thirdly, washing, drying, crushing and sieving the pyrolysis product in sequence to obtain cotton stalk carbon; step four, uniformly mixing required amount of urea, triammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate to obtain a base fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of the urea to the triammonium phosphate to the potassium sulfate is 1: 3.0-3.5: 2.0-2.5; and fifthly, mixing and granulating required amounts of a base fertilizer, cotton stalk carbon and kaolin to obtain the saline-alkali soil improver carbon-based fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 0.13 to 0.67 parts by weight of the cotton stalk carbon and 40 parts by weight of the kaolin.

The following is further optimization or/and improvement of the second technical scheme of the invention:

in the second step, the temperature programming rate is 15 ℃/min, the heat preservation temperature is 500 ℃ to 700 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1.5h to 2.0 h.

In the second step, the purging speed is 0.2L/min to 0.3L/min, and the purging time is 0.5h to 1.0 h.

In the third step, the washing time is 0.8h to 1.2h, and the washing temperature is 90 ℃ to 100 ℃.

In the third step, the drying temperature is 100 ℃ to 105 ℃, and the diameter of the sieved screen is 80 mm.

In the fifth step, the stirring speed is 45r/min to 55r/min and the temperature is 45 ℃ to 55 ℃ during granulation.

In the first step, the drying temperature is 100-105 ℃, the drying time is 3-4 h, and the particle size of the cotton straw particles is 3-5 cm.

The third technical scheme of the invention is realized by the following measures: an application of a carbon-based fertilizer of a saline-alkali soil modifier in improving wheat cultivation soil.

The invention can effectively improve the physicochemical property of saline-alkali soil, improve the content of total rapid-effect nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil, improve the activity of enzyme in the soil, improve the stress resistance of plants, effectively reduce the salt content of saline-alkali soil, increase the water holding rate of the soil, realize the resource utilization of agricultural wastes, have the characteristics of environmental protection, economy and high efficiency, and can be widely applied to the improvement of wheat cultivation soil.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a bar chart showing the influence of the carbon-based fertilizer of the saline-alkali soil modifier on the contents of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and quick-acting phosphorus in saline-alkali soil.

FIG. 2 is a bar chart showing the influence of the carbon-based fertilizer of the saline-alkali soil modifier on the activity change of the saline-alkali soil.

FIG. 3 is a point diagram and a bar diagram of the influence of the carbon-based fertilizer of the saline-alkali soil modifier on the water retention rate and the total salt content of saline-alkali soil respectively.

Detailed Description

The present invention is not limited by the following examples, and specific embodiments may be determined according to the technical solutions and practical situations of the present invention. The various chemical reagents and chemical articles mentioned in the invention are all the chemical reagents and chemical articles which are well known and commonly used in the prior art, unless otherwise specified; the percentages in the invention are mass percentages unless otherwise specified; the solution in the present invention is an aqueous solution in which the solvent is water, for example, a hydrochloric acid solution is an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, unless otherwise specified; the normal temperature and room temperature in the present invention generally mean a temperature of 15 ℃ to 25 ℃, and are generally defined as 25 ℃.

The invention is further described below with reference to the following examples: