阅读说明：本技术 二维宽线地震观测系统的观测方式确定方法及装置 (Observation mode determination method and device of two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system ) 是由 罗岐峰 王飞 韩春瑞 李文建 马立新 张海县 于 2020-05-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种二维宽线地震观测系统的观测方式确定方法及装置,该方法包括：根据地震探勘区域的干扰波波长,确定共反射点的叠加组合数据的叠加组合间距,所述共反射点的叠加组合数据为多个共反射点的地震反射信号的叠加信号；根据二维宽线地震观测系统的炮检距、所述叠加组合间距,确定偏移距均匀度；根据所述偏移距均匀度,确定二维宽线地震观测系统的多种观测方式；对每种观测方式下的二维宽线地震观测系统进行叠加响应分析,获得每种观测方式对应的叠加响应；根据每种观测方式对应的叠加响应,从多种观测方式中,确定出二维宽线地震观测系统的最优观测方式。本发明可以对二维宽线地震观测系统进行设计,成本低,精度高。(The invention provides an observation mode determining method and device of a two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining the stacking combination interval of the stacking combination data of the common reflection points according to the interference wave wavelength of the seismic exploration area, wherein the stacking combination data of the common reflection points are stacking signals of seismic reflection signals of a plurality of common reflection points; determining the offset uniformity according to the offset and the stacking combination distance of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system; determining a plurality of observation modes of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system according to the offset uniformity; performing stack response analysis on the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system in each observation mode to obtain stack response corresponding to each observation mode; and determining the optimal observation mode of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system from the multiple observation modes according to the superposition response corresponding to each observation mode. The invention can design a two-dimensional wide-line earthquake observation system, and has low cost and high precision.)

1. An observation mode determination method of a two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system is characterized by comprising the following steps:

determining the stacking combination interval of the stacking combination data of the common reflection points according to the interference wave wavelength of the seismic exploration area, wherein the stacking combination data of the common reflection points are stacking signals of seismic reflection signals of a plurality of common reflection points;

determining the offset uniformity according to the offset and the stacking combination distance of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system;

determining a plurality of observation modes of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system according to the offset uniformity;

performing stack response analysis on the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system in each observation mode to obtain stack response corresponding to each observation mode;

and determining the optimal observation mode of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system from the multiple observation modes according to the superposition response corresponding to each observation mode.

2. The observation method of claim 1, wherein the stacking and combining distance of the stacking and combining data of the common reflection point is determined according to the wavelength of the interference wave in the seismic exploration area by using the following formula:

d≤0.8λ_min

wherein d is the superposition combination interval of the superposition combination data of the common reflection point;

λ_minthe shortest wavelength of the interference wave wavelengths in the seismic exploration area.

3. The observation method of claim 1, wherein determining the offset uniformity based on the offset and the stacking combination distance of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system comprises:

determining the covering times according to the offset of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system and the stacking combination distance;

and determining the offset uniformity according to the offset distance, the stacking combination distance and the covering times of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system.

4. The observation method of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system according to claim 3, wherein the number of times of coverage is determined according to the offset and the stacking combination spacing of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system by using the following formula:

d＝(x_max-x_min)/(N-1)

wherein d is the superposition combination interval of the superposition combination data of the common reflection point;

x_maxis the maximum offset length;

x_minis the minimum offset length;

and N is the covering times.

5. The observation method of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system according to claim 3, wherein the offset uniformity is determined from the offset, the stacking combination spacing, and the number of coverage of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system using the following formula:

wherein d is the superposition combination interval of the superposition combination data of the common reflection point;

x_n-1and x_nThe numerical value of two adjacent offset distances is obtained;

n is the covering times;

is the offset uniformity.

6. The observation method of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system according to claim 1, wherein the superposition response analysis is performed on the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system in each observation mode by using the following formula to obtain the superposition response corresponding to each observation mode:

wherein k is_oAnd x_ojRespectively two-dimensional wave number and offset distance;

S(k_o) Is a superimposed response;

ω_jis a weighting factor of the superimposed combined data j;

and N is the covering times.

7. The observation mode determining method of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system according to claim 1, wherein determining the optimal observation mode of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system from a plurality of observation modes according to the stacking response corresponding to each observation mode comprises:

analyzing the suppression effect of the superposition response corresponding to each observation mode on the noise;

and determining the optimal observation mode of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system from multiple observation modes according to the suppression effect of the superposition response corresponding to each observation mode on the noise.

8. An observation mode determining device of a two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system, comprising:

the stacking combination interval determining module is used for determining the stacking combination interval of the stacking combination data of the common reflection points according to the interference wave wavelength of the seismic exploration area, wherein the stacking combination data of the common reflection points are stacking signals of seismic reflection signals of a plurality of common reflection points;

the offset distance uniformity determining module is used for determining the offset distance uniformity according to the offset distance of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system and the stacking combination distance;

the multiple observation mode obtaining module is used for determining multiple observation modes of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system according to the offset uniformity;

the stack response analysis module is used for performing stack response analysis on the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system in each observation mode to obtain a stack response corresponding to each observation mode;

and the optimal observation mode determining module is used for determining the optimal observation mode of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system from a plurality of observation modes according to the superposition response corresponding to each observation mode.

9. The observation mode determining device of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system according to claim 8, wherein the stacking combination interval determining module is specifically configured to:

d≤0.8λ_min

wherein d is the superposition combination interval of the superposition combination data of the common reflection point;

λ_minthe shortest wavelength of the interference wave wavelengths in the seismic exploration area.

10. The observation mode determining apparatus of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system of claim 8, wherein the offset uniformity module is specifically configured to:

determining the covering times according to the offset of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system and the stacking combination distance;

and determining the offset uniformity according to the offset distance, the stacking combination distance and the covering times of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system.

11. The observation mode determining apparatus of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system of claim 10, wherein the offset uniformity module is specifically configured to:

determining the covering times according to the offset of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system and the stacking combination distance by adopting the following formula:

d＝(x_max-x_min)/(N-1)

wherein d is the superposition combination interval of the superposition combination data of the common reflection point;

x_maxis the maximum offset length;

x_minis the minimum offset length;

and N is the covering times.

12. The observation mode determining apparatus of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system of claim 10, wherein the offset uniformity determining module is specifically configured to:

determining the offset uniformity according to the offset, the stacking combination distance and the covering times of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system by adopting the following formula:

wherein d is the superposition combination interval of the superposition combination data of the common reflection point;

x_n-1and x_nThe numerical value of two adjacent offset distances is obtained;

n is the covering times;

is the offset uniformity.

13. The observation mode determining device of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system according to claim 8, wherein the stacking response analysis module is specifically configured to:

and (3) performing stack response analysis on the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system in each observation mode by adopting the following formula to obtain the stack response corresponding to each observation mode:

wherein k is_oAnd x_ojRespectively two-dimensional wave number and offset distance;

S(k_o) Is a superimposed response;

ω_jis a weighting factor of the superimposed combined data j;

and N is the covering times.

14. The observation mode determining apparatus of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system according to claim 8, wherein the optimal observation mode determining module is specifically configured to:

analyzing the suppression effect of the superposition response corresponding to each observation mode on the noise;

and determining the optimal observation mode of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system from multiple observation modes according to the suppression effect of the superposition response corresponding to each observation mode on the noise.

15. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the method of any of claims 1 to 7 when executing the computer program.

16. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, in particular to an observation mode determining method and device of a two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system.

Background

With the continuous deepening of seismic exploration degree, the exploration difficulty is more and more large, and as the seismic profile cannot meet the requirement of geological structure explanation, a correct well position cannot be provided for next drilling.

Taking the chai dalwood basin as an example, in recent years, key exploration areas of the chai dalwood basin, such as crescent mountains, yellow stones, cucumber hills, garden top mountains and other areas, are mostly complex mountains and gobi sand beaches, the ground surface is poor in excitation condition of seismic waves, so that the energy absorption and attenuation of shallow stratum to the seismic waves are fast, the energy of effective reflected waves is weak, and meanwhile, interference waves (surface waves, refracted waves and random interference waves) generated by seismic excitation are serious and are not beneficial to the noise suppression and noise removal processing of seismic data; the underground geological structure is very complex, the stratum inclination angle is steep, the fracture is relatively developed, the seismic wave emission path is complex and changeable, belongs to a low signal-to-noise ratio area of seismic data, and is not beneficial to data superposition imaging of the seismic data; in recent years, labor cost and material cost are increased rapidly, so that seismic exploration is required to continuously optimize a seismic acquisition scheme, and labor productivity is improved.

At present, the conventional two-dimensional seismic exploration technology is generally a single receiving line and a single shot line (1R1S), and the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data is improved by using main means such as a field seismic combination (shot point and demodulator probe) technology, an indoor seismic data superposition technology and the like.

In the early stage of seismic exploration, limited by acquisition equipment, the field earthquake large-area combination is mainly utilized to suppress interference waves, the reflection information of effective waves is improved, the noise suppression effect is related to the number of shot point combinations, the number of wave detection point combinations, the combination distance and the combination mode, and certain exploration effect is obtained in partial blocks.

With the updating of electronic equipment, the number of receiving channels of the field seismic recording instrument is continuously expanded from the original channels of 48, 96 and 120 to ten thousands of channels, the covering times are increased from the original channels of 48 to 120 to 240 to 8000, meanwhile, the computer technology is continuously improved, the seismic data processing means are continuously improved, and the seismic stacking technology is more favorable for improving the quality of a seismic section. The statistical effects of seismic and stacking assemblies follow mathematically the same formula, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the assemblies is increasedIn practice, the statistical effect of n-times superposition is better than that of n detectors or shot point combination. Therefore, superposition combining is the main means to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data.

During conventional two-dimensional seismic exploration, for a specific exploration target layer, the coverage times in a CMP surface element are increased in a limited manner under the condition that the maximum receiving array length is certain when a seismic acquisition observation system is designed, and the stacking effect of seismic data is influenced. The wide line technology is a pseudo three-dimensional technology on the conventional two-dimensional exploration technology, a plurality of receiving lines and shot lines are distributed in the direction of the receiving lines, shot points and detection points are increased, namely high-density earthquake collection is carried out, so that the CMP surface element has higher coverage times, and the signal-to-noise ratio of earthquake data is further improved through superposition processing.

Those skilled in the art are aware of: the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system is one of the commonly used observation systems, and the observation system adopts a partial three-dimensional seismic technology, namely, arrangement pieces of the observation system longitudinally roll (line measurement direction) and arrangement pieces which do not transversely roll. The collection technology is characterized in that the size of the surface element can be enlarged, and the covering times are improved. However, the existing two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system has the disadvantages that the offset distances with different sizes are repeated in a single surface element, and sufficient attention is not paid, and the design of the conventional observation system is usually concentrated on the observation types (1 line 3 cannon, 2 line 2 cannon, 2 line 3 cannon and the like), the coverage times (300, 600, 1200, 1800, 3600 and the like) are considered to be improved to the maximum extent, so that the noise can be suppressed better and the section quality of seismic exploration is improved, but the scheme is not optimal, on one hand, the coverage times are improved to a certain degree, more coverage times are added, the section quality of seismic exploration is not greatly improved, the exploration cost is increased by times, on the other hand, the linkage relation between the coverage times and the offset distance distribution is not considered, the coverage times are easily improved by expanding the surface element size, but under the condition that the coverage times are certain, the uniformity of offset distribution is realized, the difficulty is high, and the precision of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system is not high.

In summary, the existing two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system has the problems of high cost and low precision when the observation mode is determined.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention provides an observation mode determining method of a two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system, which is used for designing the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system, has low cost and high precision and comprises the following steps:

determining the stacking combination interval of the stacking combination data of the common reflection points according to the interference wave wavelength of the seismic exploration area, wherein the stacking combination data of the common reflection points are stacking signals of seismic reflection signals of a plurality of common reflection points;

determining the offset uniformity according to the offset and the stacking combination distance of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system;

determining a plurality of observation modes of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system according to the offset uniformity;

performing stack response analysis on the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system in each observation mode to obtain stack response corresponding to each observation mode;

and determining the optimal observation mode of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system from the multiple observation modes according to the superposition response corresponding to each observation mode.

The embodiment of the invention provides an observation mode determining device of a two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system, which is used for designing the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system, has low cost and high precision, and comprises the following components:

the stacking combination interval determining module is used for determining the stacking combination interval of the stacking combination data of the common reflection points according to the interference wave wavelength of the seismic exploration area, wherein the stacking combination data of the common reflection points are stacking signals of seismic reflection signals of a plurality of common reflection points;

the offset distance uniformity determining module is used for determining the offset distance uniformity according to the offset distance of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system and the stacking combination distance;

the multiple observation mode obtaining module is used for determining multiple observation modes of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system according to the offset uniformity;

the stack response analysis module is used for performing stack response analysis on the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system in each observation mode to obtain a stack response corresponding to each observation mode;

and the optimal observation mode determining module is used for determining the optimal observation mode of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system from a plurality of observation modes according to the superposition response corresponding to each observation mode.

The embodiment of the invention also provides computer equipment which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program which is stored on the memory and can be run on the processor, wherein the processor realizes the observation mode determination method of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system when executing the computer program.

The embodiment of the invention also provides a computer readable storage medium, and the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing the observation mode determination method of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system.

In the embodiment of the invention, the superposition combination interval of the superposition combination data of the common reflection points is determined according to the interference wave wavelength of the seismic exploration area, and the superposition combination data of the common reflection points are superposition signals of seismic reflection signals of a plurality of common reflection points; determining the offset uniformity according to the offset and the stacking combination distance of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system; determining a plurality of observation modes of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system according to the offset uniformity; performing stack response analysis on the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system in each observation mode to obtain stack response corresponding to each observation mode; and determining the optimal observation mode of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system from the multiple observation modes according to the superposition response corresponding to each observation mode. In the process, the superposition combination distance of the superposition combination data of the common reflection point and the offset distance of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system are considered when determining the offset uniformity, and the offset uniformity determined by adopting the method is more accurate; therefore, various observation modes of the accurate two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system can be determined, then the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system under each observation mode is subjected to stack response analysis, the final observation mode is determined according to the stack response, and the accuracy of the optimal observation mode determined by considering the stack response is very high.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for determining an observation mode of a two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional 2R3S observation system in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional 2R2S observation system in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an offset distribution feature in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a parallel observation mode of the 2R3S observation system in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a monoclinic parallel observation mode of a 2R3S observation system in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a barrier type observation mode of the 2R3S observation system in the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a shot point and demodulator probe position difference and mirror image type observation mode of a 2R3S observation system in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a shot point and geophone point position difference, fence-type observation mode 1 of a 2R3S observation system in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a shot and geophone position difference, fence-type observation mode 2 of a 2R3S observation system in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a barrier type observation mode 3 of the 2R3S observation system in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of shot point, geophone point differential, and monoclinic parallel observation modes of a 2R3S observation system in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a shot point and geophone point position difference and cross observation mode of a 2R3S observation system in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 14-22 are histograms of offset distributions corresponding to FIGS. 5-13, respectively;

FIGS. 23-31 are corresponding relationships between the offset distribution characteristics and the overlay response of the 2R3S observation system in the observation mode corresponding to FIGS. 5-13, respectively;

FIG. 32 is a schematic diagram of a parallel observation mode of the 2R2S observation system in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 33 is a diagram illustrating a barrier type observation mode of the 2R2S observation system in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 34 is a schematic diagram of a cross-type observation mode of the 2R2S observation system in the example of the invention;

FIG. 35 is a schematic diagram of a trapezoidal observation mode of the 2R2S observation system in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 36 is a schematic diagram of a monoclinic parallel observation mode of a 2R2S observation system in an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 37 is a schematic diagram of a shot point and geophone point position difference and monoclinic parallel observation mode of a 2R2S observation system in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram of a shot point and geophone point position difference and barrier type observation mode of a 2R2S observation system in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 39 is a schematic diagram of a difference and ladder-type observation mode of the position of the detection point of the 2R2S observation system in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 40 is a schematic diagram of shot and geophone differential and cross observation modes of a 2R2S observation system in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 41 is a schematic diagram of a single-point excitation-W type observation mode of the 2R2S observation system in the example of the present invention;

FIG. 42 is a schematic diagram of a W-type observation mode, which is a difference between the positions of a shot point and a wave detection point, of a 2R2S observation system in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 43-53 are graphs showing the relationship between the offset distribution characteristics and the overlay response of the 2R2S observation system in the observation mode corresponding to FIGS. 32-42, respectively;

FIG. 54 is a schematic view of an observation mode determining apparatus of a two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 55 is a diagram of a computer device in an embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

In the description of the present specification, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are used in an open-ended fashion, i.e., to mean including, but not limited to. Reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "a particular embodiment," "some embodiments," "for example," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. The sequence of steps involved in the embodiments is for illustrative purposes to illustrate the implementation of the present application, and the sequence of steps is not limited and can be adjusted as needed.

The inventors have discovered that seismic data acquired by existing seismic observation system designs are reflected in bin (CMP) attributes, including azimuth (direction), coverage (fold), and offset (offset). Different earthquake observation systems and observation modes have different attribute characteristics of the acquired earthquake data, the design of the observation system in the prior art is emphasized to meet the requirement of the coverage times and the comparative analysis of the coverage times on the earthquake section, the distribution of the offset distance and the influence on the earthquake section are ignored, and the azimuth angle, the coverage times and the offset data are mutually linked and the coverage times data cannot be independently analyzed. According to the analysis of the covering times and the overlapping response, the signal-to-noise ratio improved by the overlapping technology is in direct proportion to the square of the covering times, and under the condition of certain covering times, the overlapping response of interference wave suppression is related to the offset distribution characteristics, including the uniformity of the offset distribution. If the design covering times are 480 times, but offset distance repetition with different sizes exists, the actual effective covering times are only 240 times, and the noise suppression characteristics of the design covering times are the same as those of 480 times of offset distance repetition. For seismic acquisition, acquisition costs of 240 coverage times and 480 coverage times are different, the acquisition cost of 480 coverage times is only the superposition effect of 240 coverage times actually, and the superposition effect is equivalent to repeated blasting excitation of one position, so that the coverage times are increased, but the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data is not improved. Based on the above, the embodiment of the invention provides an observation mode determining method for a two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system.

Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an observation mode determining method of a two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system in an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the method includes:

step 101, determining the stacking combination interval of the stacking combination data of the common reflection points according to the interference wave wavelength of the seismic exploration area, wherein the stacking combination data of the common reflection points are stacking signals of seismic reflection signals of a plurality of common reflection points;

102, determining the offset uniformity according to the offset and the stacking combination distance of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system;

103, determining a plurality of observation modes of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system according to the offset uniformity;

104, performing stack response analysis on the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system in each observation mode to obtain stack response corresponding to each observation mode;

and 105, determining the optimal observation mode of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system from multiple observation modes according to the superposition response corresponding to each observation mode.

In the embodiment of the invention, the superposition combination distance of the superposition combination data of the common reflection point and the offset of the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system are considered when determining the offset uniformity, and the offset uniformity determined by adopting the method is more accurate; therefore, various observation modes of the accurate two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system can be determined, then the two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system under each observation mode is subjected to stack response analysis, the final observation mode is determined according to the stack response, and the accuracy of the optimal observation mode determined by considering the stack response is very high.