阅读说明：本技术 一种核设施事故环境条件下使用的吸氢材料 (Hydrogen absorption material used under nuclear facility accident environmental condition ) 是由 刘鑫 陈晓 郑琪 胡川 路璐 廖亮 汤智超 于 2020-04-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种核设施事故环境条件下使用的吸氢材料,所述吸氢材料由钯铂铜合金膜包覆的锆钒铁合金构成,其中,钯铂铜合金膜的成分为：钯质量分数50～90％、铂质量分数5～25％、铜质量分数5～25％；锆钒铁合金的成分为：锆质量分数60～73％,钒质量分数22～35％,铁质量分数5～18％。本发明的吸氢材料同时具备吸氢和消氢的功能。吸氢材料可显著降低安全壳内氢气风险,提高安全性。(The invention discloses a hydrogen absorption material used under the condition of nuclear facility accident environment, which is composed of zirconium-vanadium-iron alloy coated by a palladium-platinum-copper alloy film, wherein the palladium-platinum-copper alloy film comprises the following components: 50-90% of palladium, 5-25% of platinum and 5-25% of copper; the zirconium vanadium iron alloy comprises the following components: 60-73% of zirconium, 22-35% of vanadium and 5-18% of iron. The hydrogen absorption material of the invention has the functions of hydrogen absorption and hydrogen elimination. The hydrogen absorption material can obviously reduce the risk of hydrogen in the containment vessel and improve the safety.)

1. A hydrogen absorption material used under the accident environmental condition of nuclear facilities is characterized in that the hydrogen absorption material comprises zirconium vanadium iron alloy and a palladium platinum copper alloy film covered on the surface; the zirconium vanadium iron alloy comprises the following components: 60-73% of zirconium, 22-35% of vanadium and 5-18% of iron; the palladium-platinum-copper alloy membrane comprises the following components: 50-90% of palladium, 5-25% of platinum and 5-25% of copper.

2. A hydrogen absorbing material for use in nuclear plant accident environmental conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the operating temperature of the hydrogen absorbing material is in the range of 0 to 600 ℃ and the operating pressure is in the range of 0 to 5 MPa.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of hydrogen control of a nuclear facility containment, in particular to the field of hydrogen absorption materials of the nuclear facility containment.

Background

Under the condition of a serious accident of a nuclear power plant, a reactor core cooling device is seriously damaged, the reactor core generates a large amount of waste heat, and the zirconium cladding of a nuclear fuel element is continuously heated and reacts with water, so that hydrogen is generated and enters a containment vessel to be mixed with air, when the hydrogen reaches a certain concentration, even if the energy of an external ignition source is weak, ignited combustible mixed gas can gradually develop deflagration and even detonation from slow laminar diffusion combustion, the pressure load can reach several times or even tens of times of the initial pressure, the integrity of the containment vessel can be directly threatened, and serious potential safety hazards are brought to a reactor factory and even the whole nuclear power plant. Therefore, the hydrogen content in the containment vessel must be tightly controlled in a reliable manner to eliminate safety threats.

The traditional containment hydrogen control mode has two modes of hydrogen elimination and atmosphere inerting: 1) the hydrogen elimination is realized by utilizing a hydrogen elimination device through combustion or hydrogen-oxygen catalytic compounding, and the typical hydrogen elimination device comprises: for example, the combustion mode is provided with a hydrogen igniter, and the catalytic compounding mode is provided with a passive hydrogen recombiner; 2) the atmosphere inerting is to eliminate or reduce oxygen in the atmosphere in the containment vessel to a certain concentration through pretreatment, and even if a large amount of hydrogen is released after an accident, the hydrogen cannot be combusted. Because the space of small nuclear facilities such as ships and the offshore floating platform is very small, the adoption of a hydrogen elimination mode or an inerting mode in the nuclear facilities has great difficulty, such as: the passive hydrogen recombiner needs a relatively spacious air circulation area to form a chimney effect, and if a hydrogen igniter is used for hydrogen elimination, flame impact, pressure impact and high temperature can be generated, so that great influence is caused on surrounding equipment; if the inerting mode needs a complex set of inerting processing system, air replacement system, oxygen elimination equipment and the like, the space requirement and power supply of the related equipment can add a small burden to the small nuclear facility. Therefore, there is a need to develop a new treatment to address the control and elimination of the risk of hydrogen after an accident in a compact space.

The hydrogen storage (hydrogen absorption or storage) technology is a mature technology in the hydrogen energy utilization industry, and the hydrogen storage material has the characteristics of high hydrogen storage density, high hydrogen absorption and release speed, controllable operation conditions, long service life and the like, is widely applied to the fields related to hydrogen efficient storage and hydrogen fuel cells, but has no mature application in the nuclear field. The hydrogen absorbing material has the characteristics of high hydrogen absorbing rate and large hydrogen absorbing capacity, can quickly reduce the hydrogen concentration in a special environment after a nuclear facility accident, and has the characteristics of small volume, convenient storage, easy operation and the like. In order to ensure the excellent hydrogen absorption performance of the hydrogen storage material in a complex environment atmosphere, the surface of the material is coated with a palladium alloy film. The palladium alloy membrane can not only isolate the influence of water, oxygen and other complex atmospheres on the hydrogen absorption material, but also can be used as a hydrogen-oxygen reaction catalyst, so that the hydrogen absorption material has the functions of hydrogen absorption and hydrogen elimination. The hydrogen absorption material can obviously reduce the risk of hydrogen in the containment vessel and improve the safety.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a hydrogen absorption material used under the accident environmental condition of nuclear facilities, which is composed of zirconium-vanadium-iron alloy coated by a palladium-platinum-copper alloy film, is used for a hydrogen control system of a containment vessel of the nuclear facilities, has the functions of hydrogen absorption and dehydrogenation, and can effectively control and eliminate the risk of the hydrogen of the nuclear facilities.

The invention discloses a hydrogen absorption material used under the accident environmental condition of nuclear facilities, which comprises the following specific components: the hydrogen absorption material comprises zirconium-vanadium-iron alloy and a palladium-platinum-copper alloy film covered on the surface of the zirconium-vanadium-iron alloy; the zirconium vanadium iron alloy comprises the following components: 60-73% by mass of zirconium (the numerical range is confirmed by the inventor), 22-35% by mass of vanadium and 5-18% by mass of iron; the palladium-platinum-copper alloy membrane comprises the following components: 50-90% of palladium, 5-25% of platinum and 5-25% of copper.

Preferably, the working temperature range of the hydrogen absorption material is 0-600 ℃, and the working pressure range is 0-5 MPa.

The invention has the advantages that: the zirconium vanadium iron alloy has excellent hydrogen absorption performance, large hydrogen absorption amount, wide hydrogen absorption working temperature and working pressure range, and can be protected from adverse effects of complex environmental atmosphere after nuclear facility accidents by coating the palladium platinum copper alloy film on the surface. The palladium-platinum-copper alloy film not only does not influence the hydrogen absorption performance of the zirconium-vanadium-iron alloy, but also has catalytic action on the hydrogen-oxygen reaction and can be used as a catalyst for the hydrogen elimination reaction. The hydrogen absorption material disclosed by the invention has excellent hydrogen absorption performance, has the functions of hydrogen absorption and hydrogen elimination, can be applied to a hydrogen control system of a nuclear facility containment vessel, and can effectively control and eliminate the risk of the nuclear facility hydrogen.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments in order to make the above objects, features and advantages more apparent and understandable.

Example 1

Smelting by adopting a vacuum arc furnace according to the proportion that the mass fractions of zirconium, vanadium and iron are respectively 60%, 22% and 18% to obtain zirconium-vanadium-iron alloy, and then coating a palladium-platinum-copper alloy film on the surface of the alloy, wherein the mass fractions of palladium, platinum and copper are respectively 50%, 25% and 25%.

The hydrogen absorption performance of the zirconium-vanadium-iron alloy hydrogen absorption material coated with the palladium-platinum-copper alloy film is tested under the mixed atmosphere of air and hydrogen (the volume fraction of the hydrogen is 15%), the working temperature is 30 ℃, and the gas pressure is 0.15 MPa. The test results show that the saturated hydrogen absorption amount of the hydrogen absorption material is 1.5 wt%, and the hydrogen absorption can be saturated in 10 min.

Example 2

Smelting by adopting a vacuum arc furnace according to the proportion that the mass fractions of zirconium, vanadium and iron are respectively 60%, 35% and 5% to obtain zirconium-vanadium-iron alloy, and then coating a palladium-platinum-copper alloy film on the surface of the alloy, wherein the mass fractions of palladium, platinum and copper are respectively 70%, 5% and 25%.

The hydrogen absorption performance of the zirconium-vanadium-iron alloy hydrogen absorption material coated with the palladium-platinum-copper alloy film is tested under the mixed atmosphere of air and hydrogen (the volume fraction of the hydrogen is 10%), the working temperature is 100 ℃, and the gas pressure is 1 MPa. The test results show that the saturated hydrogen absorption amount of the hydrogen absorption material is 1.5 wt%, and the hydrogen absorption can be saturated in 10 min.

Example 3

Smelting in a vacuum arc furnace according to the mass fractions of 68%, 27% and 5% of zirconium, vanadium and iron to obtain zirconium-vanadium-iron alloy, and then coating a palladium-platinum-copper alloy film on the surface of the alloy, wherein the mass fractions of palladium, platinum and copper are respectively 90%, 5% and 5%.

The hydrogen absorption performance of the zirconium-vanadium-iron alloy hydrogen absorption material coated with the palladium-platinum-copper alloy film is tested under the mixed atmosphere of air and hydrogen (the volume fraction of the hydrogen is 5%), the working temperature is 300 ℃, and the gas pressure is 2 MPa. The test results show that the saturated hydrogen absorption amount of the hydrogen absorption material is 1.5 wt%, and the hydrogen absorption can be saturated in 10 min.

The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.