阅读说明：本技术 静电喷涂机 (Electrostatic spraying machine ) 是由 M.L.塞茨 于 2018-12-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：提供了一种喷涂系统的多种部件。该喷涂系统可具有使喷涂介质向目标物加速运动的喷涂模块以及向喷涂介质赋予静电荷的可控充电模块。通过可控充电模块可随着时间改变赋予喷涂介质的静电荷。通过这种方式,可控制飞行中和到达目标物的喷涂介质的特性。(Various components of a spray coating system are provided. The spray system may have a spray module that accelerates a spray medium toward a target object and a controllable charging module that imparts an electrostatic charge to the spray medium. The electrostatic charge imparted to the spray medium can be varied over time by a controllable charging module. In this way, the characteristics of the spray medium in flight and reaching the target object can be controlled.)

1. A spray coating system comprising:

a spray module configured to provide a spray medium and having a charging array; and

a controllable charging module configured to charge the charging array in accordance with the drive waveform to electrostatically charge the spray media,

wherein the controllable charging module selects the drive waveform to control at least one of an amount of charge and a polarity of charge of the spray medium.

2. The spray system of claim 1, further comprising:

a spray media source including a spray media reservoir in mechanical communication with and supported by the spray module as a separate unit.

3. The spray system of claim 1, further comprising:

a spray medium acceleration module that applies motion to the spray medium and ejects the spray medium from the spray module.

4. The spray system of claim 3, wherein the spray media acceleration module comprises at least one of a pump and a fan.

5. The spray system of claim 3, wherein the controllable charging module selects the drive waveform to electrostatically charge the spray medium at a first time to control at least one of a charge amount and a charge polarity of the spray medium at a second time after the first time, the second time including a moment when the spray medium is in contact with the target object.

6. The spray system of claim 5, further comprising:

a body sensing connection comprising an electrical connection of the spray module to a sensor of the controllable charging module,

wherein the sensor measures the potential of the spray module.

7. The spray system of claim 5, further comprising:

a media sensing connection comprising an electrical connection of spray media passing through the spray media acceleration module to a sensor of the controllable charging module,

wherein the sensor measures the potential of the spray medium.

8. The spray system of claim 7, further comprising:

a body sensing connection comprising an electrical connection of the spray module to a sensor of the controllable charging module,

wherein the sensor measures the potential of the spray module.

9. The spray system of claim 5, further comprising:

a media sensing connection comprising an electrical connection of spray media passing through the spray media acceleration module to a sensor of the controllable charging module; and

a body sensing connection comprising an electrical connection of the spray module to a sensor of the controllable charging module,

wherein the sensor measures a current flowing (a) into or (b) out of at least one of (i) the spray media connection and (ii) the body sensing connection; and is

Wherein the controller of the charging module determines the amount of electrostatic charge imparted to the spray media based on the current.

10. The spray coating system of claim 2 wherein the gas supply system,

wherein the charging array comprises an electrical conductor that provides at least a portion of a transport path for the spray media from the spray media source through the spray media acceleration module; and is

Wherein the charging array is connected to a driving means of a controllable charging module, the driving means of the controllable charging module being selectably configured to charge the charging array with a driving waveform.

11. The spray system of claim 10, further comprising:

a controller comprising a processor operable to store and retrieve data from the target profile database, the speed profile database and the flight path profile database, and operable to provide instructions to the drive arrangement in response to said data.

12. The spray coating system of claim 11 wherein,

wherein the target object profile database includes instructions to shape a drive waveform according to at least one of:

(i) the dielectric constant of the object is determined,

(ii) the static charge dissipation time constant of the target,

(iii) porosity of the target, and

(iv) moisture content of the target.

13. The spray coating system of claim 11 wherein said flight path database comprises instructions to shape a drive waveform according to at least one of:

(i) the time of flight of the spray medium between the spray module and the target,

(ii) the amount of charge of the target object,

(iii) the potential of the object is set to be,

(iv) the charge polarity of the target, and

(v) the charge dissipation rate of the target.

14. The spray coating system of claim 10 wherein the gas supply system,

wherein the drive waveform is shaped such that the spray medium has a desired electrostatic potential difference between the spray medium and the target object and a desired electrostatic polarity with respect to the target object when reaching the target object, whereby the spray medium is driven to adhere to the target object.

15. The spray coating system of claim 11 wherein,

the controllable charging module controls a driving waveform at a first time so that the electric charge amount of the spraying medium is within a first parameter at a second time corresponding to the moment when the spraying medium is in contact with the target object; and is

Wherein the first parameter comprises an amount of target charge determined by a controller in response to a sensor.

16. The spray system of claim 11, wherein the controllable charging module controls the charge polarity of the spray medium within the first parameter at a time when the spray medium is in contact with the target object.

17. A method of spray coating comprising:

providing a spray module configured to provide a spray medium and having a charging array; and is

Providing a controllable charging module configured to charge a charging array according to a drive waveform to electrostatically charge a spray media; and is

Selecting, by the controllable charging module, a drive waveform to control at least one of an amount of charge and a polarity of charge of the spray media.

18. The spray coating method of claim 17 wherein the controllable charging module selects the drive waveform to control at least one of an amount and polarity of charge of the spray medium at a time when the spray medium is in contact with the target object.

19. The spray coating method of claim 17, further comprising:

providing a spray medium acceleration module that imparts motion to the spray medium and ejects the spray medium from the spray module;

providing a media sensing connection comprising an electrical connection of spray media passing through the spray media acceleration module to a sensor of the controllable charging module; and is

Providing a body sensing connection comprising an electrical connection of the spray module to a sensor of the controllable charging module,

wherein the sensor measures a current flowing (a) into or (b) out of at least one of (i) the spray media connection and (ii) the body sensing connection, and

wherein the controller of the charging module determines the amount of electrostatic charge imparted to the spray media based on the current.

20. The spray coating method of claim 17, further comprising:

providing a spray media source comprising a spray media reservoir in mechanical communication with and supported by the spray module as a separate unit,

wherein the charging array comprises an electrical conductor that provides at least a portion of a transport path for the spray media from the spray media source through the spray media acceleration module; and is

Wherein the charging array is connected to a drive of a controllable charging module, the drive of the controllable charging module being selectably configured to charge the charging array with a drive waveform; and is

A controller is provided that includes a processor operable to store and retrieve data from the target profile database, the velocity profile database, and the flight path profile database, and operable to provide instructions to the drive arrangement in response to the data.

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to electrostatic applicators, and more particularly, to an electrostatic applicator having a controllable charging module.

Background

Electrostatic spray machines are used to provide a potential difference between charged particles and a target device. However, in many cases, electrostatic charges can accumulate on electrostatic applicators. Ground leads are typically connected to the electrostatic sprayer, the operator, or the operator's clothing to dissipate the accumulated charge. However, such spraying often needs to be done in a relatively mobile manner. Further, in many cases, electrostatic charges accumulate on the target surface of the sprayed particles. In many cases, this charge accumulation reduces the potential difference between the arriving charged particles and the target surface, thereby reducing the attraction and adhesion of the particles to the surface.

Disclosure of Invention

A spray coating system is provided. The spray system may include a spray module and a controllable charging module. The spray module may be configured to provide a spray medium and may have a charging array. The controllable charging module may be configured to charge the charging array according to the drive waveform to electrostatically charge the spray media. In various examples, the controllable charging module selects the drive waveform to control at least one of an amount of charge and a polarity of charge of the spray media.

The spray system may also have a source of spray media. The spray medium source may be a spray medium reservoir in mechanical communication with and supported by the spray module as a separate unit.

The spray system may have a spray media acceleration module. The spray media acceleration module may impart motion to the spray media and eject the spray media from the spray module. Furthermore, the spray medium acceleration module may be a pump. In other examples, the spray media acceleration module may be a fan. The spray media acceleration module may be at least one of a pump and a fan.

In various embodiments of the spray coating system, the controllable charging module selects a drive waveform that electrostatically charges the spray medium at a first time to control at least one of a charge amount and a charge polarity of the spray medium at a second time after the first time. The second time may be a time when the spray medium is in contact with the target object.

The spray system may include a body sensing connection. The body sensing connection may be an electrical connection of the spray module to a sensor of the controllable charging module. The sensor may measure the potential of the spray module.

The spray coating system may include a media sensing connection. The media sensing connection may be an electrical connection of the spray media passing through the spray media acceleration module to a sensor of the controllable charging module. The sensor may measure the potential of the spray medium.

The spray system may include a media sensing connection and a body sensing connection. The media sensing connection may be an electrical connection of the spray media passing through the spray media acceleration module to a sensor of the controllable charging module. The body sensing connection may be an electrical connection of the spray module to a sensor of the controllable charging module. The sensor can measure a current flowing (a) into or (b) out of at least one of (i) the spray media connection and (ii) the body sensing connection. The controller of the charging module may determine the amount of electrostatic charge imparted to the spray media based on the current.

The charging array of the spray coating system may include an electrical conductor. The electrical conductor may provide at least a portion of a transport path for spray media from the spray media source through the spray media acceleration module. The charging array may be connected to a driving device of a controllable charging module, which is optionally configured to charge the charging array with a driving waveform.

The spray coating system may have a controller. The controller may be a processor operable to store and retrieve data from the target profile database, the speed profile database and the flight path profile database, and operable to provide instructions to the drive arrangement in response to the data. The target profile database may include instructions to shape the drive waveform according to at least one of (i) a dielectric constant of the target, (ii) a static charge dissipation time constant of the target, (iii) a porosity of the target, and (iv) a water content of the target. The flight path database may include instructions to shape the drive waveform according to at least one of (i) a time of flight of the spray medium between the spray module and the target, (ii) a charge amount of the target, (iii) a potential of the target, (iv) a charge polarity of the target, and (v) a charge dissipation rate of the target.

In various examples of spray coating systems, the drive waveform is shaped such that the spray media, when reaching the target object, has a desired electrostatic potential difference between the spray media and the target object and a desired electrostatic polarity relative to the target object. In this way, the spray medium is driven to adhere to the target object.

In various examples of the spray coating system, the controllable charging module controls the drive waveform at the first time such that an amount of charge of the spray medium is within the first parameter at a second time corresponding to a moment of contact of the spray medium with the target object. The first parameter may be an amount of target charge determined by the controller in response to the sensor. In addition, the controllable charging module may control the charge polarity of the spray medium within the first parameter at a moment when the spray medium is in contact with the target object.

The invention provides a spraying method. The method may include providing a spray module configured to provide a spray medium and having a charging array. The method may also include providing a controllable charging module configured to charge a charging array in accordance with the drive waveform to electrostatically charge the spray media. Further, the method may include selecting, by the controllable charging module, the drive waveform to control at least one of an amount of charge and a polarity of charge of the spray medium. In various embodiments of the method, the controllable charging module selects the drive waveform to control at least one of a charge amount and a charge polarity of the spray medium at a time when the spray medium is in contact with the target object.

Additionally, the method may further include providing a spray media acceleration module to impart motion to the spray media and eject the spray media from the spray module. The method may include providing a media sensing connection including an electrical connection of spray media passing through the spray media acceleration module to a sensor of the controllable charging module. A body sensing connection may also be provided, including an electrical connection of the spray module to the sensor of the controllable charging module. In various examples, the sensor measures a current flowing (a) into or (b) out of at least one of (i) the spray media connection and (ii) the body sensing connection. The controller of the charging module determines an amount of electrostatic charge imparted to the spray media based on the current.

The method may include other features. For example, the method may include providing a source of spray media. The spray media source may include a spray media reservoir in mechanical communication with and supported by the spray module as a separate unit. The charging array may include an electrical conductor that provides at least a portion of a transport path for the spray media from the spray media source through the spray media acceleration module. The charging array may be connected to a driving device of a controllable charging module, which is optionally configured to charge the charging array with a driving waveform. Finally, the controller may include a processor operable to store and retrieve data from the target profile database, the speed profile database, and the flight path profile database, and operable to provide instructions to the drive arrangement in response to the data.

Drawings

The subject matter regarded as the disclosure is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification. A more complete understanding of the present disclosure, however, may be derived by referring to the detailed description and claims when considered in conjunction with the following figures, wherein like reference numbers refer to similar elements throughout the figures.

FIG. 1 illustrates various embodiments of a spray coating system coupled to a spray medium flying along a flight path and coupled to a target having accumulated spray medium;

FIG. 2A illustrates a neutral drive waveform for a spray coating system of various embodiments;

FIG. 2B illustrates a positive cumulative corrective drive waveform for a spray coating system of various embodiments;

FIG. 2C illustrates a negative accumulation correction drive waveform for a spray coating system of various embodiments;

FIG. 3A illustrates one exemplary embodiment of a spray coating system including a handheld applicator of various embodiments; and

fig. 3B illustrates one exemplary embodiment of a spray coating system including a remote applicator, in accordance with various embodiments.

Detailed Description

Exemplary embodiments are described in detail herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show the exemplary embodiments and the best mode thereof in a schematic manner. Although these exemplary embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, it is to be understood that other embodiments may be realized and that logical, chemical and mechanical changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the detailed description set forth herein is presented for purposes of illustration only and is not intended to be limiting. For example, the steps recited in any method or process descriptions may be performed in any order and are not necessarily limited to the order presented.

Various features disclosed herein can be implemented in combination to create electrostatic spray systems, methods, and devices. Generally, electrostatic charging of a substance creates an imbalance of electrons on the charged substance by increasing or decreasing the electrons in the substance, thereby charging the substance. In many instances, electrostatic charge is accumulated by the physical movement of charged ions from one location to another. An ion is a charged atom or group of atoms associated with the loss or gain of one or more electrons. The ions may be negatively charged so as to have one or more additional electrons; or may be positively charged so as to lack one or more electrons.

In various examples, a device may be implemented to eject an electrostatically charged substance toward a target object such that the electrostatically charged substance is attracted to and/or adheres to the target object. The electrostatic charging device provides a potential difference between the charged species and the target object. In various examples, the electrostatic charging device emits a charged species of one polarity, producing a positively or negatively charged species. During charging of a substance, electrons are added to or removed from the substance such that corresponding conjugated charges are accumulated on the electrostatic charging device.

As described herein, in various embodiments, the electrostatic charging device may include a controlled bipolar discharge of the substance, meaning that the substance may be alternately positively and negatively charged, depending on the desired drive waveform. The shape of the waveform may be selected based on the distance between the electrostatic charging device and the target, the speed at which the electrostatically charged substance flies toward the target, the voltage and current characteristics of the electrostatic charging device, and the measured behavior of the target and the electrostatic charging device. Further, the charging waveform may include a series of positive, negative, or positive and negative charging pulses relative to a reference value, the frequency, pulse width, spacing, and other characteristics of which may be selected to enhance the potential difference of the emitted charged species and the target at the time the emitted charged species and the target come into contact.

For example, the target may exhibit an accumulated charge, which may be polar, and may dissipate or increase over time. Thus, varying the charging waveform can enhance the ability to maintain a desired potential difference between the target object and a unit quantity of charged spray media arriving at the target object.

In addition, the above-described features of the charging waveform may be selected to reduce the accumulation of charge on the electrostatic sprayer and/or its operator, such as by balancing the accumulation of positive and negative charge over time. Thus, it can be said that the electrostatic charging system can be configured to enhance the accumulation/adherence of spray media on a target and further mitigate the ion imbalance of the electrostatic sprayer.

Referring to fig. 1, the spray system 2 is shown in connection with an in-flight spray medium 36 moving along the flight path 8, and with the target 10 having accumulated spray medium 38. The spray system 2 may include a spray module 4 configured to accelerate the spray media toward the target object 10 and a controllable charging module 6 configured to impart an electrostatic charge to the in-flight spray media 36. In this manner, electrostatically charged spray media may contact target 10 and accumulate thereon as accumulated spray media 38.

The spray module 4 may include a plurality of features configured to eject spray media from the spray system 2 and to interoperate with the controllable charging module 6 to impart an electrostatic charge thereon. For example, the spray module 4 may include a spray medium source 12. The spray medium source 12 may comprise a spray medium reservoir for acceleration by other features of the spray module 4, such as the spray medium acceleration module 14. In various embodiments, the spray media source 12 may include a reservoir in mechanical communication with the spray module 4 and supported by the spray module 4 as a separate unit. In other embodiments, the spray media source 12 may include a remotely located reservoir connected to the spray module 4. For example, remotely located reservoirs may be provided that are connected by a path (e.g., a conduit, pipe, or any other mechanism) whereby spray media may be delivered from a storage location to a feature of the spray module 4 (e.g., the spray media acceleration module 14).

In various embodiments, the spray module 4 may include a spray media acceleration module 14. The spray media acceleration module 14 may include features configured to impart motion to the spray media to eject it from the spray module 4 as in-flight spray media 36. In various examples, the spray media acceleration module 14 may include a fan, a pump, a piston, a rotating cage, an impeller, and/or any other translational or rotational velocity imparting device.

The spray module 4 may include a body sensing connection 20. The body sensing connection 20 may include a conductive feature in electrical communication with the spray module 4 and configured to electrically connect the spray module 4 to a feature (e.g., sensor 30) of the controllable charging module 6. In this way, the potential of certain features of the spray module 4 can be monitored. For example, the spray module 4 may include a handheld device configured to accelerate the spray media toward the target object 10 at the direction of a user holding the spray module 4. The body sensing connection 20 can detect the electrical potential of the handheld device.

In addition, the spray media acceleration module 14 described above may also include a media sensing connection 16. The media sensing connection 16 may include a conductive feature in electrical communication with the spray media acceleration module 14 and/or at least temporarily in electrical communication with the spray media passing through the spray media acceleration module 14 and/or the spray media traveling from the spray media acceleration module 14 to the flight path 8 before or while the spray media becomes in-flight spray media 36. The media sensing connection 16 may be configured to electrically connect the spray media and/or the spray media acceleration module 14 to a feature (e.g., the sensor 30) of the controllable charging module 6. In this way, the potential of the spray medium and/or characteristic portions of the spray medium acceleration module 14 can be monitored. For example, the potential difference between the body sensing connection 20 and the media sensing connection 16 may be measured, and/or the current flowing into or out of the body sensing connection 20 and/or the media sensing connection 16 may be measured to determine the amount of electrostatic charge imparted to the spray media (e.g., the in-flight spray media 36).

Finally, the spray module 4 may include a charging array 18. The charging array 18 includes conductive features that are in electrical communication with the spray media acceleration module 14 and/or at least temporarily in electrical communication with the spray media passing through the spray media acceleration module 14 and/or the spray media traveling from the spray media acceleration module 14 to the flight path 8 before or while the spray media becomes in-flight spray media 36. The charging array 18 may include features of the nozzles of the spray module 4 or other portions of the spray media path that transport spray media from the spray media source 12 through the spray media acceleration module 14 and/or before or while the spray media becomes in-flight spray media 36.

After discussing the spray module 4 and the controllable charging module 6, further features of the controllable charging module 6 will now be described in detail. In various embodiments, the controllable charging module 6 comprises a driving device 24. The drive arrangement 24 includes electronic circuitry configured to selectively charge the charging array 18 of the spray module 4 with the drive waveform 22 via the charging connection path 21. The drive device 24 generates a current and/or voltage having a drive waveform 22 selected by the controller 28. In this manner, the spray media passing from the spray media source 12 through the features of the spray module 4 may become electrostatically charged. Furthermore, the charging connection path 21 may include, in many instances, a circuit board trace or local wiring, or a connection located within a shared housing of the spray system 2 that contains the spray module 4 and the controllable charging module 6. In other examples, the charging connection path 21 may comprise a wire or cable, whereby the controllable charging module 6 may be arranged at a location remote from the spray module 4 (e.g. carried in a bag), while the spray module 4 is hand-held, or not carried by an operator but installed as a fixture at a location (e.g. a spray booth or product manufacturing facility, etc.).

As mentioned above, the controllable charging module 6 may comprise a controller 28. Controller 28 may include a processor operable to receive instructions, such as instructions from interface 26 and/or sensors 30. The processor is operable to store and retrieve data, such as data from a target profile database 32, a speed profile database 33, and a flight path profile database 34. The processor is operable to provide instructions, for example to the drive means 24. In various embodiments, features of the example controller 28, the example sensor 30, and/or the example drive device 24 may be integrated into a combination kit. For example, a bipolar hvdc-dc converter with an active switching output may be provided. In various embodiments, a CHV0028 bipolar hvdc-dc converter with active switching output, available from HVM Technology, inc.

The controllable charging module 6 may comprise a sensor 30. The sensor 30 may include a device configured to measure current and/or voltage. In various examples, the sensor 30 may compare the potential difference measured between the media sensing connection 16 and the body sensing connection 20 of the spray module 4. In other examples, the sensor 30 may compare the potential difference between the media sensing connection 16 and the reference value and/or between the body sensing connection 20 and the reference value. In other examples, the sensor 30 may measure the current flowing through the media sensing connection 16 and/or the body sensing connection 20.

The sensor 30 may also include a media sensing connection signal path 17 that includes circuit board traces or local wiring, or connections located within a shared housing of the spray system 2 that contains the spray module 4 and the controllable charging module 6. In other examples, the media sensing connection signal path 17 may comprise a wire or cable, whereby the controllable charging module 6 may be disposed at a location remote from the spray module 4 (e.g., carried in a bag), while the spray module 4 is hand-held, or not carried by an operator but installed as a fixture at a location (e.g., a spray booth or product manufacturing facility, etc.).

The sensor 30 may also include a body sensing connection signal path 19 that includes circuit board traces or local wiring, or connections located within a shared housing of the spray system 2 that contains the spray module 4 and the controllable charging module 6. In other examples, the body sensing connection signal path 19 may include a wire or cable, whereby the controllable charging module 6 may be disposed at a location remote from the spray module 4 (e.g., carried in a bag), while the spray module 4 is hand-held, or not carried by an operator but installed as a stationary device at a location (e.g., a spray booth or product manufacturing facility, etc.).

The controllable charging module 6 may comprise an interface 26. The interface 26 may include a user interface so that an operator may control the spray coating system 2, for example, to change the characteristics of the drive waveform 22. The interface 26 may also include a machine interface so that electronics (e.g., components of a production line of a factory) may alter the characteristics of the drive waveform 22.

Finally, the controllable charging module 6 may comprise one or more databases. For example, in various embodiments, controllable charging module 6 includes an object profile database 32, a speed profile database 33, and a flight path profile database 34. Although these databases are described herein as separate databases, each database may include logical portions of the same database, such as different fields of a single database. In various examples, controller 28 instructs drive device 24 to generate drive waveform 22, which drive waveform 22 has certain characteristics selected in response to data retrieved from at least one of target profile database 32, velocity profile database 33, and flight path profile database 34.

In various examples, the target profile database 32 includes instructions related to the shape of the target 10 and the drive waveform 22 to optimize the in-flight spray media 36 to be an accumulated spray media 38 on the target 10, the accumulated spray media 38 having known characteristics, such as electrical characteristics (e.g., dielectric constant and/or time constant associated with static charge dissipation), mechanical characteristics (e.g., porosity, moisture content, and/or material composition), or environmental characteristics (e.g., desired saturation of the accumulated spray media 38, etc.).

In various examples, the flight path profile database 34 may include instructions related to the properties of the flight path 8 (e.g., flight path distance 40 and shape of the drive waveform 22) to optimize the in-flight spray media 36 as accumulated spray media 38 on the target 10 spaced from the spray module 4 by the flight path 8. For example, the flight path distance 40 may affect the time of flight of the in-flight spray medium 36, thereby affecting the electrostatic charge of the target 10, such as the amount of charge, potential, polarity of charge, rate of charge dissipation, and the like.

Similarly, the velocity profile database 33 may include instructions relating to the properties of the in-flight spray media 36 (e.g., the velocity and/or acceleration of the media exiting the spray module 4, and/or the distance 40 of the flight path traversed, and/or the arrival at the target 10 as accumulated spray media 38) and the shape of the drive waveform 22 to optimize the in-flight spray media 36 to become accumulated spray media 38 on the target 10. For example, the velocity and/or acceleration of the media at different delivery points may affect the time of flight of the in-flight spray media 36 and the dispersion of the in-flight spray media 36, which may affect characteristics of the electrostatic charge of the target 10, such as the amount of charge, potential, polarity of charge, rate of charge dissipation, and the like.

With continuing reference to fig. 1 and with concurrent reference to fig. 2A, 2B and 2C, a variety of drive waveforms 22 having a variety of characteristics are disclosed. As described above, the drive waveform 22 may be selected to provide a desired electrostatic potential and polarity of the in-flight spray media 36 upon reaching the target object 10 to optimize the characteristics of the initially accumulated spray media 38 according to the characteristics of the target object 10 and/or the characteristics of the spray system 2.

For example, it may be desirable to periodically change the polarity of the charging array 18 so that the in-flight spray media 36 has different polarities at different times to mitigate conjugate charge buildup on the features of the spray coating system 2. However, since the opposite charges attract and the like charges repel, it must also be ensured that a sufficient potential difference is maintained between the target object 10 with accumulated spray media 38 and the in-flight spray media 36 at the point in time when the spray media reaches the target object 10. Thus, characteristics of the flight path distance 40, the target profile data in the target profile database 32, the velocity of the spray medium being transported, and the like are important to control the drive waveform 22 of the charging array 18.

The drive waveform 22 may include a sine or triangle wave, a sawtooth wave, a square wave, and/or combinations thereof. The drive waveform 22 may be amplitude modulated, frequency modulated, Pulse Width Modulated (PWM), and/or any combination thereof. It should be understood that the drive waveform 22 may include any arbitrary waveform as desired.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2A, a variety of such drive waveforms 22 may include a neutral drive waveform 23. The neutral drive waveform 23 may have a positive peak width 201, a negative peak width 202, and delay times, such as a first delay time 200-1 and a second delay time 200-2, the magnitude, duration, and sequence of which are selected to ensure a desired potential difference between the target object 10 with accumulated spray media 38 and the in-flight spray media 36 reaching the target object 10. In various examples, positive peak width 201 includes a width in the time domain of a positive-going peak of an approximate square wave, and negative peak width 202 may include a width in the time domain of a negative-going peak of an approximate square wave. In various examples, one or more delay times 200 (e.g., a first delay time 200-1 and a second delay time 200-2) can separate the positive and/or negative going peaks from the conjugate peak to provide a square wave duty cycle of less than 100%. The delay times 200 (e.g., the first delay time 200-1 and the second delay time 200-2) may provide idle time between the positive peak width 201 and the negative peak width 202, where the positive peak width 201 and the negative peak width 202 have equal widths to produce equal amounts of positively and negatively charged in-flight spray media 36 over time.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2B, a plurality of such drive waveforms 22 may include a positive accumulation corrected drive waveform 25. For example, in response to a determination by controller 28 that an undesirable accumulation of excess positive charge is forming on target 10 based on sensor 30 and/or target profile database 32, velocity profile database 33, and/or flight path profile database 34, controller 28 may instruct drive device 24 to generate drive waveform 22 including positive accumulation corrected drive waveform 25. The positive accumulation corrected drive waveform 25 may include a positive peak width 201, a negative peak width 202, and delay times, such as a first delay time 200-1 and a second delay time 200-2, the magnitude, duration, and sequence of which are selected to ensure a desired potential difference between the target object 10 with accumulated spray media 38 and the in-flight spray media 36 reaching the target object 10. In various examples, positive peak width 201 includes a width in the time domain of a positive-going peak of an approximate square wave, and negative peak width 202 may include a width in the time domain of a negative-going peak of an approximate square wave. In various examples, one or more delay times 200 (e.g., a first delay time 200-1 and a second delay time 200-2) can separate the positive and/or negative going peaks from the conjugate peak to provide a square wave duty cycle of less than 100%. The delay time 200 (e.g., the first delay time 200-1 and the second delay time 200-2) may provide a free time between the positive peak width 201 and the negative peak width 202, wherein the size of the positive peak width 201 decreases relative to the size of the neutral drive waveform 23 and/or the size of the negative peak width 202 increases relative to the size of the neutral drive waveform 23 to produce a greater amount of negatively charged in-flight spray media 36 than positively charged in-flight spray media 36 over time.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2C, a plurality of such drive waveforms 22 may include a negative accumulation correction drive waveform 27. For example, in response to a determination by controller 28 that an undesirable accumulation of excess negative charge is being formed on target 10 based on sensor 30 and/or target profile database 32, velocity profile database 33, and/or flight path profile database 34, controller 28 may instruct drive device 24 to generate drive waveform 22 including negative cumulative corrected drive waveform 27. The negative accumulation corrected drive waveform 27 may include a positive peak width 201, a negative peak width 202, and delay times, such as a first delay time 200-1 and a second delay time 200-2, the magnitude, duration, and sequence of which are selected to ensure a desired potential difference between the target object 10 with accumulated spray media 38 and the in-flight spray media 36 reaching the target object 10. In various examples, positive peak width 201 includes a width in the time domain of a positive-going peak of an approximate square wave, and negative peak width 202 may include a width in the time domain of a negative-going peak of an approximate square wave. In various examples, one or more delay times 200 (e.g., a first delay time 200-1 and a second delay time 200-2) can separate the positive and/or negative going peaks from the conjugate peak to provide a square wave duty cycle of less than 100%. The delay time 200 (e.g., the first delay time 200-1 and the second delay time 200-2) may provide a free time between the positive peak width 201 and the negative peak width 202, wherein the size of the positive peak width 201 increases relative to the size of the neutral drive waveform 23 and/or the size of the negative peak width 202 decreases relative to the size of the neutral drive waveform 23 to produce a greater amount of positively charged in-flight spray media 36 than negatively charged in-flight spray media 36 over time.

Thus, referring to fig. 1, 2A, 2B, and 2C, the spray system 2 may include a spray module 4, the spray module 4 configured to provide a spray medium (e.g., an in-flight spray medium 36), and having a charging array 18. The spray system 2 may also include a controllable charging module 6 configured to charge the charging array 18 in accordance with the drive waveform 22 to electrostatically charge the spray media (e.g., the in-flight spray media 36). In various examples, the controllable charging module 6 selects the drive waveform 22 to control at least one of the charge amount and the charge polarity of the spray media within the first parameter. The first parameter may be a target charge amount or a target charge polarity determined by the controller 28 in response to the sensors 30 and the target profile database 32, the velocity profile database 33, and the flight path profile database 34 and in accordance with instructions from the interface 26, to select the drive waveform 22 to achieve the first parameter. The first parameter may be a function of time and the value of the first parameter may also be path dependent.

While various embodiments of the spray coating system 2 that generate the various drive waveforms 22 are discussed above, attention is now directed to fig. 3A, with simultaneous attention to fig. 1 and 2A, 2B, and 2C. Fig. 3A illustrates one embodiment of the spray system 2, and one particular configuration of the spray media source 12, the charging array 18, the spray media acceleration module 14 with the media sensing connection 16, and the in-flight spray media 36. Similarly, fig. 3B illustrates one embodiment of the spray system 2, and one particular configuration of the spray media source 12, the charging array 18, the spray media acceleration module 14 with the media sensing connection 16, and the in-flight spray media 36.

Turning specifically to fig. 3A herein, one embodiment of the spray coating system 2 includes a handheld applicator 50, the handheld applicator 50 including a spray medium source 12 disposed on the handheld applicator 50. For example, such a spray media source 12 may include a media reservoir 52, a fan 54, and a pump 56. The media reservoir 52 may include a container that holds a quantity of spray media. The pump 56 may draw the spray media from the media reservoir 52 for ejection from the spray media acceleration module 14, and the fan 54 may drive the spray media toward the target object 10.

Turning now to focus from fig. 3A to fig. 3B, there is shown another embodiment of a spray system 2 comprising a remote applicator 100, the spray system 2 comprising a spray medium source 12, the spray medium source 12 comprising a feature disposed at a location remote from a hand-held portion of the remote applicator 100. For example, the remote applicator 100 does not include the media reservoir 52, but includes a media line indicated at 102. The media line 102 provides spray media input from a remote media source. The spray medium source 12 also includes a fan 54, the fan 54 configured to accelerate spray medium received from the medium line 102 toward the target object 10.

In the detailed description herein, references to "multiple embodiments," "a single embodiment," "one embodiment," "an example embodiment," etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to effect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described herein. After reading this description, it should be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art how to implement the disclosure in alternative embodiments. Any reference to a single embodiment includes multiple embodiments, and any reference to more than one component or step may include a single embodiment or step.

The phrases "in contact with … …," "coupled to," "in communication with … …," "touching," "interfacing with … …," and "engaged" may be used interchangeably. As used herein, "logical connection" or "logical connection" may refer to any method by which information may be communicated. Logical communication may facilitate the transmission of signals, whether analog or digital, between two or more components. Thus, "logical communication" may refer to any electrical, electromagnetic, radio frequency, and/or optical method that may be used to communicate information. Finally, any reference to attached, secured, connected, etc., can include permanent, removable, temporary, partial, complete, and/or any other possible attachment scheme.

Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described herein with regard to specific embodiments. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any element(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature or element of the disclosure. Thus, the scope of the present disclosure is to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims, in which reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean "one and only one" unless explicitly so stated, but rather "one or more. Further, when a phrase similar to "at least one of A, B and C" or "A, B or at least one of C" is used in the claims or the specification, the phrase should be read to mean that a may be present alone in one embodiment, B may be present alone in one embodiment, C may be present alone in one embodiment, or any combination of elements A, B and C may be present in a single embodiment; such as a and B, A and C, B and C or a and B and C. Although the present disclosure includes a method, it is contemplated that it may be embodied as computer program instructions on a tangible computer readable carrier, such as a magnetic or optical memory or a magnetic or optical disk. All structural, chemical, and functional equivalents to the elements of the above-described exemplary embodiments that are known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the present claims. Moreover, it is not necessary for a device or method to address each and every problem sought to be solved by the present disclosure, for it to be encompassed by the present claims.

Furthermore, no element, component, or method step in the present disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether the element, component, or method step is explicitly recited in the claims. Any claimed element herein should not be read as being constrained by the provision of 35u.s.c.112(f), unless the element is explicitly recited using the phrase "means for. As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.