阅读说明：本技术 图像显示设备和显示设备 (Image display apparatus and display apparatus ) 是由 糸长总一郎 于 2018-11-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：图像显示设备11包括图像形成设备20和反射光学构件30。在反射光学构件30的对置面31上,多个反射光学元件40被设在第一方向和不同于第一方向的第二方向上,该对置面31面向观察者。从图像形成设备20发射并且形成图像的细节区域的光进入反射光学元件40并朝向观察者的瞳孔12离开反射光学元件40。(The image display apparatus 11 includes an image forming apparatus 20 and a reflective optical member 30. On an opposing surface 31 of the reflective optical member 30, a plurality of reflective optical elements 40 are provided in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction, the opposing surface 31 facing the observer. Light emitted from the image forming apparatus 20 and forming a detailed region of an image enters the reflective optical element 40 and exits the reflective optical element 40 toward the pupil 12 of the observer.)

1. An image display apparatus comprising:

an image forming apparatus; and a light-reflecting member for reflecting light,

on an opposite side of the light reflecting member to a viewer, a plurality of light reflecting elements are provided in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction, wherein,

light constituting a minute region of an image emitted from the image forming apparatus enters the light reflecting element and is emitted by the light reflecting element toward the pupil of an observer.

2. The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an opposite face of the light reflection member is concavely curved toward a viewer.

3. The image display device of claim 2, wherein the opposite face of the light reflecting member comprises a portion of a sphere, a portion of an aspheric surface, or a portion of a cylinder.

4. The image display apparatus according to claim 1,

the light reflecting element includes a columnar member through which light constituting a minute region of an image emitted from the image forming apparatus enters and is emitted, and

a material having a lower refractive index than that of a material constituting the columnar member is filled between the light reflecting element and the light reflecting element.

5. The image display apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a sectional shape when the columnar member is cut along a virtual plane orthogonal to an axis of the columnar member is a rectangle, a polygon, a circle, or an ellipse.

6. The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the light reflecting element includes a smooth convex portion through which light constituting a minute region of an image emitted from the image forming apparatus enters and is emitted.

7. The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the light reflecting element includes a smooth concave portion from which light constituting a minute region of an image emitted from the image forming apparatus is reflected.

8. The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a first optical device for enlarging an image emitted from the image forming apparatus is provided between the image forming apparatus and the light reflecting member.

9. The image display apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the first optical device and the image forming apparatus are arranged in a state of being non-parallel to each other.

10. The image display apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first optical device comprises an f θ fisheye lens system.

11. The image display apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising an imaging apparatus having an optical system of the same type as the lens system of the first optical device.

12. The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a second optical device for converging light emitted from the light reflecting member on a pupil of an observer is provided between the light reflecting member and the observer.

13. The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the image emitted from the image forming apparatus is projected on the entire opposite face of the light reflection member.

14. The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when the light emitted from the image forming apparatus enters the light reflecting element and is emitted from the light reflecting element, a sign of a vector of the light entering the light reflecting element is opposite to a sign of a vector of the light emitted from the light reflecting element.

15. The image display apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the image display apparatus is accommodated in a housing.

16. The image display apparatus according to claim 15, wherein an antireflection member is provided on an inner surface of the housing.

17. The image display device according to claim 1, wherein the image display device is worn on a head of an observer.

18. An image display apparatus comprising:

an image forming apparatus; and a light reflecting member, wherein,

the light reflecting member is curved, and

an image emitted from the image forming apparatus is reflected by the light reflecting member and reaches a pupil of an observer.

19. A display device, comprising: a first image display device; and a second image display device, the first image display device and the second image display device being worn on a head of a viewer,

the first image display apparatus includes a first image forming apparatus and a first light reflecting member,

on an opposite face of the first light reflection member to face the observer, a plurality of first light reflection elements are provided in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction,

the second image display apparatus includes a second image forming apparatus and a second light reflecting member,

on an opposite face of the second light reflecting member to the observer, a plurality of second light reflecting elements are provided in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction,

light constituting a minute region of an image emitted from the first image forming apparatus enters the first light reflecting element and is emitted from the first light reflecting element toward one pupil of an observer, and

light constituting a minute region of an image emitted from the second image forming apparatus enters the second light reflecting element and is emitted from the second light reflecting element toward the other pupil of the observer.

20. A display device, comprising: a first image display device; and a second image display device, the first image display device and the second image display device being worn on a head of a viewer,

the first image display apparatus includes a first image forming apparatus and a first light reflecting member,

the second image display apparatus includes a second image forming apparatus and a second light reflecting member,

the first light reflecting member is curved,

an image emitted from the first image forming apparatus is reflected by the first light reflecting member and reaches one pupil of an observer,

the second light reflecting member is curved,

an image emitted from the second image forming apparatus is reflected by the second light reflecting member and reaches another pupil of the observer.

21. The display device according to claim 19 or 20,

the first image display apparatus and the second image display apparatus are accommodated in a housing, and

the partition is provided between a region of the housing accommodating the first image display device and a region of the housing accommodating the second image display device.

22. A light reflecting member comprising: a plurality of light reflecting elements provided in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction on an opposite face facing a viewer, wherein,

a minute region of an image emitted from the image forming apparatus enters the light reflecting element and is emitted from the light reflecting element toward the pupil of the observer.

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to an image display apparatus and a display apparatus provided with the same, and particularly to a display apparatus constituting a Head Mounted Display (HMD) and an image display apparatus suitable for incorporation into the display apparatus.

Background

In recent years, the development of so-called Virtual Reality (VR) goggles or VR glasses has been certified. VR goggles include a pair of flat display devices (see, for example, japanese patent application laid-open No.2017 and 183763) arranged to be opposed to both eyes of an observer, the pair of flat display devices being implemented by a display of a portable terminal such as a smartphone. That is, an image for the right eye and an image for the left eye are displayed in a display of a portable terminal (such as a smartphone). Further, in VR goggles and the like, for example, a flat display device having a diagonal size of 4 inches is used in order to solve the need for a wide angle, and a glass substrate is often used to reduce the manufacturing cost of the flat display device having such a size. However, in a flat display device using such a glass substrate, it is difficult to improve the performance of transistors constituting a pixel circuit for displaying an image and a peripheral circuit for signal processing. Further, it is difficult to miniaturize the pixels compared to the semiconductor fine processing technique.

CITATION LIST

Patent document

Patent document 1: japanese patent application laid-open No.2017-183763

Disclosure of Invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

In order to improve the performance of transistors used in pixel circuits and peripheral circuits, it is necessary to use a silicon substrate; however, there is a problem in that it is expensive to manufacture such a flat display device having a large area. Further, as described later, there is another problem that, because a pair of flat display devices is used, the range of an image viewed by the right eye is different from the range of an image viewed by the left eye.

Accordingly, a first object of the present disclosure is to provide an image display apparatus that can be inexpensively manufactured and a display apparatus using the same. Further, a second object of the present disclosure is to provide an image display device having a configuration and a structure in which a small difference occurs between a range of an image viewed by a right eye and a range of an image viewed by a left eye, and a display device using the same. Further, a third object of the present disclosure is to provide a light reflection member capable of improving the performance of the image display apparatus according to the first aspect of the present disclosure.

Solution to the problem

An image display apparatus according to a first aspect of the present disclosure for achieving the first object described above includes:

an image forming apparatus and a light reflecting member,

on an opposite surface of the light reflection member to the observer, a plurality of light reflection elements are provided in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction, wherein,

light constituting a minute region of an image emitted from the image forming apparatus is incident on the light reflecting element and emitted from the light reflecting element toward the pupil of the observer.

An image display apparatus according to a second aspect of the present disclosure for achieving the second object described above includes:

an image forming apparatus and a light reflecting member, wherein,

the light reflecting member is curved, and

an image emitted from the image forming apparatus is reflected by the light reflecting member and reaches the pupil of the observer.

A display device according to a first aspect of the present disclosure for achieving the first object described above is:

a display device comprising: a first image display device; and a second image display device, the first image display device and the second image display device being worn on a head of an observer,

the first image display apparatus includes a first image forming apparatus and a first light reflecting member,

on an opposed surface of the first light reflecting member opposed to the observer, a plurality of first light reflecting elements are provided in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction,

the second image display apparatus includes a second image forming apparatus and a second light reflecting member,

on an opposite surface of the second light reflecting member to the observer, a plurality of second light reflecting elements are provided in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction,

light constituting a minute region of an image emitted from the first image forming apparatus is incident on the first light reflecting element and emitted from the first light reflecting element toward one pupil of an observer, and

light constituting a minute region of an image emitted from the second image forming apparatus is incident on the second light reflecting element and emitted from the second light reflecting element toward the other pupil of the observer.

A display device according to a second aspect of the present disclosure for achieving the second object described above is:

a display device comprising: a first image display device; and a second image display device, the first image display device and the second image display device being worn on a head of an observer,

the first image display apparatus includes a first image forming apparatus and a first light reflecting member,

the second image display apparatus includes a second image forming apparatus and a second light reflecting member,

the first light reflecting member is curved and,

an image emitted from the first image forming apparatus is reflected by the first light reflecting member, and reaches one pupil of an observer,

the second light reflecting member is curved, and

an image emitted from the second image forming apparatus is reflected by the second light reflecting member and reaches the other pupil of the observer.

The light reflecting member of the present disclosure for achieving the third object described above is a light reflecting member including:

a plurality of light reflecting elements provided in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction on an opposed surface opposed to an observer, wherein,

a minute region of an image emitted from the image forming apparatus is incident on the light reflecting element, and is emitted from the light reflecting element toward the pupil of the observer.

Drawings

Fig. 1A and 1B are a conceptual diagram of the image display apparatus of example 1 and a conceptual diagram of a light reflecting element constituting the image display apparatus of example 1.

Fig. 2 is a conceptual diagram of the display device of example 1.

Fig. 3A and 3B are conceptual diagrams of modifications to the light reflecting element constituting the image display apparatus of example 1.

Fig. 4 is a conceptual diagram of the image display apparatus of example 2.

Fig. 5 is a conceptual diagram of the display device of example 2.

Fig. 6 is a conceptual diagram of the image display apparatus of example 1 or example 2.

Fig. 7 is a conceptual diagram of the display device of example 1 or example 2.

Fig. 8 is a conceptual diagram of a conventional display apparatus.

Fig. 9 is a conceptual diagram of a conventional display apparatus.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a state in which light emitted from the first optical device forms an image on the light reflecting element in a case where the first optical device and the image forming apparatus are set in a state of being non-parallel to each other.

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a state in which light emitted from the first optical device forms an image in the vicinity of the light reflecting element in a case where the first optical device and the image forming apparatus are set in a state of being parallel to each other.

Fig. 12 includes a conceptual diagram of an image display apparatus of the imaging apparatus.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, the present disclosure is described below based on examples with reference to the drawings; the present disclosure is not limited to examples, and various numerical values and materials in the examples are illustrative. Note that the description is provided in the following order.

1. General description of image display apparatuses according to first to second aspects of the present disclosure, and light reflection members of the present disclosure

2. Example 1 (image display device according to first aspect of the present disclosure, and light reflecting member of the present disclosure)

3. Example 2 (image display device according to second aspect of the present disclosure and display device according to second aspect of the present disclosure)

4. Others

< general description of image display apparatuses according to the first to second aspects of the present disclosure, and light reflection members of the present disclosure >

The image display apparatus according to the first aspect of the present disclosure and the first image display apparatus and the second image display apparatus constituting the display apparatus according to the first aspect of the present disclosure are sometimes collectively referred to as "the image display apparatus according to the first aspect of the present disclosure and the like", and the image display apparatus according to the first aspect to the second aspect of the present disclosure and the first image display apparatus and the second image display apparatus constituting the display apparatus according to the first aspect to the second aspect of the present disclosure are sometimes collectively referred to as "the image display apparatus of the present disclosure and the like". The image forming apparatus, the first image forming apparatus, and the second image forming apparatus are sometimes collectively referred to as "image forming apparatus or the like", the light reflecting member, the first light reflecting member, and the second light reflecting member are sometimes collectively referred to as "light reflecting member or the like", and the light reflecting element, the first light reflecting element, and the second light reflecting element are sometimes collectively referred to as "light reflecting element or the like".

Let the X-axis be a straight line including a line segment connecting the rotation centers of the right and left eyeballs, the X-axis direction be a direction in which the X-axis extends, the Y-axis be a straight line which is a perpendicular bisector of a line segment connecting the rotation centers of the right and left eyeballs and which is parallel to a straight line passing through the rotation centers of the two eyeballs, and the Y-axis direction be a direction in which the Y-axis extends. Alternatively, the Y-axis direction is parallel to the pupil axis defined by a straight line passing through the center of the entrance pupil of the eyeball and perpendicular to the corneal surface. Let the Z-axis be an axis orthogonal to the X-axis and the Y-axis. It can be said that the light reflecting member or the like is provided as a whole on a virtual plane parallel to the XY plane; it is possible that the first light reflecting member and the second light reflecting member are not disposed on a virtual plane parallel to the identical XY plane. The first image display apparatus and the second image display apparatus are symmetrically arranged with respect to a YZ plane. In the case where a horizontal direction (X-axis direction) and a vertical direction (Y-axis direction) are defined with reference to an observer, the first direction is defined to be parallel to the X-axis direction, and the second direction is defined to be parallel to the Y-axis direction. However, the first direction and the second direction are not limited to the definition, and may be essentially any direction.

In the display apparatuses according to the first to second aspects of the present disclosure, an arrangement is possible in which the first image display apparatus and the second image display apparatus are accommodated in the housing, and the partition is provided between the area of the housing accommodating the first image display apparatus and the area of the housing accommodating the second image display apparatus. The provision of the partition makes it possible to reliably prevent the light emitted from the first image forming apparatus from colliding with the second light reflecting member constituting the second image display apparatus, and to reliably prevent the light emitted from the second image forming apparatus from colliding with the first light reflecting member constituting the first image forming apparatus.

In the image display apparatus and the like according to the first aspect of the present disclosure including the above-described preferred arrangement, the opposed face of the light reflection member and the like (or the light reflection member and the like) may be concavely curved toward the observer. The similar applies to the image display apparatus according to the second aspect of the present disclosure and the first image display apparatus and the second image display apparatus constituting the display apparatus according to the second aspect of the present disclosure.

Then, in such an arrangement, the opposing surface of the light reflection member or the like may include a part of a spherical surface, a part of an aspherical surface, or a part of a cylindrical surface. Note that the cylindrical surface is a figure (surface) obtained by one rotation of a line segment extending in the Y axis direction serving as a rotation axis from another line segment parallel to the rotation axis. The cylindrical surface also includes a figure (surface) obtained by one rotation of another curve with the line segment as a rotation axis. Here, a curve obtained when an aspherical surface is cut along a virtual plane including a central axis of the aspherical surface may be exemplified as the other curve. The similar applies to the image display apparatus according to the second aspect of the present disclosure and the first image display apparatus and the second image display apparatus constituting the display apparatus according to the second aspect of the present disclosure.

The shape of the orthographically projected image of the light reflecting member or the like may be a rectangle such as a square, a rectangle, or a rhombus, a polygon including a regular polygon such as a regular hexagon or a regular octagon, a circle, or an ellipse. Here, the rectangles and polygons include rectangles and polygons whose vertices (corners) are rounded, rectangles and polygons whose sides are rounded (for example, the sides are arcs or circular arcs), and also rectangles and polygons whose sides are rounded (the sides are arcs or circular arcs) and whose vertices (corners) are rounded. Assuming a circle equal to the area of the orthographic projection image of the light reflecting member or the like, the size of the orthographic projection image of the light reflecting member or the like is equal to the radius r₀When expressed, may be exemplified as r₀10mm to 100 mm. When a part of the spherical surface constitutes the light reflecting member or the like, the radius of curvature r of the spherical surface₁Can be exemplified as r₀To 3r₀And in the case where a part of the aspherical surface constitutes a light reflecting member or the like, a radius of curvature r at the center of the light reflecting member or the like₁Can be exemplified as r₀To 3r₀. In the case where a part of the cylindrical surface constitutes a light reflecting member or the like, the distance D from the rotation axis to another line segment or curve₁Can be exemplified as r₀To 3r₀. Note that, as described above, the rotation axis and the other line segment are parallel to each other, and the tangent of the other curve at the point farthest from the rotation axis is parallel to the rotation axis. The distance between the axis of rotation and the tangent is defined as the distance D from the axis of rotation to another curve₁And (4) showing. The similar applies to the image display apparatus according to the second aspect of the present disclosure and the first image display apparatus and the second image display apparatus constituting the display apparatus according to the second aspect of the present disclosure.

Further, in the image display apparatus and the like according to the first aspect of the present disclosure including the above-described preferred arrangement, the light reflecting element and the like may be providedTo include a columnar member through which light constituting a minute region of an image emitted from an image forming apparatus or the like is incident and emitted, and a material (for convenience, referred to as a "second material") having a refractive index lower than that of a material constituting the columnar member (for convenience, referred to as a "first material") may be filled between a light reflecting element or the like and the light reflecting element or the like. Then, in this case, when the columnar member is cut along a virtual plane orthogonal to the axis of the columnar member, the sectional shape may be a rectangle (such as a square, a rectangle, or a rhombus), a polygon including a regular polygon (such as a regular hexagon or a regular octagon), a circle, or an ellipse; but the sectional shape is not limited to these shapes. When light constituting a minute region of an image emitted from an image forming apparatus or the like is incident on the columnar member, the light (referred to as "incident light" for convenience) is reflected by the side and bottom surfaces of the columnar member and emitted from the columnar member toward the pupil of an observer [ this light (referred to as "emitted light" for convenience) ])]. Such a columnar member has a structure similar to that of a mantis eye. N is used as refractive index of the first material₁The refractive index of the second material is represented by n₂In the case of representation, the relationship n is satisfied₁>n₂And preferably (n) is selected₁,n₂) So that the incident light is totally reflected by the side surfaces of the columnar members. Examples of the first material include cycloolefin polymer (COP) resin (for example, ZEONEX resin [ registered trademark ] manufactured by Zeon corporation, japan]) Amorphous Polyolefin (APO), and heat-resistant transparent resin (for example, ARTON resin manufactured by JSR corporation [ registered trademark ]]) Examples of the second material include polyolefin-based resins (e.g., TPX manufactured by mitsui chemical corporation [ registered trademark ]]) Acrylic resins including polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resins, and inorganic materials (e.g., SiO)₂) And the second material may be air. The light reflection layer is preferably formed on the bottom surface of the columnar member. Alternatively, the light reflection layer is preferably formed in a region of the opposed face of the light reflection member or the like which is in contact with the bottom face of the columnar member. The antireflection layer may be formed on the surface of the light reflecting member or the like not facing the columnar memberIn the region where the bottom surfaces are in contact. As a method for manufacturing the columnar member, or alternatively, as a method for forming the columnar member on the opposite surface of the light reflection member or the like, a nanoimprint method, an injection molding method, and an inkjet method can be exemplified. In addition, the light reflecting member formed in a planar state may be bent in a later step.

Alternatively, in the image display device or the like according to the first aspect of the present disclosure including the above-described preferred arrangement, the light reflecting element or the like may include a smooth convex portion through which light constituting a minute region of an image emitted from the image forming device or the like is incident and emitted. Alternatively, in the image display apparatus and the like according to the first aspect of the present disclosure including the above-described preferred arrangement, the light reflecting element and the like may include a smooth concave portion from which light constituting a minute region of an image emitted from the image forming apparatus and the like is reflected. Examples of the shape of the convex portion or the concave portion include a part of a sphere, a part of a cylinder, a shape inclined in a certain direction (factory roof shape), and a cylindrical shape; but the shape is not limited thereto. When light constituting a minute region of an image emitted from an image forming apparatus or the like is incident on the convex portion or the concave portion, the light (incident light) is reflected by the bottom surface of the convex portion or the concave portion, emitted as emission light from the convex portion or the concave portion toward the pupil of an observer, and reflected. The specific shape of the convex portion or the concave portion is only required to have a shape capable of obtaining such incident light and emitted light. The light reflecting layer is preferably formed on the bottom surface of the convex portion. Alternatively, the light reflection layer is formed in a region of the opposite face of the light reflection member or the like that is in contact with the bottom face of the convex portion. Examples of a method for generating a convex portion or a concave portion or a method for forming a convex portion or a concave portion on the opposite face of the light reflection member or the like include a nanoimprint method, an injection molding method, and an inkjet method.

It is only required that the material constituting the light reflection layer be substantially any material that reflects visible light, and examples thereof include silver, aluminum, and barium sulfate paint.

Further, in the image display apparatus and the like of the present disclosure including the various preferred arrangements and configurations described above, the first optical means for amplifying the image emitted from the image forming apparatus and the like may be provided between the image forming apparatus and the like and the light reflecting member and the like. Examples of the first optical means include an optical system having a lens group in which a final-stage lens is disposed at a short distance (for example, within 1 mm) from the image display apparatus or the like. It is preferable that the distance between the image display device or the like and the final stage lens is shorter. Accordingly, a larger amount of light emitted from the image display apparatus or the like can be made incident on the lens group, and the luminous flux of light passing through the first optical device increases, thereby improving illuminance. The first optical device constituting the image display apparatus, the first optical device constituting the first image display apparatus, and the first optical device constituting the second image display apparatus are hereinafter sometimes collectively referred to as "first optical device or the like".

Note that it is preferable that the first optical device or the like and the image forming apparatus or the like are arranged in a state of being non-parallel to each other, that is, the optical axis of the first optical device or the like and the direction of light emitted from the center of the image forming apparatus or the like are preferably in a non-parallel state from the viewpoint that light emitted from the first optical device or the like easily forms an image on the light reflecting element or the like. In particular, for example, only the Scheimpflug principle is required to be used to achieve focusing on the opposite face of the light-reflecting member.

Further, in the case where the aperture diameter of the first optical device or the like is denoted by "ss", the coefficient (1.2 or more and 2.0 or less) is denoted by "a", the distance from the center of the light reflecting member or the like to the aperture position of the first optical device or the like is denoted by "f", and the wavelength of incident light that is incident on the first optical device or the like from the image forming apparatus or the like is denoted by "λ", it is desirable to satisfy the following relationship:

ss’＝a(f’·λ)^1/2

this makes it possible to easily achieve focusing even on the light reflecting member or the like having a curved shape, and easily relax constraints on the shape of the light reflecting member or the like, thereby making it easy to downsize, for example, the first optical device or the like.

Further, specifically, in the case where the light reflecting member or the like is made to have a curved surface, it is desirable that the first optical device is a so-called f θ fisheye lens system. That is, it is preferable to use a fisheye lens system that satisfies a projection method (equal solid angle projection) of y ═ f θ, where y denotes an image height, f denotes a focal length, and θ denotes a half angle of view.

Further, the image display apparatus and the like of the present disclosure may include an imaging apparatus having an optical system of the same type as the lens system of the first optical device. Then, the image captured by the imaging apparatus may be displayed on the image forming apparatus or the like, that is, the captured image may be reproduced by the image forming apparatus as it is.

Further, in the image display apparatus and the like of the present disclosure including the various preferred arrangements and configurations described above, the second optical means for condensing light emitted from the light reflecting member and the like on the pupil of the observer may be provided between the light reflecting member and the like and the observer. Light constituting a minute region of an image emitted from the image forming apparatus or the like is incident on the light reflecting element or the like and emitted from the light reflecting element or the like toward the pupil of the observer, specifically, the light is emitted toward the second optical device, and the light emitted from the second optical device is incident (converged) on the pupil of the observer. Examples of the second optical device include a convex lens and a convex lens system. Alternatively, a meniscus lens system in which a convex lens and a concave lens are combined may be exemplified, and a Fresnel lens system may be exemplified as the convex lens. The second optical device constituting the image display apparatus, the second optical device constituting the first image display apparatus, and the second optical device constituting the second image display apparatus are hereinafter sometimes collectively referred to as "second optical device or the like".

Further, in the image display apparatus and the like of the present disclosure including the various preferred arrangements and configurations described above, an image emitted from the image forming apparatus and the like may be projected on the entire opposed face of the light reflection member and the like. With such an arrangement, one frame-like region surrounding the image is not visually recognized by an observer who observes the image emitted from the image forming apparatus or the like, which results in a so-called frameless state, and enables the observer to view the image with a high-reality feeling.

Further, in the image display apparatus and the like of the present disclosure including the various preferred arrangements and configurations described above, when light emitted from the image forming apparatus and the like is incident on the light reflecting element and the like and emitted from the light reflecting element and the like, the sign of the vector of the light incident on the light reflecting element and the like (with "incident k") is^v _in"denotes) and the sign of the vector of the light emitted from the light reflecting element or the like (by" emission k^v _out"represents)" may be opposite to each other. In other words,

it is preferable to satisfy such a relationship

k^v _in+k^v _out0. By adopting such an arrangement, light constituting a minute region of an image emitted from the image forming apparatus or the like is incident on the light reflecting element or the like, and is reliably emitted from the light reflecting element or the like toward the pupil of the observer. Note that, in the incident vector and the emission vector of each light reflection element or the like, the coordinate axis in each light reflection element or the like is used as a reference. Here, in each light reflecting element, in the case where light having been incident on the light reflecting element collides with a certain surface and changes the direction to the emission direction, the coordinate axis is (x)₀Axis, y₀Axis, z₀Axis) where the normal at the center of a certain surface is defined as z₀Axis, with z₀The axis orthogonal to the axis and on the certain surface parallel to the X axis is defined as X₀A shaft on the certain surface and x₀Axis and z₀The axis orthogonal to the axis is defined as y₀A shaft.

Further, the image display apparatus of the present disclosure and the like including the various preferred arrangements and configurations described above may be accommodated in a housing. Then, in this case, the anti-reflection member may be provided on the inner surface of the case including the partition. Examples of the material constituting the antireflection member include velvet (cloth), vantablack (paint) using carbon nanotubes, and the like. Note that, in the case where one image display apparatus is accommodated, this member is located on the nose side of the observer, an opposed face member opposed to the observer and having an opening portion, a front member opposed to the opposed face member, and further preferably a ground face member. These components are preferably integrally assembled. A light reflecting member or the like is attached to the front member. Further, the image forming apparatus and the like and the first optical device and the like are attached to the top surface member, the side surface member, the opposed surface member, or the vicinity thereof. A second optical device or the like is attached to the facing member. Examples of the material constituting the case including the partition include a metal material and a plastic material. The observer cannot view the outside through the light reflecting member or the like. That is, the image display device is a non-transparent display device.

Further, the image display device of the present disclosure and the like including the various preferred arrangements and configurations described above may be configured to be worn on the head of an observer. An apparatus and method for wearing an image display device or the like on the head of an observer may be a well-known apparatus and method.

The light reflecting member and the like may be made of, for example, a plastic material, and specific examples thereof include acrylic resins (including PMMA), polycarbonate resins, laminated structures of polycarbonate resins and acrylic resins, cycloolefin polymers, amorphous polypropylene resins, and styrene resins (including AS resins), alternatively, polyethylene terephthalate resins, polyethylene naphthalate resins, cellulose ester resins (such AS cellulose acetate), fluoropolymer resins (such AS polyvinylidene fluoride or a copolymer of polytetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene), polyether resins (such AS polyoxymethylene), polyacetal resins, polystyrene resins, polyethylene resins, polypropylene resins, polyolefin resins (such AS methylpentene polymers), polyimide resins (such AS polyamideimide or polyetherimide), polyamide resins, polyethersulfone resins, polyphenylene sulfide resins, polystyrene resins, polyethylene resins, polypropylene resins, polyethylene terephthalate resins, polypropylene resins, polyvinylidene fluoride resin, tetraacetyl cellulose resin, brominated phenoxy resin, polyacrylate resin and polysulfone resin. As described above, it is preferable that the light reflection layer is formed in a region of the opposing surface of the light reflection member or the like, which is in contact with the bottom surface of the columnar member or the bottom surface of the convex portion. Further, the antireflection layer may be formed in a region of the opposing surface of the light reflection member or the like that is not in contact with the bottom surface of the columnar member or the bottom surface of the convex portion.

In the image forming apparatus or the like, a monochrome image can be displayed, and a color image can be displayed.

An arrangement is possible in which an image forming apparatus or the like includes a plurality of pixels arranged in a two-dimensional matrix. For convenience, such an image forming apparatus is referred to as "an image forming apparatus having a first configuration".

An example of the image forming apparatus having the first configuration may include: an image forming apparatus including a reflective spatial light modulation apparatus and a light source; an image forming apparatus including a transmissive spatial light modulation apparatus and a light source; and an image forming apparatus including a light emitting element such as an organic Electroluminescence (EL), an inorganic EL, a Light Emitting Diode (LED), or a semiconductor laser element, among which the image forming apparatus having the first configuration is preferably an image forming apparatus including an organic EL light emitting element (an organic EL display apparatus) or an image forming apparatus including a reflective spatial light modulation apparatus and a light source. Examples of spatial light modulation devices may include light valves, e.g., transmissive or reflective liquid crystal display devices such as Liquid Crystal On Silicon (LCOS) and Digital Micromirror Devices (DMDs), and examples of light sources may include light emitting elements. Also, a configuration may be made wherein the reflective spatial light modulation device includes a liquid crystal display device and a polarizing beam splitter that reflects a part of light from the light source to guide the light to the liquid crystal display device, and passes a part of the light reflected by the liquid crystal display device and guides the part of the light to the light reflection member. Alternatively, it may be constructed from a projector displaying three primary colors. Examples of the light emitting elements constituting the light source may include a red light emitting element, a green light emitting element, a blue light emitting element, a white light emitting element. Alternatively, white light may be obtained by mixing red light, green light, and blue light emitted from the red light emitting element, the green light emitting element, and the blue light emitting element, respectively, and performing luminance equalization by using a light pipe. As the light emitting element, for example, a semiconductor laser element, a solid-state laser, and an LED can be exemplified. The number of pixels need only be determined based on specifications required for the image display device, and as specific values of the number of pixels, 320 × 240, 432 × 240, 640 × 480, 1024 × 768, 1920 × 1080, 3840 × 2160, 7680 × 4320, and the like can be exemplified. However, the image projected on the light reflecting member is a part thereof in some cases. In the case of a color image display, the number of sub-pixels has a relationship of, for example, three times (RGB), four times (RGBW), or five times (RGBW, etc.) the number of pixels. Similar matters apply to the following description. Note that "R", "G", "B", and "W" mean a sub-pixel emitting red light, a sub-pixel emitting green light, a sub-pixel emitting blue light, and a sub-pixel emitting white light, respectively.

Alternatively, the image forming apparatus or the like may include a light source and a scanning device for forming an image by scanning light emitted from the light source. For convenience, such an image forming apparatus is referred to as "an image forming apparatus having the second configuration".

Examples of the light source in the image forming apparatus having the second configuration may include a light emitting element, specifically, a red light emitting element, a green light emitting element, a blue light emitting element, a white light emitting element, or alternatively, white light may be obtained by mixing red light, green light, and blue light emitted from the red light emitting element, the green light emitting element, and the blue light emitting element, respectively, and performing luminance equalization by using a light pipe. As the light emitting element, for example, a semiconductor laser element, a solid-state laser, and an LED can be exemplified. The number of pixels (virtual pixels) in the image forming apparatus having the second configuration also only needs to be determined based on specifications required for the image display apparatus, and as specific values of the number of pixels (virtual pixels), 320 × 240, 432 × 240, 640 × 480, 1024 × 768, 1920 × 1080, 3840 × 2160, 7680 × 4320, and the like can be exemplified. Further, in the case where color image display is performed and the light source includes a red light emitting element, a green light emitting element, and a blue light emitting element, it is preferable to perform color synthesis by using, for example, a cross prism. Examples of the scanning device may include a galvanometer mirror and a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) mirror including a micro mirror rotatable in two dimensions, the MEMS mirror horizontally and vertically scanning light emitted from a light source.

When the light reflection element or the like includes a columnar member, the area of the cross-sectional shape when the columnar member is cut along a virtual plane orthogonal to the axis of the columnar member is represented by S₀That is, in the case where the light reflecting member or the like includes a convex portion, the area of the bottom surface of the convex portion is represented by S₀That is, in the case where the light reflecting member or the like includes the concave portion, the area of the region surrounded by the concave edge portion on the top surface of the concave portion is expressed as S₀When expressed, and when the length Lg of one side of the square is used₀Expression (assuming a square equal to the area S₀) Length Lg as one side of square₀As an illustration, 1 μm to 0.1mm may be exemplified. In the case where the relationship between the total number of light reflecting elements or the like and the number of pixels of the image forming apparatus or the like is expressed by the following formula:

(total number of light reflecting elements and the like) K × (number of pixels of the image forming apparatus and the like),

the value of K may be, for example, 0.1 to 10. In addition, in the effective region of the light reflection member or the like, it is preferable that the light reflection elements or the like are formed as densely as possible without any space if possible. Light constituting minute regions of an image emitted from an image forming apparatus or the like is incident on a light reflecting element or the like, and the minute regions of the image correspond to pixels or sub-pixels. Alternatively, it is preferable that the light reflection element or the like is sized so as not to be visually recognized by the observer.

The foregoing description of the image forming apparatus and the like is applicable to the image display apparatus according to the second aspect of the present disclosure and the first image display apparatus and the second image display apparatus constituting the display apparatus according to the second aspect of the present disclosure.

An image emitted from an image forming apparatus or the like is transformed in advance based on a well-known technique so as to become a desired image when the image finally reaches the pupil of the observer. Specifically, for example, only such an image as viewed through a fisheye lens needs to be emitted, and may be emitted from an image forming apparatus or the like.

The positional relationship between the image forming apparatus and the like, the light reflecting member and the like, and the second optical device and the like is determined. By using this, for example, when light emitted from the image forming apparatus or the like is applied to a certain light reflecting element (for convenience, referred to as "light reflecting element a"), the light is divided into light that reaches the second optical device via the light reflecting element a (for convenience, referred to as "light a") and another light (for convenience, referred to as "light B"), and the light B is incident on a light reflecting element B different from the light reflecting element a, which may occur although slight. In such a case, the illuminance and chromaticity of light emitted from the image forming apparatus or the like and entering the light reflecting element B are determined and controlled in consideration of the incidence of the light B on the light reflecting element B; thus, the light reaching the second optical device via the light reflecting element B can be controlled more accurately.

In the image display apparatus and the display apparatus of the present disclosure, a signal for displaying an image in the image forming apparatus may be received from the outside. Information or data on an image displayed in the image forming apparatus is recorded, stored, or saved in, for example, a so-called cloud computer or server, because the image display apparatus or display apparatus is provided with a communication device, such as a mobile phone or a smartphone, or because the image display apparatus or display apparatus is combined with a communication device, various information or data can be transmitted/received or exchanged between the cloud computer or server and the image display apparatus or display apparatus, and a signal based on the various information and data, that is, a signal for displaying an image in the image forming apparatus can be received. Alternatively, an arrangement is possible in which a signal for displaying an image in the image forming apparatus is stored in the image display apparatus or the display apparatus. The image displayed in the image forming apparatus includes various information and various data. Alternatively, the display device may include a camera (imaging device), and an image captured by the camera may be analyzed and reflected in an image displayed in the image forming device. The image to be displayed in the image forming apparatus is essentially arbitrary and may be any image.

Example 1

Example 1 relates to an image display apparatus according to a first aspect of the present disclosure and a display apparatus according to the first aspect of the present disclosure. Fig. 1A illustrates a conceptual diagram of an image display apparatus of example 1, fig. 1B illustrates a conceptual diagram of a light reflecting element constituting the image display apparatus of example 1, and fig. 2 illustrates a conceptual diagram of the display apparatus of example 1. Note that fig. 1A, 1B, and 2 or fig. 4, 5, 6, and 9, which will be described later, substantially show a cross section of a single constituent element; however, some of the constituent elements are not shaded. Furthermore, fig. 1A corresponds to a schematic cross-sectional view of fig. 2 taken along arrows a-a, and fig. 2 corresponds to a schematic cross-sectional view of fig. 1A taken along arrows B-B. That is, fig. 1A corresponds to a schematic cross-sectional view in a virtual plane parallel to the YZ plane, and fig. 2 corresponds to a schematic cross-sectional view in a virtual plane parallel to the XZ plane.

The image display apparatus 11 of example 1 includes an image forming apparatus 20 and a light reflecting member 30, and a plurality of light reflecting elements 40 are provided on an opposing face 31 of the light reflecting member 30 opposing an observer in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction. Then, the light constituting the minute region of the image emitted from the image forming apparatus 20 is incident to the light reflecting element 40, and is emitted from the light reflecting element 40 toward the pupil 12 of the observer.

Further, the display device 10 of example 1 is a display device including a first image display device 11R and a second image display device 11L, the first image display device 11R and the second image display device 11L being worn on the head of an observer,

the first image display apparatus 11R includes a first image forming apparatus 20R and a first light reflecting member 30R,

a plurality of first light reflecting elements 40R are provided on the opposed face 31R of the first light reflecting member 30R opposed to the observer in the first direction and the second direction different from the first direction,

the second image display apparatus 11L includes a second image forming apparatus 20L and a second light reflecting member 30L,

a plurality of second light reflecting elements 40L are provided on the opposed face 31L of the second light reflecting member 30L opposed to the observer in the first direction and the second direction different from the first direction,

the light constituting the minute region of the image emitted from the first image forming apparatus 20R is incident on the first light reflecting element 40R and emitted from the first light reflecting element 40R toward one (right eye) pupil of the observer, and

light constituting a minute region of the image emitted from the second image forming apparatus 20L is incident on the second light reflecting element 40L and is emitted from the second light reflecting element 40L toward the other (left eye) pupil of the observer. The first image display apparatus 11R and the second image display apparatus 11L are arranged symmetrically with respect to the YZ plane. In fig. 2, the first image forming apparatus 20R is disposed above the second optical device 52R, and the second image forming apparatus 20L is disposed above the second optical device 52L.

Note that in the following description, for the sake of simplifying the explanation, reference numerals of the image display apparatus, the first image display apparatus, and the second image display apparatus, and various elements constituting these image display apparatuses are collectively denoted by suffixes following the reference numerals. For example, the image display apparatus 11, the first image display apparatus 11R, and the second image display apparatus 11L are collectively referred to as the image display apparatus 11_S。

Further, in the light reflection member 30 of example 1 made of a plastic material or a carbon-based material,

a plurality of light reflecting members 40 are provided on the facing surface 31 facing the observer in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction, and

a minute region of the image emitted from the image forming apparatus 20 is incident to the light reflecting element 40, and is emitted from the light reflecting element 40 toward the pupil 12 of the observer.

Then, the image display apparatus 11 is accommodated in the housing 60. Alternatively, the first image display apparatus 11R and the second image display apparatus 11L are accommodated in the housing 60, and the partition 67 is provided in the region of the housing 60 in which the first image display apparatus 11R is accommodated and the region of the housing 60 in which the second image display apparatus 11L is accommodatedBetween the areas of the two image display devices 11L. On the inner surface of the case 60 including the partition 67, an antireflection member (not shown) made of vantablack (carbon nanotube-based material) is provided. The housing 60 includes, with respect to the viewer, a top surface member 61, a first side surface member 62 (positioned on the right ear side of the viewer), a second side surface member 63 (positioned on the left ear side of the viewer), a lower surface member 64, an opposed surface member 65, and a front member 66, the opposed surface member 65 being opposed to the viewer and having an opening portion 65A, the front member 66 being opposed to the opposed surface member 65, which are integrally assembled. A first light reflecting member 30R for the first image display apparatus and a second light reflecting member 30L for the second image display apparatus are attached to the front member 66. The second optical device 52R for the first image display apparatus and the second optical device 52L for the second image display apparatus are attached to the facing member 65. Further, the first image forming apparatus 20R and the first optical device 51R for the first image display apparatus and the second image forming apparatus 20L and the first optical device 51L for the second image display apparatus are attached to the top surface member 61, the side surface members 62 and 63, or the facing surface member 65 (in the illustrated example, at a portion located above the second optical devices 52R and 52L attached to the facing surface member 65). Image display apparatus 11_S(specifically, the housing 60) is worn on the head of the observer. An apparatus and method for wearing an image display device or the like on the head of an observer may be a well-known apparatus and method.

Then, the image display apparatus 11 in example 1_SMiddle, light reflecting member 30_SOpposite face (in the illustrated example, the light reflecting member 30)_SItself) is concavely curved towards the viewer. Specifically, the light reflecting member 30_SOpposite surface 31 of_S(light reflecting Member 30)_S) Including a portion of a spherical surface or a portion of an aspherical surface. Light reflecting member 30_SIs a circle, when assumed to be equal to the light reflecting member 30_SThe light reflecting member 30 has a circle of area of the orthographic projection image_SThe size of the orthogonal projection image of (2) is the radius r₀Expressed from 10mm to 100mm, specifically, 60 mm.In the light reflection member 30_SIncluding a portion of a spherical surface, the spherical surface may have a radius of curvature r₀To 3r₀Specifically, 30mm, in the light reflection mechanism 30_SIncluding a part of the aspherical surface, the light reflecting member 30_SMay be r₀To 3r₀And specifically 30 mm.

In example 1, the light reflecting member 40_SIncludes a columnar member 41 constituting the secondary image forming apparatus 20_SLight of a minute region of the emitted image is incident through the columnar member 41 and emitted, and a material (second material) 42 having a refractive index lower than that of a material (first material) constituting the columnar member 41 is filled in the light reflecting element 40_SAnd a light reflecting member 40_SIn the meantime. In particular, the first material comprises, for example, a material having a refractive index n₁ZEONEX resin 1.53 and second material 42 air. A light reflecting layer 32 made of silver, aluminum, barium sulfate paint, or the like is formed on the bottom surface of the columnar member 41. The sectional shape when the columnar member 41 is cut along a virtual plane orthogonal to the axis of the columnar member 41 is a regular hexagon (one side is 5 μm in length), and the light reflection element 40_SAnd a light reflecting member 40_SThe minimum interval between them is 1 μm; however, the shape and value are not limited thereto. When the slave image forming apparatus 20 is constituted_SWhen light of a minute region of the emitted image is incident on the columnar member 41, the light (incident light) is reflected by the side and bottom surfaces of the columnar member 41, and is emitted as reflected light from the columnar member 41 toward the pupil 12 of the observer. When the slave image forming apparatus 20_SThe emitted light is incident on the light reflecting member 40_SAnd from the light reflecting element 40_SUpon emission, incident on the light reflecting element 40_SIncident vector (k) of light of (1)^v _in) And a secondary light reflecting element 40_SEmission vector (k) of the emitted light^v _out) Are opposite to each other. That is, satisfy

k^v _in+k^v _out0. As a result, the slave image forming apparatus 20 is constituted_SLight of a micro area of the emitted imageIs incident to the light reflecting member 40_SAnd is reliably reflected from the light reflecting member 40_SEmitted towards the pupil 12 of the observer. For use in the light reflecting member 30_SOpposite surface 31 of_SAn example of a method of forming the columnar member 41 includes a nanoimprint method. Note that, in fig. 1A and 2, five light reflecting elements 40_SSchematically illustrated as a small mirror; however, in practice, the light reflecting member 40_SFormed on the light reflection member 30_SOpposite surface 31 of_SIn the entire area of (a).

Image display apparatus 11 in example 1_SIncluding a means for magnifying the secondary image forming apparatus 20_SFirst optical means 51 of convex lenses of the emitted image_SIs provided in the image forming apparatus 20_SAnd a light reflecting member 30_SIn the meantime. Further, a member for reflecting the secondary light 30 is included_SSecond optical means 52 of a convex lens whose emitted light is concentrated on the pupil 12 of the observer_SIs provided on the light reflecting member 30_SAnd between observers. Alternatively, the first optical device 51_SMay be a so-called f θ fish-eye lens system. Further, it is desirable to satisfy the following relationship

ss’＝a(f’·λ)^1/2

Thus, this makes it possible to provide the light reflection member 30 even in the case of having a curved shape_SAlso, focusing is easily achieved, and it is made possible to relax the light reflection member 30_SSo as to make it easy to reduce, for example, the first optical device 51_SThe size of (c).

Further, the image display apparatus 11 in example 1_SFrom the image forming apparatus 20_SThe emitted image is projected on the light reflecting member 30_SAcross the opposite side. With such an arrangement, the slave image forming apparatus 20 is observed_SAn observer of the emitted image cannot visually recognize a kind of frame-like region surrounding the image, a frameless state is achieved, and the observer can view the image with high realism.

Image forming apparatus 20_SIncludes an image forming apparatus having a first configuration, and includesA plurality of pixels arranged in a two-dimensional matrix. Specifically, the image forming apparatus 20_SIncluding a projector for displaying three primary colors, has little viewing angle dependence, and is a self-luminous image forming apparatus, and therefore can realize high contrast.

As a light reflecting element 40_SSize (length Lg)₀) 1 μm to 0.1mm, specifically, 8.1 μm can be exemplified. In addition, the light reflection element 40_SAnd the image forming apparatus 20_SIs expressed as follows:

(light reflection element 40)_SK × (image forming apparatus 20)_SNumber of pixels (2)

The value of K can be exemplified as 0.1 to 10, the light reflecting member 30_SEach 1cm of²Light-reflected element 40_SThe occupied area may be specifically exemplified as 0.83cm². Constitute the slave image forming apparatus 20_SThe light of the micro-area of the emitted image is incident to the light reflecting member 40_SAnd a minute area of the image corresponds to a sub-pixel. For example, the image forming apparatus 20 has a function of_SAn image of 10 times the size of the emitted image is projected on the light reflecting member 30_SThe above. Alternatively, the light reflecting element may partly comprise the light reflecting element and partly comprise the light absorbing element.

The image display apparatus of example 1 includes an image forming apparatus (or a first image forming apparatus and a second image forming apparatus) and a light reflecting member (or a first light reflecting member and a second light reflecting member) for enlarging/projecting an image emitted from the image forming apparatus, and therefore, the image forming apparatus (or the first image forming apparatus and the second image forming apparatus) can be made smaller in size than the conventional art, and it is possible to provide an image display apparatus which can be inexpensively manufactured and a display apparatus using the image display apparatus. Moreover, in the light reflection member of example 1, since the plurality of light reflection elements are provided on the opposite surface of the light reflection member to the observer, the image emitted from the image forming apparatus can reliably reach the pupil of the observer.

Light emitted from the image forming apparatus travels toward the light reflecting member and further travels toward the pupil of the observer via the second optical device; however, in some cases, the light collides with an area other than the light reflecting member (for example, an inner surface of the housing). Since the reflection preventing member is provided on the inner surface of the case, light reflected by the inner surface of the case is slight. Therefore, in the case where the light reflecting element is not provided, the light having collided with the light reflecting member directly collides with the light reflecting member again, thereby causing a sort of halo. Further, there may also be light reflected from the surface of the second optical device, returned to the light reflecting member, and collided with the light reflecting member. Further, there may be light reflected by the sclera (white portion of the eye) of the observed person, returned to the light reflecting member, and collided with the light reflecting member. Such light is a kind of stray light, and when such stray light reaches the pupil of the observer, it causes a decrease in image contrast with the pupil reaching the observer. That is, even in a case where a kind of stray light is generated due to such light emitted from the image forming apparatus and collides with the light reflecting member, since the light reflecting element is provided in the image forming apparatus of example 1, it is possible to reliably prevent the stray light from reaching the pupil of the observer. Therefore, it is possible to suppress a decrease in image contrast reaching the pupil of the observer, improve light use efficiency, improve illuminance, and reduce power consumption.

Example 2

Example 2 relates to an image display apparatus according to the second aspect of the present disclosure and a display apparatus according to the second aspect of the present disclosure. Fig. 4 shows a conceptual diagram of the image display apparatus of example 2, and fig. 5 shows a conceptual diagram of the display apparatus of example 2. Fig. 4 corresponds to a schematic cross-sectional view taken along arrows a-a of fig. 5, and fig. 5 corresponds to a schematic cross-sectional view taken along arrows B-B of fig. 4. That is, fig. 4 corresponds to a schematic cross-sectional view in a virtual plane parallel to the YZ plane, and fig. 5 corresponds to a schematic cross-sectional view in a virtual plane parallel to the XZ plane.

The image display apparatus 11 of example 2 includes an image forming apparatus 20 and a light reflecting member 30, the light reflecting member 30 is curved, and

the light emitted from the image forming apparatus 20 is reflected by the light reflecting member 30, and reaches the pupil 12 of the observer.

Further, the display device of example 2 is

A display device including a first image display device 11R and a second image display device 11L worn on the head of an observer,

the first image display apparatus 11R includes a first image forming apparatus 20R and a first light reflecting member 30R,

the second image display apparatus 11L includes a second image forming apparatus 20L and a second light reflecting member 30L,

the first light reflecting member 30R is curved,

the image emitted from the first image forming apparatus 20R is reflected by the first light reflecting member 30R, and reaches one (right eye) pupil of the observer,

the second light reflecting member 30L is curved, and

the image emitted from the second image forming apparatus 20L is reflected by the second light reflecting member 30L and reaches the other (left eye) pupil of the observer. In fig. 5, the first image forming apparatus 20R is disposed above the second optical device 52R, and the second image forming apparatus 20L is disposed above the second optical device 52L.

Image display apparatus 11 in example 2_SMiddle, light reflecting member 30_SConcavely curved toward the viewer. Light reflecting member 30_SOpposite surface 31 of_SIs similar to the bent state described in example 1.

Image display apparatus 11 of example 2_SHaving an image display device 11 as described in example 1_SIs substantially similar in configuration and structure, except for the image display apparatus 11 of example 2_SExcluding the light reflecting elements. Therefore, detailed description is omitted.

Meanwhile, in the conventional display apparatus, the first and second light reflecting members 230R and 230L are formed by usingIn the case where the planar member is formed, as shown in the conceptual views of fig. 8 and 9, the first and second light reflecting members 230R and 230L need to be spaced apart from each other. For example, PA for pupil center line of right eye_RRepresentation and pupil center line of left eye by PA_LIn the case shown, PA_RAnd PA_LDistance L between₀Is 60 mm. Further, at PA from the first light reflecting member 230R_LThe distance from the point of collision therewith to the end of the right ear side of the first light reflection member 230R and PA from the second light reflection member 230L_RL is the distance from the point of collision with the second light reflecting member 230L to the end on the left ear side_outPA representing, and from the first light reflecting member 230R_RThe distance from the point of collision therewith to the nose-side end of the first light reflecting member 230R and PA from the second light reflecting member 230L_LThe distance L from the point of collision with the second light reflecting member 230L to the end on the nose side thereof_inIn the case shown, this should be as follows. Accordingly, a distance L between the end of the first light reflection member 230R on the nose side and the end of the second light reflection member 230L on the nose side₀' as follows. Further, the distances L between the first and second light reflecting members 230R and 230L and the second optical devices 52R and 52L₁And the distance L between the second optical devices 52R and 52L and the pupil 21 of the observer₂As follows.

L₀＝60mm

L_out＝30mm

L_in＝20mm

L₀’＝20mm

L₁＝50mm

L₂＝15mm

In such a case, as shown in the conceptual diagram of fig. 8, in a virtual plane parallel to the XZ plane, the observer can only see information relative to the PA_RAnd PA_LOn the nasal side 45^°And 55 at the ear side^°An image within the range of (1). Therefore, in particular, an image displayed on the nose side and appearing to exist at a position close to the observerDifficult to visually identify to an observer or, alternatively, not visually identifiable. Further, there is a difference between the range of the image on the nose side viewed by the right eye and the range of the image on the ear side viewed by the left eye, and there is a difference between the range of the image on the nose side viewed by the left eye and the range of the image on the ear side viewed by the right eye. The field of view (FOV) (also known as field of view or viewing angle) under which the maximum area visible through the lens is 100^°。

On the other hand, in example 2 or example 1, the parameters in the above-described conventional display device may be changed as follows.

L₀＝60mm

L_out＝30mm

L_in＝30mm

L₀’＝0mm

L₁＝40mm

L₂＝15mm

Under these conditions, as shown in the conceptual diagram of fig. 7, in a virtual plane parallel to the XZ plane, the observer can view the relative PA_RAnd PA_LOn the nasal side 65^°And 65 on the ear side^°An image within the range of (1). That is, the observer can visually recognize the image displayed on the nose side and appearing to exist at a position close to the observer easily and reliably. Further, there is no difference between the range of the image on the nose side viewed by the right eye and the range of the image on the ear side viewed by the left eye, and there is no difference between the range of the image on the nose side viewed by the left eye and the range of the image on the ear side viewed by the right eye. Furthermore, the FOV under these conditions was 130^°。

As described above, in the image display device or the display device of example 2 or example 1, since the light reflection member (or the first light reflection member and the second light reflection member) is curved, it is possible to provide the image display device or the display device having a configuration and structure in which a difference is less likely to occur between the range of an image viewed by the right eye and the range of an image viewed by the left eye. Also, the observer can visually recognize the image displayed on the nose side and appearing to exist at a position close to the observer easily and reliably, and the FOV can be enlarged.

Although the image display device or the display device of the present disclosure has been described based on the preferred examples, the image display device or the display device of the present disclosure is not limited to these examples. The configuration and structure of the image display device or the display device described in the examples are illustrative and may be changed as appropriate, and the material used for manufacturing the image display device or the display device is also illustrative and may be changed as appropriate. The concept of a light reflecting element of the present disclosure also includes the concept of a light diffusing element.

In some cases, in example 1, the light reflecting member or the like may include a planar member. Alternatively, as shown in a conceptual diagram of the image display apparatus in fig. 6, in example 1 or example 2 (note that fig. 6 is a conceptual diagram of the image display apparatus of example 1), the light reflection member 130_SOpposite surface 31 of_SMay comprise a portion of a cylindrical surface. The schematic cross-sectional view taken along arrows B-B of fig. 6 is similar to fig. 2. In the light reflection member 130_SIncluding a portion of the cylindrical surface, a distance D from the axis of rotation extending in the Y-axis direction to another line segment or curve₁Can be r₀To 3r₀And specifically 30 mm. Light reflecting member 130_SMay be rectangular in shape, and the light reflection member 130_SThe size of the orthogonal projection image of (b) may be, for example, 10mm to 100mm, specifically 30mm, in the first direction, and may be, for example, 10mm to 100mm, specifically 30mm, in the second direction.

Alternatively, the image display apparatus 11 according to the first aspect of the present disclosure including the above-described preferred arrangement_SAs shown in fig. 3A (which is a conceptual view of a modification of the light reflecting element of the image display apparatus of example 1), a light reflecting element 40_SMay be constituted by a smooth convex portion 43 constituting the slave image forming apparatus 20_SThe light of the micro area of the emitted image passes through the convex portion 43Incident and emitted. Alternatively, as shown in fig. 3B (which is a conceptual view of a modification of the light reflecting element of the image display apparatus of example 1), the light reflecting element 40_SMay be formed of a smooth concave portion 44 formed from the image forming apparatus 20_SLight of a minute region of the emitted image is reflected from the concave portion 44. A shape when the convex portion 43 or the concave portion 44 is cut along a virtual plane including an axis of the convex portion 43 or the concave portion 44 is, for example, a part of a circle (arc); however, the shape is not limited to such a shape. When the slave image forming apparatus 20 is constituted_SWhen light of a minute region of the emitted image enters the convex portion 43 or the concave portion 44, the light (incident light) is reflected by the bottom face of the convex portion 43 or the concave portion 44, and is emitted and reflected as emission light from the convex portion 43 or the concave portion 44 toward the pupil 12 of the observer. It is only required that the specific shape of the convex portion 43 or the concave portion 44 is a shape that enables such incident light and emitted light to be obtained. The light reflection layer 32 is preferably formed on the bottom surface of the convex portion 43. As a method for producing the convex portion 43 or the concave portion 44, or alternatively, as a method for producing the light reflection member 30_SOpposite surface 31 of_SA method of forming the convex portion 43 or the concave portion 44 thereon, a nano-imprinting method may be exemplified. Light reflecting member 30 having convex portion 43 or concave portion 44_SIt may also be referred to as a Fresnel screen.

In the case where the outer shape of the pixel in the image forming apparatus is the same as that of the light reflecting element, it is preferable to take a measure to prevent moire (interference fringes). The regularly arranged halftone dots (pixels and light reflecting elements of the image forming apparatus) may interfere with each other to generate a fringe pattern (moire). That is, moire occurs in the case where the pixel pitch and the arrangement pitch of the light reflecting elements in the image forming apparatus periodically overlap. In order to suppress the occurrence of moire, it is only required that the shape of the light reflecting element is designed so that interference fringes are reduced, or that the light reflecting element is appropriately rotated and arranged.

In addition, it is preferable that the first optical device 51_SAnd an image forming apparatus 20_SIs arranged in a non-parallel state, that is, from the first optical device 51_SIs easily provided at the light reflecting member 40_SFirst optical device 51 for forming an image_SAnd a slave image forming apparatus 20_SThe direction of the centrally emitted light is in a non-parallel state. As shown in the conceptual diagram of fig. 11, in the first optical device 51_SAnd an image forming apparatus 20_SIn the case of being arranged in a state of being parallel to each other, it may be difficult to make the slave first optical device 51_SThe emitted light is reflected at the light reflecting element 40_STo form an image. On the other hand, as shown in the conceptual diagram of fig. 10, in the first optical device 51_SAnd an image forming apparatus 20_SArranged in a state of being non-parallel to each other by using the Scheimpflug principle, from the first optical device 51_SThe emitted light is easily reflected at the light reflecting member 40_STo form an image. Note that in fig. 10 and 11, the focal plane is indicated by a dotted line. However, in fig. 10, the focusing surface and the opposite surface 31 indicated by the dotted line are actually overlapped.

Further, as shown in a conceptual diagram of fig. 12, the image display apparatus 11_SMay comprise an imaging device 71, the imaging device 71 having a first optical arrangement 51_SThe same type of optical system as the lens system of (a). Accordingly, the image captured by the imaging device 71 can be displayed on the image forming device 20_SThe above. That is, the captured image may be captured by the image forming apparatus 20_SReproduced as is. Note that fig. 12 is a conceptual diagram similar to fig. 2. Specifically, the imaging device 71 is attached to the outer surface of the front member 66 of the housing 60. For example, in the first optical device 51_SIn the case of being constituted by an f θ fisheye lens system, it is preferable that the optical system (lens system) of the imaging device 71 is also constituted by an f θ fisheye lens system.

Note that the present disclosure may also have the following configuration.

[A01] < image display apparatus: first aspect >)

An image display apparatus comprising:

an image forming apparatus; and a light-reflecting member for reflecting light,

on an opposite surface of the light reflection member to the observer, a plurality of light reflection elements are provided in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction, wherein,

light constituting a minute region of an image emitted from the image forming apparatus is incident on the light reflecting element and emitted from the light reflecting element toward the pupil of the observer.

[A02] The image display apparatus according to [ a01], wherein an opposite face of the light reflection member is concavely curved toward the viewer.

[A03] The image display apparatus according to [ a02], wherein the opposite face of the light reflection member includes a part of a spherical face, a part of an aspherical face, or a part of a cylindrical face.

[A04] The image display apparatus according to any one of [ A01] to [ A03], wherein,

the light reflecting element includes a columnar member through which light constituting a minute region of an image emitted from the image forming apparatus is incident and emitted, and

a material having a lower refractive index than that of a material constituting the columnar member is filled between the light reflecting element and the light reflecting element.

[A05] The image display apparatus according to [ a04], wherein a sectional shape when the columnar member is cut along a virtual plane orthogonal to an axis of the columnar member is a rectangle, a polygon, a circle, or an ellipse.

[A06] The image display device according to any one of [ a01] to [ a03], wherein the light reflecting element includes a smooth convex portion through which light constituting a minute region of an image emitted from the image forming device is incident and emitted.

[A07] The image display apparatus according to any one of [ a01] to [ a03], wherein the light reflecting element includes a smooth concave portion from which light constituting minute regions of an image emitted from the image forming apparatus is reflected.

[A08] The image display apparatus according to any one of [ a01] to [ a04], wherein a first optical device for enlarging an image emitted from the image forming apparatus is provided between the image forming apparatus and the light reflection member.

[A09] The image display apparatus according to [ a08], wherein the first optical device and the image forming apparatus are arranged in a state of being non-parallel to each other.

[A10] The image display apparatus according to [ a08] or [ a09], wherein in a case where an opening diameter of the first optical device is denoted by ss ', a coefficient (1.2 or more and 2.0 or less) is denoted by "a", a distance from a center of the light reflecting member to an opening position of the first optical device is denoted by f', and a wavelength of incident light entering the first optical device from the image forming apparatus is denoted by "λ", the following relationship is satisfied:

ss’＝a(f’·λ)^1/2

[A11] the image display apparatus according to any one of [ A08] to [ A10], wherein,

the opposite surface of the light reflecting member includes a part of a spherical surface or a part of an aspherical surface, and

the first optical device includes an f θ fisheye lens system.

[A12] The image display apparatus according to [ a11], further comprising an imaging apparatus having an optical system of the same type as the lens system of the first optical device.

[A13] The image display apparatus according to any one of [ a01] to [ a12], wherein a second optical device for converging light emitted from the light reflecting member on a pupil of an observer is provided between the light reflecting member and the observer.

[A14] The image display apparatus according to any one of [ a01] to [ a13], wherein an image emitted from the image forming apparatus is projected on an entire opposite face of the light reflection member.

[A15] The image display device according to any one of [ a01] to [ a14], wherein, when light emitted from the image forming device is incident on and emitted from the light reflecting element, a sign of a vector of the light incident on the light reflecting element is opposite to a sign of a vector of the light emitted from the light reflecting element.

[A16] The image display apparatus according to any one of [ A01] to [ A15], wherein the image display apparatus is accommodated in a housing.

[A17] The image display apparatus according to [ a16], wherein the antireflection member is provided on an inner surface of the casing.

[A18] The image display apparatus according to any one of [ a01] to [ a14], wherein the image display apparatus is worn on a head of a viewer.

[B01] < image display apparatus: second aspect >

An image display apparatus comprising:

an image forming apparatus; and a light reflecting member, wherein,

the light reflecting member is curved, and

an image emitted from the image forming apparatus is reflected by the light reflecting member and reaches the pupil of the observer.

[B02] The image display apparatus according to [ B01], wherein an opposite face of the light reflection member is concavely curved toward the viewer.

[B03] The image display apparatus according to [ B02], wherein the opposite face of the light reflection member comprises a part of a spherical face, a part of an aspherical face, or a part of a cylindrical face.

[B04] The image display apparatus according to any one of [ B01] to [ B03], wherein a first optical device for enlarging an image emitted from the image forming apparatus is provided between the image forming apparatus and the light reflection member.

[B05] The image display apparatus according to [ B04], wherein the first optical device and the image forming apparatus are arranged in a state of being non-parallel to each other.

[B06] The image display apparatus according to [ B04] or [ B05], wherein in a case where an opening diameter of the first optical device is denoted by ss ', a coefficient (1.2 or more and 2.0 or less) is denoted by "a", a distance from a center of the light reflecting member to an opening position of the first optical device is denoted by f', and a wavelength of incident light entering the first optical device from the image forming apparatus is denoted by "λ", the following relationship is satisfied:

ss’＝a(f’·λ)^1/2

[B07] the image display apparatus according to any one of [ B04] to [ B06], wherein,

the opposite surface of the light reflecting member includes a part of a spherical surface or a part of an aspherical surface, and

the first optical device includes an f θ fisheye lens system.

[B08] The image display apparatus according to [ B07], further comprising an imaging apparatus having an optical system of the same type as the lens system of the first optical device.

[B09] The image display apparatus according to any one of [ B01] to [ B08], wherein a second optical device for converging light emitted from the light reflecting member on a pupil of an observer is provided between the light reflecting member and the observer.

[B10] The image display apparatus according to any one of [ B01] to [ B09], wherein an image emitted from the image forming apparatus is projected on an entire opposite face of the light reflection member.

[B11] The image display apparatus according to any one of [ B01] to [ B10], wherein the image display apparatus is accommodated in a housing.

[B12] The image display apparatus according to [ B11], wherein the antireflection member is provided on an inner surface of the casing.

[B13] The image display apparatus according to any one of [ B01] to [ B12], wherein the image display apparatus is worn on a head of a viewer.

[C01] < display device: first aspect >)

A display device, comprising: a first image display device; and a second image display device, the first image display device and the second image display device being worn on a head of an observer,

the first image display apparatus includes a first image forming apparatus and a first light reflecting member,

on an opposed surface of the first light reflecting member opposed to the observer, a plurality of first light reflecting elements are provided in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction,

the second image display apparatus includes a second image forming apparatus and a second light reflecting member,

on an opposite surface of the second light reflecting member to the observer, a plurality of second light reflecting elements are provided in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction,

light constituting a minute region of an image emitted from the first image forming apparatus enters the first light reflecting element and is emitted from the first light reflecting element toward one pupil of an observer, and

the light constituting the minute region of the image emitted from the second image forming apparatus enters the second light reflecting element and is emitted from the second light reflecting element toward the other pupil of the observer.

[C02] < display device: second aspect >

A display device, comprising: a first image display device; and a second image display device, the first image display device and the second image display device being worn on a head of an observer,

the first image display apparatus includes a first image forming apparatus and a first light reflecting member,

the second image display apparatus includes a second image forming apparatus and a second light reflecting member,

the first light reflecting member is curved and,

an image emitted from the first image forming apparatus is reflected by the first light reflecting member, and reaches one pupil of an observer,

the second light reflecting member is curved, and

the pattern emitted from the second image forming apparatus is reflected by the second light reflecting member and reaches the other pupil of the observer.

[C03] The display apparatus of [ C01] or [ C02], wherein,

the first image display apparatus and the second image display apparatus are accommodated in a housing, and

the partition is disposed between a region of the housing accommodating the first image display device and a region of the housing accommodating the second image display device.

[D01] < < light reflecting Member >)

A light reflecting member comprising: a plurality of light reflecting elements provided in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction on an opposed surface opposed to an observer, wherein,

a minute region of an image emitted from the image forming apparatus is incident on the light reflecting element, and is emitted from the light reflecting element toward the pupil of the observer.

List of reference marks

10 display device

11、11R、11L、11_SImage display apparatus

12 pupil of observer

20、20R、20L、20_SImage forming apparatus with a toner supply unit

30、30R、30L、30_S、130_SLight reflection member

31、31R、31L、31_SOpposed surfaces of light reflecting members

40、40R、40L、40_SLight reflection element

41 columnar member

42 second material

43 convex part

44 concave part

51R、51L、51_SFirst optical device

52R、52L、52_SSecond optical device

60 case

61 top surface of the housing

62 first side member of the housing

63 second side member of the housing

64 lower surface member of the housing

65 casing opposed surface member

65A opening part

66 housing front member

67 partition plate

71 image forming apparatus