阅读说明：本技术 一种加工中心主轴机构及车床装置 (Machining center spindle mechanism and lathe device ) 是由 王绍存 刘尚玉 倪铨兴 陈涛 龙厚淼 孙法政 于 2020-06-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明适用于加工设备技术领域,提供了一种加工中心主轴机构及车床装置。该加工中心主轴机构包括设有打刀缸的立加主轴,立加主轴转动设置在主轴箱上；定位键；主轴箱内设有编码器；传动组件；用于使编码器进行与立加主轴同步的运转；刹车组件,用于对立加主轴进行刹车操作。该加工中心主轴机构具有功能强大、结构紧凑、调整方便、夹持力稳定、故障率低等优势。(The invention is suitable for the technical field of machining equipment, and provides a machining center spindle mechanism and a lathe device. The machining center spindle mechanism comprises a vertical spindle provided with a unclamping cylinder, and the vertical spindle is rotatably arranged on a spindle box; a positioning key; an encoder is arranged in the spindle box; a transmission assembly; the device is used for enabling the encoder to run synchronously with the vertical machining main shaft; and the brake assembly is used for braking the vertical spindle. The main shaft mechanism of the machining center has the advantages of being powerful in function, compact in structure, convenient to adjust, stable in clamping force, low in failure rate and the like.)

1. A machining center spindle mechanism comprises a vertical spindle provided with a unclamping cylinder, wherein the vertical spindle is rotatably arranged on a spindle box; be equipped with the encoder in the headstock, the machining center main shaft still includes:

a transmission assembly; when the vertical machining main shaft rotates, the transmission assembly drives the encoder to synchronously operate with the vertical machining main shaft, so that the encoder can detect the rotating speed and the rotating angle of the vertical machining main shaft;

and the brake assembly is used for braking the vertical machining spindle according to the data detected by the encoder.

2. A machining center spindle mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the transmission assembly comprises:

a second pulley;

a second synchronous belt; the vertical machining main shaft is connected with the second belt pulley through the second synchronous belt;

an encoder shaft; one end of the encoder shaft is connected with the second belt pulley;

a coupling; one end of the encoder shaft, which is far away from the second belt pulley, is connected with the coupler; the coupler is connected with the encoder.

3. The machining center spindle mechanism of claim 1, wherein the brake assembly comprises:

the brake disc is used for performing brake operation on the vertical machining main shaft; the brake disc is connected with the vertical spindle;

the brake is used for braking the brake disc in an embracing mode so that the brake disc can brake the vertical spindle; the brake is arranged on the spindle box; the brake is electrically connected with the encoder;

the backing plate is used for adjusting the gap between the brake and the brake disc; the backing plate is arranged on one side of the brake disc.

4. The machining center spindle mechanism according to claim 1, further comprising a first drive assembly, the first drive assembly comprising:

a first motor;

a first pulley; the first belt pulley is connected with the first motor;

a first synchronization belt; the vertical machining main shaft is connected with the first belt pulley through the first synchronous belt.

5. A lathe apparatus comprising a column and a lathe spindle, characterized by further comprising a machining center spindle mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 4 provided on one side of the column and a second drive unit for linearly moving the machining center spindle mechanism.

6. The lathe apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a second drive assembly, the second drive assembly comprising:

a second motor; the second motor is arranged on the upright post;

a lead screw; the screw rod is connected with the second motor;

a nut; when the second motor drives the lead screw to rotate, the nut makes linear motion on the lead screw; the spindle box is connected with the screw nut.

7. The lathe apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a tool magazine assembly, the tool magazine assembly comprising:

at least one tool shank; the processing cutter is arranged on the cutter handle;

a cutter head; the cutter handle is arranged on the cutter head; the cutter head is arranged on the vertical machining main shaft.

8. The lathe apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a tool changer assembly, the tool changer assembly comprising:

the mechanical arm is used for inserting the cutter handle into the vertical machining main shaft from the cutter head; the mechanical arm is arranged on one side of the cutter head.

9. The lathe apparatus as claimed in claim 5, further comprising:

a work table; a positioning T-shaped groove which can be adjusted at any position is arranged on the workbench; the workbench is of a cross sliding table structure; the lathe spindle is rotatably arranged on the workbench.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of machining equipment, and particularly relates to a machining center spindle mechanism and a lathe device.

Background

The main shaft is an executing part for realizing rotary motion of the machine tool and is used for driving a workpiece or a cutter to rotate on the machine tool. The main shaft part of the machining center consists of a main shaft power component, a transmission component and a main shaft component, is one of important executing parts of the forming movement of the machining center, and needs to have high running precision, long-term precision retentivity and precision stability of long-time running. The existing machining center main shaft generally clamps a rotary cutter, a few special purposes can clamp a workpiece, the main shaft is an executive part for realizing rotary motion, and the main shaft has no indexing brake function, cannot clamp a turning tool, cannot realize a turning function and further cannot realize a milling and turning combined machining process.

Disclosure of Invention

An embodiment of the present invention provides a spindle mechanism of a machining center, which aims to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

The embodiment of the invention is realized in such a way that a machining center spindle mechanism comprises a vertical spindle provided with a unclamping cylinder, wherein the vertical spindle is rotatably arranged on a spindle box, and a positioning key for positioning the tool tip angle of a machining tool is arranged on the vertical spindle; be equipped with the encoder in the headstock, the machining center main shaft still includes:

a transmission assembly; when the vertical machining main shaft rotates, the transmission assembly drives the encoder to synchronously operate with the vertical machining main shaft, so that the encoder can detect the rotating speed and the rotating angle of the vertical machining main shaft;

and the brake assembly is used for braking the vertical machining spindle according to the data detected by the encoder.

Preferably, the transmission assembly comprises:

a second pulley;

a second synchronous belt; the vertical machining main shaft is connected with the second belt pulley through the second synchronous belt;

an encoder shaft; one end of the encoder shaft is connected with the second belt pulley;

a coupling; one end of the encoder shaft, which is far away from the second belt pulley, is connected with the coupler; the coupler is connected with the encoder.

Preferably, the brake assembly includes:

the brake disc is used for performing brake operation on the vertical machining main shaft; the brake disc is connected with the vertical spindle;

the brake is used for braking the brake disc in an embracing mode so that the brake disc can brake the vertical spindle; the brake is arranged on the spindle box; the brake is electrically connected with the encoder;

the backing plate is used for adjusting the gap between the brake and the brake disc; the backing plate is arranged on one side of the brake disc.

Preferably, the machining center spindle mechanism further includes a first drive assembly, the first drive assembly including:

a first motor;

a first pulley; the first belt pulley is connected with the first motor;

a first synchronization belt; the vertical machining main shaft is connected with the first belt pulley through the first synchronous belt.

Preferably, the machining center spindle mechanism further includes:

an encoder support; the encoder is arranged on the encoder bracket; the encoder bracket is fixedly arranged on the spindle box.

Another object of an embodiment of the present invention is to provide a lathe apparatus including a column and a lathe spindle, the lathe apparatus further including any one of the machining center spindle mechanisms described above and a second drive unit for linearly moving the machining center spindle mechanism, the machining center spindle mechanism being provided on one side of the column.

Preferably, the second drive assembly comprises:

a second motor; the second motor is arranged on the upright post;

a lead screw; the screw rod is connected with the second motor;

a nut; when the second motor drives the lead screw to rotate, the nut makes linear motion on the lead screw; the spindle box is connected with the screw nut.

Preferably, the lathe apparatus further includes a magazine assembly, the magazine assembly including:

at least one tool shank; the processing cutter is arranged on the cutter handle;

a cutter head; the cutter handle is arranged on the cutter head; the cutter head is arranged on the vertical machining main shaft.

Preferably, the lathe apparatus further comprises a tool changer assembly, the tool changer assembly comprising:

a mechanical arm; when tool changing is carried out, the mechanical arm inserts the tool shank into the vertical machining main shaft from the tool disc; the mechanical arm is arranged on one side of the cutter head.

Preferably, the lathe apparatus further includes:

a work table; a positioning T-shaped groove which can be adjusted at any position is arranged on the workbench; the workbench is of a cross sliding table structure; the lathe spindle is rotatably arranged on the workbench.

According to the spindle mechanism of the machining center provided by the embodiment of the invention, the consistency of the tool tip when a machining tool changes tools each time is realized by arranging the positioning key; the rigidity of the processing cutter is kept by arranging the brake assembly; the encoder is arranged, so that the detection of the rotation angle of the opposite spindle is realized; the transmission component which enables the encoder and the main shaft to rotate synchronously is arranged, so that the encoder can detect the rotation angle of the main shaft more accurately; the vertical machining spindle can be provided with a milling cutter, a turning tool and a boring cutter, so that the machining range of the spindle mechanism of the machining center is enlarged, and the machining capacity of the spindle mechanism of the machining center is enlarged; in addition, the structural layout of the main shaft mechanism of the machining center is simplified, the production and manufacturing cost is reduced, and the main shaft mechanism can be popularized and applied.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a spindle mechanism of a machining center according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a vertical spindle with a positioning key according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a partial schematic structural view of a lathe apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a lathe apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the drawings: 1. a tool magazine assembly; 2. a mechanical arm; 3. a main spindle box; 4. vertically adding a main shaft; 5. a lathe spindle; 6. a work table; 7. a column; 8. a positioning key; 9. a second motor; 10. a lead screw; 11. a knife striking cylinder; 12. a brake; 13. a brake disc; 14. a base plate; 15. a first motor; 16. a first pulley; 17. a first synchronization belt; 18. a second pulley; 19. a second synchronous belt; 20. an encoder shaft; 21. an encoder support; 22. a coupling; 23. an encoder.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Specific implementations of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a schematic structural diagram of a spindle mechanism of a machining center provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes a vertical spindle 4 provided with a unclamping cylinder 11, the vertical spindle 4 is rotatably disposed on a spindle box 3, and the vertical spindle 4 is provided with a positioning key 8 for positioning a tool tip angle of a machining tool; be equipped with encoder 23 in the headstock 3, the machining center main shaft still includes:

a transmission assembly; when the vertical spindle 4 rotates, the transmission assembly drives the encoder 23 to synchronously operate with the vertical spindle 4, so that the encoder 23 detects the rotating speed and the rotating angle of the vertical spindle 4;

and the brake component is used for braking the vertical spindle 4 according to the data detected by the encoder 23.

In practical application, the positioning key 8 is arranged at one end of the vertical spindle 4, and the other end of the vertical spindle 4 is used for mounting a machining tool, which can be any one of the machining tools. Use the lathe tool as the example, add main shaft 4 immediately and drive encoder 23 through drive assembly carry out with its synchronous rotation, encoder 23 adds main shaft 4 pivoted angle to detect, and when adding main shaft 4 immediately and rotate the angle that the navigation key 8 on adding main shaft 4 immediately was fixed a position, the brake subassembly adds main shaft 4 and carries out the brake operation. The machining center spindle mechanism realizes consistency of tool tips when a machining tool changes tools each time by arranging a positioning key; the rigidity of the processing cutter is kept by arranging the brake assembly; the encoder is arranged, so that the detection of the rotation angle of the opposite spindle is realized; the transmission component which enables the encoder and the main shaft to rotate synchronously is arranged, so that the encoder can detect the rotation angle of the main shaft more accurately; the vertical machining spindle can be provided with a milling cutter, a turning tool and a boring cutter, so that the machining range of the spindle mechanism of the machining center is enlarged, and the machining capacity of the spindle mechanism of the machining center is enlarged; in addition, the structural layout of the main shaft mechanism of the machining center is simplified, the production and manufacturing cost is reduced, and the main shaft mechanism can be popularized and applied.

As shown in fig. 1, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the transmission assembly includes:

a second pulley 18;

a second timing belt 19; the vertical spindle 4 is connected with the second belt pulley 18 through the second synchronous belt 19;

an encoder shaft 20; one end of the encoder shaft 20 is connected to the second pulley 18;

a coupling 22; one end of the encoder shaft 20 far away from the second belt pulley 18 is connected with the coupler 22; the coupling 22 is connected to the encoder 23.

Specifically, when adding main shaft 4 immediately and rotating, add main shaft 4 immediately and drive second belt pulley 18 through second hold-in range 19 and rotate, second belt pulley 18 drives encoder shaft 20 and rotates, and encoder shaft 20 drives shaft coupling 22 and rotates, and shaft coupling 22 drives encoder 23 and operates, and encoder 23 and add main shaft 4 synchronous operation immediately this moment to realize adding the accurate detection of main shaft 4 rotational speed and angle immediately. In addition, the synchronous belt transmission has the characteristics of accurate transmission ratio and no slip.

As shown in fig. 1, the brake assembly according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes:

a brake disc 13 for performing a braking operation on the vertical spindle 4; the brake disc 13 is connected with the vertical spindle 4;

the brake 12 is used for braking the brake disc 13 in an embracing mode so that the brake disc 13 can brake the vertical spindle 4; the brake 12 is arranged on the spindle box 3; the brake 12 is electrically connected with the encoder 23;

a pad 14 for adjusting a gap between the brake 12 and the brake disc 13; the pad 14 is disposed on one side of the brake disc 13.

Specifically, the brake 12 realizes braking and rotation of the vertical spindle 4 by clamping and loosening the brake disc 13. By providing the shim plate 14, it is achieved that the gap between the brake 12 and the brake disc 13 remains uniform from place to place.

As shown in fig. 1, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the machining center spindle mechanism further includes a first driving assembly, and the first driving assembly includes:

a first motor 15;

a first pulley 16; the first belt pulley 16 is connected with the first motor 15;

a first synchronization belt 17; the vertical shaft 4 is connected with the first belt pulley 16 through the first synchronous belt 17.

Specifically, a first motor 15 drives a first belt pulley 16 to rotate, and the first belt pulley 16 drives the vertical spindle 4 to rotate through a first synchronous belt 17.

As shown in fig. 1, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the machining center spindle mechanism further includes:

an encoder bracket 21; the encoder 23 is arranged on the encoder bracket 21; the encoder bracket 21 is fixedly arranged on the spindle box 3.

Specifically, the encoder support 21 is fixedly mounted on the headstock 3, the encoder shaft 20 is connected to the inside of the encoder support 21 through a bearing and a sleeve, and the encoder 23 is fixedly mounted on the encoder support 21.

Another object of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide a lathe apparatus, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, including a column 7 and a lathe spindle 5, the lathe apparatus further including any one of the machining center spindle mechanisms described above and a second driving unit for linearly moving the machining center spindle mechanism, the machining center spindle mechanism being disposed on one side of the column 7.

In practical application, a part to be machined is placed on the lathe spindle 5, and any one of a milling cutter, a turning tool and a boring cutter can be clamped on the machining center spindle mechanism. The second driving component drives the main shaft mechanism of the machining center to do vertical linear motion so as to process the part to be processed.

As shown in fig. 3, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second driving assembly includes:

a second electric motor 9; the second motor 9 is arranged on the upright post 7;

a lead screw 10; the screw rod is connected with the second motor 9;

a nut; when the second motor 9 drives the screw rod 10 to rotate, the nut makes linear motion on the screw rod; the spindle box 3 is connected with the screw nut.

Specifically, the second motor 9 drives the screw rod 10 to rotate, the nut makes up-and-down linear motion on the rotating screw rod, and the nut drives the spindle box 3 to make up-and-down linear motion.

As shown in fig. 4, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lathe apparatus further includes a tool magazine assembly 1, and the tool magazine assembly 1 includes:

at least one tool shank; the processing cutter is arranged on the cutter handle; a positioning key is arranged on the knife handle;

a cutter head; the cutter handle is arranged on the cutter head; the cutter head is arranged on the vertical machining main shaft 4.

Specifically, the machining tool may be any one of a milling cutter, a turning tool, and a boring tool. Taking a turning tool as an example, the turning tool is arranged on the tool handle, and the tool tip of the turning tool is parallel to the positioning key on the tool handle. When the tool is changed, the tool changing assembly inserts the tool handle into the vertical machining spindle 4, and the tool tip of the turning tool is positioned through the positioning key 8 on the vertical machining spindle 4, so that the vertical machining spindle 4 clamps the turning tool.

As shown in fig. 4, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lathe apparatus further includes a tool changer assembly including:

a mechanical arm 2; when tool changing is carried out, the mechanical arm 2 inserts the tool shank into the vertical machining main shaft 4 from the tool disc; the mechanical arm 2 is arranged on one side of the cutter head; and a positioning key is arranged on the mechanical arm 2.

Specifically, when changing the tool, the mechanical arm 2 inserts the handle of a knife that is equipped with the processing cutter into the vertical spindle 4, and the unclamping cylinder 11 is tight to inserting the handle of a knife in the vertical spindle 4, accomplishes the tool changing operation, and when unloading the sword, unclamping tight handle of a knife is again loosened to unclamping cylinder 11, accomplishes the operation of unloading the sword to in the tool changing of next time.

As shown in fig. 4, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lathe apparatus further includes:

a work table 6; a positioning T-shaped groove which can be adjusted at any position is arranged on the workbench 6; the workbench 6 is of a cross sliding table structure; the lathe spindle 5 is rotatably arranged on the worktable 6.

Specifically, the cross sliding table is a combined sliding table formed by combining two groups of linear sliding tables according to the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, and the cross sliding table structure of the workbench 6 enables parts on the workbench 6 to move along the X axis and also move along the Y axis. The working table 6 can be controlled independently or can be controlled in linkage with the vertical spindle 4.

In summary, the machining tool is firstly installed on the garage component, and the positioning key 8 on the vertical spindle 4 is arranged on the end face of the vertical spindle 4. The turning tool is arranged on the tool handle, and the tool tip of the turning tool is parallel to the positioning key on the tool handle. When the tool is changed, the mechanical arm 2 inserts the tool handle into the vertical spindle 4, the tool beating cylinder 11 clamps the tool handle inserted into the vertical spindle 4, and the tool tip of the turning tool is positioned through the positioning key 8 on the vertical spindle 4, so that the vertical spindle 4 can clamp the turning tool. First belt pulley 16 of first motor 15 drive rotates, first belt pulley 16 drives through first hold-in range 17 and immediately adds main shaft 4 and rotate, immediately add main shaft 4 when rotating, immediately add main shaft 4 and drive second belt pulley 18 through second hold-in range 19 and rotate, second belt pulley 18 drives encoder axle 20 and rotates, encoder axle 20 drives shaft coupling 22 and rotates, shaft coupling 22 drives encoder 23 and operates, encoder 23 is at this moment with immediately adding main shaft 4 synchronous operation to realize the accuracy detection of adding main shaft 4 rotational speed and angle immediately. When the vertical spindle 4 rotates to the angle positioned by the positioning key 8 on the vertical spindle 4, the brake disc 13 is clamped by the brake 12 to realize the braking of the vertical spindle 4. In addition, the second motor 9 drives the screw rod 10 to rotate, the nut makes up-and-down linear motion on the rotating screw rod, and the nut drives the spindle box 3 to make up-and-down linear motion, and further drives the vertical spindle 4 to make up-and-down linear motion. The invention breaks through the limitation of the structure and the application of the traditional machining center, the vertical spindle 4 clamps the turning tool, the tool magazine component 1 is provided with the turning tool handle, the lathe spindle 5 with the positioning brake function is arranged on the workbench 6, the vertical spindle 4, the tool magazine and the lathe spindle 5 form a milling and turning composite machining center, and the standard machining center can be recovered when the lathe spindle 5 is not used. The invention integrates the indexing orientation and turning functions of the vertical spindle, has the advantages of strong function, compact structure, convenient adjustment, stable clamping force, low failure rate and the like, and particularly has the advantages of short production period, low manufacturing cost, stable and reliable performance, easy learning and easy meeting of operation and the like, thereby having high popularization value.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.