阅读说明：本技术 一种抗磨损耐候型碳滑板的制备方法 (Preparation method of wear-resistant weather-resistant carbon sliding plate ) 是由 雷江晶 于 2020-05-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种抗磨损耐候型碳滑板的制备方法,属于受电弓滑板制备技术领域。本发明首先将竹片、稻草研磨混合,研磨后进行蒸汽爆破处理制得汽爆产物,随后将汽爆产物与盐酸混合搅拌,加入高锰酸钾混合制得氧化混合液,再将混合液过滤,再用碱液浸泡高温处理制得热反应液,然后将热反应液与蒙脱土混合滴加盐酸调节pH值高温加热制得反应浆液,再将反应浆液浓缩蒸发高温处理制得热反应纤维,最后将热反应纤维与刚玉以及其它原料混合、热压、高温静置,出料制得抗磨损耐候型碳滑板,碳滑板的化学稳定性和耐候性增强,碳滑板在恶劣天气条件下保持良好的导电性能,碳滑板的机械强度和抗磨损性能也有效提高。(The invention discloses a preparation method of an abrasion-resistant weather-resistant carbon sliding plate, and belongs to the technical field of preparation of pantograph sliding plates. The method comprises the steps of firstly grinding and mixing bamboo chips and straws, carrying out steam explosion treatment after grinding to obtain steam explosion products, then mixing and stirring the steam explosion products and hydrochloric acid, adding potassium permanganate to mix to obtain oxidation mixed liquor, filtering the mixed liquor, soaking the mixture in alkali liquor to obtain thermal reaction liquor through high-temperature treatment, then mixing the thermal reaction liquor and montmorillonite, dropwise adding hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH value, heating at high temperature to obtain reaction slurry, concentrating and evaporating the reaction slurry to obtain thermal reaction fibers through high-temperature treatment, finally mixing the thermal reaction fibers, corundum and other raw materials, carrying out hot pressing, standing at high temperature, and discharging to obtain the wear-resistant and weather-resistant carbon sliding plate.)

1. A preparation method of an abrasion-resistant weather-resistant carbon sliding plate is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation steps:

putting thermal reaction fibers, alpha-alumina powder, corundum, phenolic resin and elemental silicon powder into a stirring kettle, uniformly mixing, putting into a mold, putting the mold into a hot press, pressing for 30-40 min at the temperature of 200-240 ℃ and the pressing pressure of 60-100 MPa to obtain a prefabricated product, putting the prefabricated product into a high-temperature furnace, standing for 3-5 h at the temperature of 800-1000 ℃, discharging and cooling to obtain the wear-resistant weather-resistant carbon sliding plate;

the specific preparation steps of the thermal reaction fiber are as follows:

(1) putting the oxidized mixed solution into a suction filter, performing suction filtration to obtain filter residues, cleaning the filter residues for 3-5 times by using distilled water to obtain a reaction product, putting the reaction product and a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10-15% into a reaction kettle, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 100-110 ℃, and stirring for 50-60 min by using a stirrer at the rotating speed of 100-120 r/min to obtain a thermal reaction solution;

(2) putting the thermal reaction liquid and montmorillonite powder into a stirring kettle, stirring for 15-20 min at the rotating speed of 600-700 r/min to obtain a mixture, putting the mixture into a three-neck flask, dropwise adding hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 4-8% into the three-neck flask to adjust the pH value to 6.4-6.8, putting the three-neck flask into a resistance heating sleeve, raising the temperature in the heating sleeve to 100-110 ℃, and standing at the constant temperature for 60-80 min to obtain reaction slurry;

(3) putting the reaction slurry into a rotary evaporator, evaporating and concentrating under the conditions that the rotating speed is 200-240 r/min and the temperature is 60-70 ℃ until the mass of the product is constant to obtain a concentrated product, putting the concentrated product into a muffle furnace, raising the temperature in the muffle furnace to 110-120 ℃, preheating at a constant temperature for 60-80 min, filling argon into the muffle furnace, raising the temperature in the furnace again, carrying out high-temperature treatment for 1-2 h, grinding and sieving with a 50-mesh sieve to obtain the thermal reaction fiber;

the specific preparation steps of the oxidation mixed liquor are as follows:

(1) putting bamboo chips and straws into a planetary ball mill, grinding for 30-40 min under the conditions that the rotating speed is 300-350 r/min and the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixed material, putting the mixed material into a steam explosion tank, filling steam with the temperature of 150-170 ℃ into the steam explosion tank until the air pressure in the tank is increased to 1.6-1.8 MPa, standing for 50-60 min at constant temperature and constant pressure, and opening the tank opening of the steam explosion tank after standing to obtain a steam explosion product;

(2) putting the steam explosion product and hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 5-9% into a beaker, stirring for 30-40 min at the rotating speed of 300-350 r/min by using a stirrer to prepare mixed slurry, adding potassium permanganate powder into the beaker, and continuously stirring for 30-40 min at the rotating speed of 300-350 r/min by using the stirrer to prepare an oxidation mixed solution.

2. The method for preparing an abrasion-resistant and weather-resistant carbon skid plate as set forth in claim 1, wherein: preferably, the weight parts of the thermal reaction fiber are 6-8 parts, the alpha-alumina powder is 0.2-0.4 part, the corundum is 40-45 parts, the phenolic resin is 1.2-1.6 parts, and the simple substance silicon powder is 0.8-1.0 part.

3. The method for preparing an abrasion-resistant and weather-resistant carbon skid plate as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the reaction product in the specific preparation step (1) of the thermal reaction fiber to a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10-15% is 1: 10.

4. The method for preparing an abrasion-resistant and weather-resistant carbon skid plate as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the thermal reaction liquid to the montmorillonite powder in the specific preparation step (2) of the thermal reaction fiber is 20: 1.

5. The method for preparing an abrasion-resistant and weather-resistant carbon skid plate as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the high-temperature treatment in the specific preparation step (3) of the thermal reaction fiber is 250-270 ℃.

6. The method for preparing an abrasion-resistant and weather-resistant carbon skid plate as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the mass ratio of the bamboo chips to the straws in the specific preparation step (1) of the oxidation mixed solution is 5: 1.

7. The method for preparing an abrasion-resistant and weather-resistant carbon skid plate as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the kind of the bamboo chips in the specific preparation step (1) of the oxidation mixture is more preferably moso bamboo, purple bamboo or lophatherum gracile.

8. The method for preparing an abrasion-resistant and weather-resistant carbon skid plate as set forth in claim 1, wherein: and (3) specifically preparing the oxidation mixed solution, wherein the mass ratio of the steam explosion product to the hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 5-9% in the step (2) is 1: 10.

9. The method for preparing an abrasion-resistant and weather-resistant carbon skid plate as set forth in claim 1, wherein: specifically, the potassium permanganate powder added to the beaker in the step (2) of preparing the oxidation mixed solution is 1.0 to 1.2% by mass of the mixed slurry.

Technical Field

The invention discloses a preparation method of an abrasion-resistant weather-resistant carbon sliding plate, and belongs to the technical field of preparation of pantograph sliding plates.

Background

Since the 70 s in the 20 th century, refractory workers introduced graphite, which has a high thermal conductivity, good toughness and poor slag wettability, into refractory materials, and developed an oxide-carbon composite refractory material having excellent mechanical properties, thermal shock stability and slag erosion resistance, which is widely used for furnace lining materials of converters, electric furnaces, steel ladles and the like and continuous casting systems. As a commonly used continuous casting sliding plate material, the aluminum carbon sliding plate is concerned by more technicians for research on improving the service performance and reducing the carbon content.

The high-speed train for electric traction is in continuous friction contact with a contact net lead through a pantograph carbon slide plate system, leads current on a power grid, and transmits the current to a locomotive power system to maintain normal operation of an electric locomotive. The pantograph carbon slide plate of the electric locomotive is an important current collecting component for leading electric energy into the locomotive, and with the development of electrified railways and high-speed railways, the problems of reducing the abrasion of a railway contact network lead and improving the wear resistance and the self-lubricating property of the slide plate are always important research projects in the development of railways in the world.

Pantograph slide plates mainly have three main types: powder metallurgy slide, carbon slide, dip metal carbon slide. The carbon sliding plate is developed in developed industrial countries, the carbon sliding plate replaces a powder metallurgy sliding plate, the abrasion to the contact net lead is effectively reduced, and the service life of the lead is prolonged. The metal-impregnated carbon sliding plate is made by impregnating a carbon sliding plate with a copper alloy under hot isostatic pressing, has good electrical conductivity and impact toughness, and is high in strength and hardness, but has higher abrasion to a contact net wire than the carbon sliding plate. At present, the carbon sliding plate is still the first choice material widely adopted by railway departments at home and abroad, and the carbon sliding plate is a sliding plate taking carbon-graphite as a base material, has good electric conduction, heat conduction and wear-resisting self-lubricating property, and has the characteristics of good spark inhibition, no deformation at high temperature and small abrasion to a contact net wire. The pure carbon sliding plate has good self-lubricating property and anti-wear property, can continuously supply a lubricating carbon film on a lead when the pure carbon sliding plate is in contact with the copper to rub the lead, and has the effect of reducing the wear of the lead. However, the pure carbon sliding plate has low breaking strength and poor impact resistance, and the sliding plate is easy to break or crack when meeting hard points of the lead in operation, and particularly in rainy seasons and humid areas, the sliding plate is easy to be partially grooved, and bow net accidents occur.

At present, the domestic pantograph carbon slide plate is usually manufactured by using graphite, coke powder, carbon black, pitch coke, petroleum coke and the like as main raw materials and a proper binder through the traditional paste hot extrusion, roasting and carbonizing processes. However, carbon and graphite have the common defect of high resistance, the resistance of the base material after roasting is generally 40-80 m omega m, the compressive strength and the impact strength are low, microcracks in the product are more, the product is easy to break, the resistivity is too high, and the performance is reduced due to easy heating, so that the product performance is unstable, the performance of the carbon and graphite base material can not meet the operation requirement of a high-speed motor train unit, and the mass production is difficult to realize.

The document "development and use of nitrided-fired aluminum-zirconium-carbon sliding plate" (wei-wei, chestnut crystal, liuxin red. development and use of nitrided-fired aluminum-zirconium-carbon sliding plate. refractory material 2011, 45 (1): 33-36) introduces a method for forming SiC and Si2N2O at high temperature in nitrogen atmosphere to enable the aluminum-zirconium-carbon sliding plate to reach higher performance indexes, but the preparation process is complex.

Therefore, the carbon sliding plate with good weather resistance, high mechanical strength and good abrasion resistance is necessary to the technical field of preparation of pantograph sliding plates.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: aiming at the problems that the conductivity of the carbon sliding plate is greatly influenced under the condition of severe weather due to poor weather resistance of the existing carbon sliding plate and the carbon sliding plate is easy to damage due to poor mechanical strength and poor abrasion resistance of the carbon sliding plate, the preparation method of the abrasion-resistant weather-resistant carbon sliding plate is provided.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a preparation method of an abrasion-resistant weather-resistant carbon sliding plate is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation steps:

putting thermal reaction fibers, alpha-alumina powder, corundum, phenolic resin and elemental silicon powder into a stirring kettle, uniformly mixing, putting into a mold, putting the mold into a hot press, pressing for 30-40 min at the temperature of 200-240 ℃ and the pressing pressure of 60-100 MPa to obtain a prefabricated product, putting the prefabricated product into a high-temperature furnace, standing for 3-5 h at the temperature of 800-1000 ℃, discharging and cooling to obtain the wear-resistant weather-resistant carbon sliding plate;

the specific preparation steps of the thermal reaction fiber are as follows:

(1) putting the oxidized mixed solution into a suction filter, performing suction filtration to obtain filter residues, cleaning the filter residues for 3-5 times by using distilled water to obtain a reaction product, putting the reaction product and a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10-15% into a reaction kettle, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 100-110 ℃, and stirring for 50-60 min by using a stirrer at the rotating speed of 100-120 r/min to obtain a thermal reaction solution;

(2) putting the thermal reaction liquid and montmorillonite powder into a stirring kettle, stirring for 15-20 min at the rotating speed of 600-700 r/min to obtain a mixture, putting the mixture into a three-neck flask, dropwise adding hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 4-8% into the three-neck flask to adjust the pH value to 6.4-6.8, putting the three-neck flask into a resistance heating sleeve, raising the temperature in the heating sleeve to 100-110 ℃, and standing at the constant temperature for 60-80 min to obtain reaction slurry;

(3) putting the reaction slurry into a rotary evaporator, evaporating and concentrating under the conditions that the rotating speed is 200-240 r/min and the temperature is 60-70 ℃ until the mass of the product is constant to obtain a concentrated product, putting the concentrated product into a muffle furnace, raising the temperature in the muffle furnace to 110-120 ℃, preheating at a constant temperature for 60-80 min, filling argon into the muffle furnace, raising the temperature in the furnace again, carrying out high-temperature treatment for 1-2 h, grinding and sieving with a 50-mesh sieve to obtain the thermal reaction fiber;

the specific preparation steps of the oxidation mixed liquor are as follows:

(1) putting bamboo chips and straws into a planetary ball mill, grinding for 30-40 min under the conditions that the rotating speed is 300-350 r/min and the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixed material, putting the mixed material into a steam explosion tank, filling steam with the temperature of 150-170 ℃ into the steam explosion tank until the air pressure in the tank is increased to 1.6-1.8 MPa, standing for 50-60 min at constant temperature and constant pressure, and opening the tank opening of the steam explosion tank after standing to obtain a steam explosion product;

(2) putting the steam explosion product and hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 5-9% into a beaker, stirring for 30-40 min at the rotating speed of 300-350 r/min by using a stirrer to prepare mixed slurry, adding potassium permanganate powder into the beaker, and continuously stirring for 30-40 min at the rotating speed of 300-350 r/min by using the stirrer to prepare an oxidation mixed solution.

Preferably, the weight parts of the thermal reaction fiber are 6-8 parts, the alpha-alumina powder is 0.2-0.4 part, the corundum is 40-45 parts, the phenolic resin is 1.2-1.6 parts, and the simple substance silicon powder is 0.8-1.0 part.

The mass ratio of the reaction product in the specific preparation step (1) of the thermal reaction fiber to a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10-15% is 1: 10.

The mass ratio of the thermal reaction liquid to the montmorillonite powder in the specific preparation step (2) of the thermal reaction fiber is 20: 1.

The temperature of the high-temperature treatment in the specific preparation step (3) of the thermal reaction fiber is 250-270 ℃.

The mass ratio of the bamboo chips to the straws in the specific preparation step (1) of the oxidation mixed solution is 5: 1.

The kind of the bamboo chips in the specific preparation step (1) of the oxidation mixture is more preferably moso bamboo, purple bamboo or lophatherum gracile.

And (3) specifically preparing the oxidation mixed solution, wherein the mass ratio of the steam explosion product to the hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 5-9% in the step (2) is 1: 10.

Specifically, the potassium permanganate powder added to the beaker in the step (2) of preparing the oxidation mixed solution is 1.0 to 1.2% by mass of the mixed slurry.

The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:

(1) the invention firstly grinds and mixes bamboo chips and straws, carries out steam explosion treatment after grinding to obtain steam explosion products, then mixes and stirs the steam explosion products and hydrochloric acid, adds potassium permanganate to mix to obtain oxidation mixed liquor, then filters the mixed liquor, soaks in alkali liquor to obtain thermal reaction liquid, then mixes the thermal reaction liquid and montmorillonite, adds hydrochloric acid to adjust pH value, heats at high temperature to obtain reaction slurry, then concentrates and evaporates the reaction slurry to obtain thermal reaction fiber, finally mixes the thermal reaction fiber with corundum and other raw materials, carries out hot pressing and high temperature standing, and discharges to obtain the wear-resistant and weather-resistant carbon sliding plate. The carbon slide plate has the advantages that a large number of carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups are generated to form a large number of hydrogen bond adsorption and other chemical bonding force adsorption effects, and the adsorption is dispersed in bamboo fiber components, so that the adhesion performance of the bamboo fiber components is enhanced, other components in the carbon slide plate are bonded and adsorbed, carbonization is performed in the subsequent high-temperature process, organic components form covalent bond adsorption effects in the carbonization process to further enhance the bonding effect among the components, the carbonization of the bamboo fiber is coated on the surfaces of the components of the carbon slide plate to protect the carbon slide plate, the chemical stability and the weather resistance of the carbon slide plate are enhanced, the carbon slide plate keeps good conductivity under the severe weather condition, meanwhile, the carbon fiber components after carbonization of the bamboo fiber have good toughness and mechanical performance, a complex cross-linked structure is formed on the surface of the carbon slide plate, and the mechanical strength and the wear resistance of;

(2) according to the invention, potassium permanganate is used for carrying out oxidation treatment on fiber components, so that the number of carboxyl groups on the surface of the fibers is increased, montmorillonite particles are favorably bonded, and metal ions dissociated from parts are complexed and adsorbed, thereby the mechanical strength and the mechanical property of the bamboo fibers are enhanced, carbon fiber components generated by carbonizing the bamboo fibers contain a large number of metal oxide components, and the carbon fiber components are coated with other components of the carbon sliding plate, so that the weather resistance and the wear resistance of the carbon sliding plate are enhanced, and the application prospect is wide.

Detailed Description

Putting bamboo chips and straws into a planetary ball mill according to the mass ratio of 5:1, grinding for 30-40 min under the conditions that the rotating speed is 300-350 r/min and the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1, sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a mixed material, putting the mixed material into a steam explosion tank, filling steam with the temperature of 150-170 ℃ into the steam explosion tank until the air pressure in the tank is increased to 1.6-1.8 MPa, standing for 50-60 min at constant temperature and constant pressure, and opening the tank opening of the steam explosion tank after standing to obtain a steam explosion product; putting the steam explosion product and hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 5-9% into a beaker according to the mass ratio of 1:10, stirring for 30-40 min at the rotating speed of 300-350 r/min by using a stirrer to prepare mixed slurry, adding potassium permanganate powder with the mass of 1.0-1.2% of the mixed slurry into the beaker, and continuously stirring for 30-40 min at the rotating speed of 300-350 r/min by using the stirrer to prepare an oxidation mixed solution; putting the oxidized mixed solution into a suction filter, performing suction filtration to obtain filter residues, cleaning the filter residues for 3-5 times by using distilled water to obtain a reaction product, putting the reaction product and a sodium hydroxide solution with the mass fraction of 10-15% into a reaction kettle according to the mass ratio of 1:10, raising the temperature in the reaction kettle to 100-110 ℃, and stirring by using a stirrer at the rotating speed of 100-120 r/min for 50-60 min to obtain a hot reaction solution; putting the thermal reaction liquid and montmorillonite powder into a stirring kettle according to the mass ratio of 20:1, stirring for 15-20 min under the condition that the rotating speed is 600-700 r/min to obtain a mixture, putting the mixture into a three-neck flask, dropwise adding hydrochloric acid with the mass fraction of 4-8% into the three-neck flask to adjust the pH value to 6.4-6.8, putting the three-neck flask into a resistance heating sleeve, raising the temperature in the heating sleeve to 100-110 ℃, and standing at the constant temperature for 60-80 min to obtain reaction slurry; putting the reaction slurry into a rotary evaporator, evaporating and concentrating under the conditions that the rotating speed is 200-240 r/min and the temperature is 60-70 ℃ until the mass of the product is constant to obtain a concentrated product, putting the concentrated product into a muffle furnace, raising the temperature in the muffle furnace to 110-120 ℃, preheating at a constant temperature for 60-80 min, filling argon into the muffle furnace, raising the temperature in the muffle furnace to 250-270 ℃, carrying out high-temperature treatment for 1-2 h, and grinding through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain the thermal reaction fiber; according to the weight parts, 6-8 parts of the thermal reaction fibers, 0.2-0.4 part of alpha-alumina powder, 40-45 parts of corundum, 1.2-1.6 parts of phenolic resin and 0.8-1.0 part of simple substance silicon powder are put into a stirring kettle, mixed uniformly and put into a mold, the mold is placed into a hot press, the mold is pressed for 30-40 min at the temperature of 200-240 ℃ and the pressing pressure of 60-100 MPa to obtain a prefabricated product, the prefabricated product is put into a high-temperature furnace, kept stand for 3-5 h at the temperature of 800-1000 ℃, and the wear-resistant and weather-resistant carbon sliding plate is obtained after discharging and cooling.