阅读说明：本技术 一种液膜秒染高性能纤维的方法 (Method for dyeing high-performance fiber in liquid film second ) 是由 徐卫林 夏良君 盛丹 付专 周思婕 张春华 王运利 于 2020-06-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种液膜秒染高性能纤维的方法,首先将高性能纤维浸泡于由N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、LiCl、有色纳米粒子配置而成的染液中,然后对预处理后的高性能纤维进行高温油浴处理,通过N,N-二甲基乙酰胺较小的分子结构及酰胺羰基强的电负性,可有效使高性能纤维中的纤维表面粗糙度和孔隙率增加,从而有利于吸附更多的有色粒子,同时利用油浴染色过程中高温高压蒸汽作用在高性能纤维表面的孔洞内产生一定的内外压差,并协同N,N-二甲基乙酰胺与LiCl的作用,使得有色纳米粒子进一步被吸入到高性能纤维的内层,以实现高性能纤维快速染色。本发明有效提高了高性能纤维的印花上染效率及固色率,有利于拓展高性能纤维的应用。(The invention discloses a method for dyeing high-performance fiber by liquid film second, firstly soaking the high-performance fiber in dye liquor prepared by N, N-dimethylacetamide, LiCl and colored nano particles, then the pretreated high-performance fiber is subjected to high-temperature oil bath treatment, the surface roughness and the porosity of the fiber in the high-performance fiber can be effectively increased through the smaller molecular structure of the N, N-dimethylacetamide and the strong electronegativity of the amide carbonyl group, thereby being beneficial to adsorbing more colored particles, simultaneously utilizing the action of high-temperature high-pressure steam in the oil bath dyeing process to generate a certain internal and external pressure difference in the holes on the surface of the high-performance fiber, and the synergistic action of N, N-dimethylacetamide and LiCl ensures that the colored nanoparticles are further absorbed into the inner layer of the high-performance fiber, so as to realize the rapid dyeing of the high-performance fiber. The invention effectively improves the printing and dyeing efficiency and the fixation rate of the high-performance fiber and is beneficial to expanding the application of the high-performance fiber.)

1. A method for dyeing high-performance fiber in a liquid film second is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, pretreatment of high-performance fibers: soaking the high-performance fiber in a dye solution prepared from N, N-dimethylacetamide, LiCl and colored particles, taking out, carrying out suction drying by using filter paper or padding by using a padder, and controlling the liquid carrying rate of the treated high-performance fiber to be 80-120%;

s2, high-temperature oil bath dyeing: and (5) placing the high-performance fiber pretreated in the step (S1) in an oil bath for high-temperature treatment, taking out, cooling, washing and drying to obtain the high-performance fiber dyed by the liquid film second.

2. The method for liquid film second dyeing of high performance fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S1, the dye liquor is prepared by the following components by mass ratio:

85-100% of N, N-dimethylacetamide

LiCl 0.01～10％

0.01 to 5% of colored particles.

3. The method for liquid film second dyeing of high performance fiber according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the colored particles are one or more of organic disperse dyes or inorganic nano pigments.

4. The method for liquid film second dyeing of high performance fiber according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the soaking time is 50-100S.

5. The method for liquid film second dyeing of high performance fiber according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the temperature is 165-250 ℃ and the time is 1-30S.

6. The method for liquid film second dyeing of high performance fiber according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the washing is: washing with ethanol, detergent, and clear water, ultrasonic washing with 50% ethanol water solution for 10min, and washing with running water.

7. The method for liquid film second dyeing of high performance fiber according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the drying temperature is 70-90 ℃.

8. The method for liquid film second dyeing of high performance fiber according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the oil used in the oil bath includes but is not limited to vegetable oil or silicone oil.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein said vegetable oil includes but is not limited to one or more of rapeseed oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, blend oil; the silicone oil includes but is not limited to one or more of methyl silicone oil, phenyl silicone oil and vinyl silicone oil.

10. The method of liquid film second dyeing high performance fiber according to claim 1, wherein said high performance fiber is one of meta-aramid, para-aramid, polyimide or polyarylate.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of textile printing and dyeing, in particular to a method for dyeing high-performance fibers by liquid film second.

Background

With the development of social economy, the application of high-performance fibers is more and more extensive, and due to the particularity of the structure and the performance, the high-performance fibers have excellent performance which the conventional fibers do not have, so that the high-performance fibers are widely applied to the fields of aerospace, protection, military, industry and the like, but the application development of the high-performance fibers is seriously influenced by the poor dyeability of the high-performance fibers. Therefore, the method has important significance for improving the dyeing property of high-performance fibers.

The common high-performance fibers mainly comprise meta-aramid fibers, para-aramid fibers, polyimide fibers, polyarylate fibers and the like. So far, numerous scholars at home and abroad carry out a great deal of research on the dyeing methods of the high-performance fibers, such as plasma treatment and grafting treatment on the high-performance fibers or improvement on the dyeing process of the high-performance fibers, and addition of a leveling agent, an accelerating agent, a carrier and the like. These methods solve the problem of difficulty in dyeing high-performance fibers to some extent, but still do not achieve satisfactory dyeing effects. Further, how to improve the strength of the dyed fiber after the modification treatment is still a problem to be solved in the future. Therefore, the deep research on the dyeing modification of the high-performance fiber has profound significance for widening the application field of the high-performance fiber.

Patent application No. CN201210049369.2 discloses a method for dyeing aromatic polyamide fiber, which comprises pretreating aromatic polyamide fiber with sodium hydroxide, and then carrying out carrier dyeing, wherein in the pretreatment step of the method, sodium hydroxide hydrolyzes terminal anhydride of aromatic polyamide fiber molecule into carboxyl group, thereby increasing dyeing seat. The method has the defects that the strength of the fiber is greatly influenced when the high-concentration sodium hydroxide is used for treating the fiber at high temperature for a long time, and the method has serious damage to equipment and is not beneficial to the actual production requirement of a factory.

Also, for example, patent applications CN201910295485.4, cn201910296047.x, CN201910295474.6, CN201910295483.5 and cn201910295519.x, all relate to dyeing aramid fibers with LiCl/DMAc system. The method solves the problem of difficult dyeing of high-performance fibers to a certain extent, but has the problems of long time consumption in the dyeing process, low printing and dyeing efficiency and the like, so that the satisfactory dyeing effect is still difficult to achieve.

The method adopts N, N-dimethylacetamide with the concentration of 40g/L as a carrier under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure to play a role in improving the dyeing efficiency of disperse dyes, and the technology can improve the dye uptake of the disperse dyes on high-performance fibers. The disadvantage is that the dye structure is destroyed under high temperature conditions, thus making it difficult to dye high performance fabrics with bright colors.

The publication of China publication (printing and dyeing) at publication time No. 01 of 2010 discloses a plasma pretreated aramid fiber fabric pigment printing performance, and the publication introduces that an aramid fiber fabric is treated by adopting an air plasma low-pressure glow discharge point and then is subjected to pigment printing. The dry and wet grinding fastness and the brushing resistance fastness of the treated aramid fiber printing sample are improved. The disadvantages are that: the paint is prepared by adhering pigment particles to the surface of fibers in the fabric by using an adhesive, the interface fastness is weak, and the color paste film is easy to fall off.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for dyeing high-performance fibers by liquid film second.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a method for dyeing high-performance fiber in a liquid film second comprises the following steps:

s1, pretreatment of high-performance fibers: soaking the high-performance fiber in a dye solution prepared from N, N-dimethylacetamide, LiCl and colored nanoparticles, taking out, carrying out suction drying by using filter paper or padding by using a padder, and controlling the liquid carrying rate of the treated high-performance fiber to be 80-120%;

s2, high-temperature oil bath dyeing: and (4) placing the high-performance fiber pretreated in the step (S1) in an oil bath for high-temperature treatment, taking out, cooling, washing and drying to obtain the meta-aramid fiber dyed by the liquid film second.

The mechanism for dyeing meta-aramid fiber by liquid film in seconds is as follows: firstly, putting the dipped high-performance fiber with lithium chloride, N-dimethylacetamide and colored nanoparticles into an oil pan for frying, wherein a large amount of solvent adsorbed on the high-performance fiber escapes after the frying is started, a large amount of porous channels are rapidly formed on the surface of the high-performance fiber, and the solvent in the high-performance fiber is gradually converted into steam; forming positive pressure gradient to make steam continuously flow out from the crack of the high-performance fiber, the open capillary tube and the like, thereby forming bubbles on the surface of the high-performance fiber, forming an air film by the bubbles which continuously flow out, and forming large holes at the position where the solvent is violently evaporated in the high-performance fiber, thereby leading colored particles to enter the large holes in the frying stage; meanwhile, cracks, pits and the like existing on the surface of the high-performance fiber can also play the same role as the large holes; after the frying is finished, the steam pressure inside the surface holes of the high-performance fibers is reduced due to the temperature reduction, so that the internal and external pressure difference is generated, and the colored particles are further absorbed into the inner layer of the high-performance fibers. When the high-performance fiber sample is taken out from the oil bath, steam in the hole on the surface of the high-performance fiber sample is in a superheated state; as the cooling process proceeds, the superheated steam is gradually cooled to saturation, and as the temperature continues to decrease, the steam saturation pressure also decreases. The outside of the hole is atmospheric pressure, so that pressure difference is formed between the inside and the outside of the hole, and the colored nano particles adsorbed on the surface of the high-performance fiber after being impregnated are sucked into the high-performance fiber; meanwhile, an oily liquid film is formed on the surface of the high-performance fiber in the frying process, and the colored nanoparticles are blocked in the high-performance fiber, so that the adsorption rate and the dye uptake of the colored nanoparticles on the high-performance fiber are improved.

As a further limitation of the above technical solution, in step S1, the dye liquor is prepared by the following components by mass:

85-100% of N, N-dimethylacetamide

LiCl 0～10％

0-5% of colored nanoparticles.

As a further limitation of the above technical solution, the colored particles are one or a combination of more of organic disperse dyes or inorganic nano pigments.

As a further limitation of the above technical solution, in step S1, the soaking time is 50 to 100 seconds.

As a further limitation of the above technical solution, in step S2, the temperature is 165-250 ℃ and the time is 1-30S.

As a further limitation of the above technical solution, in step S2, the washing is: washing with ethanol, detergent, and clear water, ultrasonic washing with 50% ethanol water solution for 10min, and washing with running water.

As a further limitation of the above technical solution, in step S2, the drying temperature is 70 to 90 ℃.

As a further limitation of the above technical solution, in step S2, the oil used for the fry dyeing includes, but is not limited to, rapeseed oil and silicone oil.

As a further limitation of the above technical solution, the vegetable oil includes but is not limited to one or more of rapeseed oil, peanut oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, blend oil; the silicone oil includes but is not limited to one or more of methyl silicone oil, phenyl silicone oil and vinyl silicone oil.

As a further limitation of the above technical solution, the high-performance fiber is one of meta-aramid, para-aramid, polyimide, or polyarylate.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) according to the invention, lithium chloride, N-dimethylacetamide and functional nanoparticles are adsorbed on the high-performance fiber through impregnation treatment, and the hydrogen bond acting force among macromolecules of the high-performance fiber can be effectively destroyed to enter the fiber through the small molecular structure of the N, N-dimethylacetamide and the strong electronegativity of amide carbonyl, and a new hydrogen bond is formed with functional groups on the macromolecules of the high-performance fiber, so that the roughness and porosity of the surface of the high-performance fiber are increased, and more colored nanoparticles can be adsorbed, and the preparation is prepared for the subsequent coloring; meanwhile, based on the regulation and control of N, N-dimethylacetamide on fiber surface macromolecular chains in the high-performance fibers during pretreatment, the macromolecular chains on the fiber surfaces are relatively loose, at the moment, the high-performance fibers are put into an oil pan for frying, the colored nanoparticles are gathered on the fiber surfaces and inside under the driving of heat, meanwhile, the solvent inside the high-performance fibers is gradually converted into steam, and a positive pressure gradient is formed, so that the steam continuously flows out from cracks, open capillary pipelines and the like of the high-performance fibers, bubbles are formed on the surfaces of the high-performance fibers, the bubbles which continuously flow out form air films, large holes are formed at the positions where the solvent in the high-performance fibers is violently evaporated, and the colored nanoparticles can enter the large holes in the frying stage; when the frying is finished and the cooling process is finished, the vapor pressure in the holes on the surface of the high-performance fiber is reduced due to the temperature reduction, so that the internal and external pressure difference is generated, and the colored nanoparticles are further absorbed into the inner layer of the high-performance fiber under the action of N, N-dimethylacetamide and LiCl, so that the dyeing of the high-performance fiber is realized.

(2) The method realizes the rapid dyeing of the high-performance fiber by means of the action of high-temperature and high-pressure steam in the frying process and the cooperation of LiCl and N, N-dimethylacetamide, effectively improves the printing and dyeing efficiency and the color fixing rate of the high-performance fiber, is favorable for expanding the application of the high-performance fiber, and has wide market prospect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscopy characterization of meta-aramid after liquid film second dyeing in example 1.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention; reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.

Surface color depth generally refers to the perceived depth that the color of an opaque substance gives people. Influenced by e.g. the content of coloured substances, the physical state of the coloured substances, the optical properties of the solid surface, etc. The magnitude of the apparent color depth value can generally be expressed in terms of the function of the Kubela-Munk (Kubela-Munk), i.e.:

in the formula: k is the absorption coefficient of the measured object; r_∞Approaching an infinite thick reflection factor for the sample; and S is the scattering coefficient of the measured object.

In general, when calculating the K/S value, the value at the maximum absorption wavelength is often selected. The larger the K/S value is, the higher the color yield of the dyed textile is, and the darker the color is; conversely, the lower the K/S value, the lower the color yield of the dyed textile, and the lighter the color.

In the following detailed description of the invention, the measurements were carried out using an electronic colorimeter model SF600PSUS from DATACOLOR, 10 ℃ field of view, D65 light source, samples folded in 8 layers, and the average value was taken after each sample was measured 8 times at different positions.

The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the attached drawings.