阅读说明：本技术 一种耐烧蚀的高热效率等离子体炬及其使用方法 (Ablation-resistant high-thermal-efficiency plasma torch and using method thereof ) 是由 陈小林 高岭 王卫民 张百灵 李博 惠晓晖 陈威仰 王阳 于 2019-12-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种耐烧蚀的高热效率等离子体炬及其使用方法,包括阴极冷却管道、气体管道、阳极冷却管道、阴极部件、阳极部件、阳极接线柱和阴极接线柱,其中气体管道同轴套装于阴极冷却管道外侧,其中阳极冷却管道同轴套装于气体管道外侧,所述阴极冷却管道一端设有阴极接线柱,其中阳极冷却管道与阴极冷却管道同一端设有阳极接线柱,其中阳极接线柱和阴极接线柱分别外接直流电源,所述阳极冷却管道轴向尺寸大于阴极冷却管道的轴向尺寸,其中气体管道轴向尺寸与阴极冷却管道的轴向尺寸相同,所述阴极冷却管道另一端设有阴极部件,其中阳极冷却管道另一端设有设有阳极部件,阴极部件与阳极部件相邻并存在间隙,阳极部件为包覆磁环的铜衬钼结构。(The invention discloses an ablation-resistant high-thermal-efficiency plasma torch and a using method thereof, and the ablation-resistant high-thermal-efficiency plasma torch comprises a cathode cooling pipeline, a gas pipeline, an anode cooling pipeline, a cathode component, an anode binding post and a cathode binding post, wherein the gas pipeline is coaxially sleeved outside the cathode cooling pipeline, the anode cooling pipeline is coaxially sleeved outside the gas pipeline, one end of the cathode cooling pipeline is provided with the cathode binding post, the anode binding post is arranged at the same end of the anode cooling pipeline and the cathode cooling pipeline, the anode binding post and the cathode binding post are respectively externally connected with a direct-current power supply, the axial size of the anode cooling pipeline is larger than that of the cathode cooling pipeline, the axial size of the gas pipeline is the same as that of the cathode cooling pipeline, the other end of the cathode cooling pipeline is provided with the cathode component, the cathode part and the anode part are adjacent and have a gap, and the anode part is a copper lining molybdenum structure for coating the magnetic ring.)

1. An ablation resistant high thermal efficiency plasma torch, characterized by: the device comprises a cathode cooling pipeline, a gas pipeline (4), an anode cooling pipeline, a cathode component (3), an anode component (7), an anode binding post (9) and a cathode binding post (10), wherein the gas pipeline (4) is coaxially sleeved outside the cathode cooling pipeline, the anode cooling pipeline is coaxially sleeved outside the gas pipeline (4), one end of the cathode cooling pipeline is provided with the cathode binding post (10), the anode binding post (9) is arranged at the same end of the anode cooling pipeline and the cathode cooling pipeline, the anode binding post (9) and the cathode binding post (10) are respectively externally connected with a direct current power supply, the axial size of the anode cooling pipeline is larger than that of the cathode cooling pipeline, the axial size of the gas pipeline (4) is the same as that of the cathode cooling pipeline, the other end of the cathode cooling pipeline is provided with the cathode component (3), the other end of the anode cooling pipeline is provided with an anode part (7), the cathode part (3) and the anode part (7) are adjacent and have a gap, the anode part (7) is a copper lining molybdenum structure wrapping a magnetic ring (73), the copper lining molybdenum structure is composed of a copper outer shell (71) and a molybdenum lining (72), the molybdenum lining (72) is assembled inside the copper outer shell (71) without a gap, and the magnetic ring (73) is sleeved on the outer surface of the copper lining molybdenum structure.

2. An ablation resistant highly thermally efficient plasma torch as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the shape of the copper lining molybdenum structure is cylindrical, horn-shaped or dumbbell-shaped, wherein the thickness of the molybdenum lining (72) is 1/4-1/3 of the thickness of the copper shell (71), and the roughness Ra of the inner surface of the copper lining molybdenum structure is not more than 0.8.

3. An ablation resistant highly thermally efficient plasma torch as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the copper lining molybdenum structure is in a horn shape or a dumbbell shape, and one end with small size is close to the cathode component (3).

4. An ablation resistant highly thermally efficient plasma torch as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the axial size of a molybdenum lining (72) in the copper lining molybdenum structure is smaller than that of a copper outer shell (71), wherein the material of one side, close to the cathode component (3), of the inner wall of the copper lining molybdenum structure is the same as that of the copper outer shell (71), and the molybdenum lining (72) is arranged on one side, far away from the cathode component (3), of the inner wall of the copper lining molybdenum structure.

5. An ablation-resistant highly thermally efficient plasma torch as claimed in claim 4 wherein: the molybdenum lining (72) is made of rare earth molybdenum alloy material, wherein the rare earth molybdenum alloy material is molybdenum-based alloy material added with 0.01% of neodymium, the copper shell (71) is made of copper material, and the magnetic ring (73) is made of permanent magnet not less than 2T.

6. An ablation resistant highly thermally efficient plasma torch as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the cathode cooling pipeline comprises a cathode water inlet channel (1) and a cathode water return channel (2), wherein the cathode water return channel (2) is coaxially sleeved outside the cathode water inlet channel (1), the end part of the cathode water inlet channel (1) close to the opening on one side of the cathode component (3) and connected with the cathode water return channel (2) forms a cathode cooling water flow loop, the inner wall of the end part of the cathode water return channel (2) is provided with the cathode component (3), a cathode binding post (10) is connected with the cathode component (3) through the pipe wall of the cathode water return channel (2), and the cathode component (3) is made of tungsten alloy materials.

7. An ablation resistant highly thermally efficient plasma torch as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the anode cooling pipeline comprises an anode water inlet channel (5) and an anode water return channel (6), wherein the anode water return channel (6) is coaxially sleeved outside the anode water inlet channel (5), the end part of the anode water inlet channel (5) close to one side opening of an anode part (7) and connected with the anode water return channel (6) forms an anode cooling water flow loop, the inner wall of the end part of the anode water return channel (6) is provided with an anode part (7), and an anode binding post (9) is connected with the anode part (7) through the pipe wall of the anode water return channel (6).

8. An ablation resistant highly thermally efficient plasma torch as claimed in claim 1 wherein: and a swirler (11) is arranged at one end of the gas pipeline (4) close to the anode part (7), wherein gas passes through the swirler (11) through the gas pipeline (4) and then flows out from a gap between the cathode part (3) and the anode part (7), and when the cathode part (3) and the anode part (7) are respectively externally connected with a direct current power supply, a potential difference is formed, so that the gas flowing between the cathode part (3) and the anode part (7) is ionized to form a plasma arc (8).

9. An ablation resistant highly thermally efficient plasma torch as claimed in claim 8 wherein: the gas is high-purity nitrogen with the purity of not less than 99.99 percent.

10. A method of using an ablation resistant high thermal efficiency plasma torch as claimed in any of claims 1 to 9 comprising the steps of:

step 1), an anode binding post (9) and a cathode binding post (10) are respectively externally connected with a direct current power supply, so that a potential difference is formed between a cathode part (3) and an anode part (7);

step 2) respectively introducing cooling water into the cathode cooling pipeline and the anode cooling pipeline, wherein the cooling water flows through the cathode water inlet channel (1) and the cathode water return channel (2) to cool the cathode part (3), and the cooling water flows through the anode water inlet channel (5) and the anode water return channel (6) to cool the anode part (7);

and 3) gas passes through the swirler (11) through the gas pipeline (4) and then flows out from the gap between the cathode part (3) and the anode part (7), and the gas flowing through the cathode part (3) and the anode part (7) is ionized into a plasma arc (8) by the potential difference between the cathode part (3) and the anode part (7).

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plasma heating equipment, and particularly relates to an ablation-resistant high-thermal-efficiency plasma torch and a using method thereof.

Background

The plasma torch is also called a plasma generator or a plasma heating system, generates high-temperature gas through electric arc, can work in an oxidation, reduction or inert environment, and can provide a heat source for industrial furnaces with various functions such as gasification, cracking, reaction, melting, smelting and the like.

The plasma torch mainly ionizes gas flowing through the plasma torch by electric arcs generated between the cathode part and the anode part, the gas is converted into plasma in the ionization process, and the gas has good fluidity, diffusivity, electric conductivity and thermal conductivity in a plasma state. The plasma torch is also called a plasma generator or a plasma heating system, the temperature of thermal plasma generated by the plasma torch through balanced ionization can reach more than 6000 ℃, a high-temperature heat source of 2000 ℃ can be formed after the thermal plasma is mixed with gas, and the arc core temperature is more than 30000 ℃. The thermal plasma can work under the environment of oxidizing, reducing, inert gas and the like, has higher temperature and power density than a combustion mode, and has the dual properties of fluid and electromagnetism, so that the plasma torch can be widely applied to the industrial field. The direct current arc plasma torch has the advantages of simple structure, high stability, high power, high electrothermal conversion efficiency and the like, and relatively meets the requirements of industrial application. In the material preparation, the plasma torch is used for preparing powder and synthesizing materials, in the metallurgical industry, the plasma torch is used for melting and re-dissolving metals, preserving heat, new smelting process and the like, and in the environmental protection field, the plasma torch can effectively decompose harmful substances such as dioxin in waste incineration fly ash.

The plasma torch mainly converts electric energy into heat energy, and due to the reasons of material limitation, structural design defects and the like, the service life of the plasma torch is limited and does not exceed 500 hours, so that the technical development of the plasma torch is severely restricted. In order to prolong the service life of the plasma torch, the existing plasma torch is developing towards a complicated road with an inter-electrode insertion section, the structure of the plasma torch is composed of a cathode part, an anode part, the inter-electrode insertion section and inert gas and water cooling parts introduced between the electrodes, the inter-electrode insertion section is complicated in structure and needs to be electrified, ventilated and water cooled, great difficulty is brought to manufacturing and installation, meanwhile, the total power and the service life of the torch are improved to be limited, and the industrialization prospect still has the problem to be solved urgently.

The plasma torch mainly ionizes gas flowing through the plasma torch by electric arcs generated between a cathode and an anode, the gas is converted into plasma in the ionization process, and the gas has good fluidity, diffusivity, electric conductivity and thermal conductivity in a plasma state. When high-heat plasma penetrates through the anode end of the plasma torch to work, the high-heat plasma often ablates the anode of the plasma torch, on one hand, after the anode is ablated, the arc of the plasma arc is easily distorted, and the plasma torch cannot be used in serious cases, so that the service life of the plasma torch is directly limited; on the other hand, due to the characteristics of low high temperature resistance and ablation resistance of the anode material, the working current of the plasma torch is low, and large power cannot be obtained through a simple two-electrode structure. At present, the working voltage of the plasma torch is generally improved by increasing the number of electrodes, but in the process of increasing the number of electrodes, on one hand, water, electricity and gas circuits are inevitably required to be increased, so that the installation and maintenance difficulty of the plasma torch is increased by times, and the plasma torch is difficult to popularize and apply in industrial environment; on the other hand, the residence time of the thermal plasma in the plasma torch is increased, which not only brings the loss of the thermal efficiency of the plasma torch, but also increases the cooling difficulty of the plasma torch. These problems not only seriously affect the industrial application of the plasma torch, but also restrict the further popularization of the plasma torch device.

Because the metallic copper has good electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, the metallic copper naturally becomes the anode material of the plasma torch, but the plasma arc generated by the plasma torch has higher temperature (the arc core temperature can reach over 20000 ℃) which far exceeds the melting point and the boiling point of the metallic copper, so the ablation and volatilization of the anode material can be caused, and the service life is seriously influenced. In order to prolong the service life of the anode of the plasma torch, in the patent with the patent application number of '99219884' and named as 'double water-cooled plasma gun', in order to prolong the service life of the anode of the plasma gun, a double water-cooled measure is adopted, namely, circulating water cooling is added to the anode and the cathode of the plasma gun, so that the ablation of a plasma arc on the anode when the plasma gun works can be reduced, and the purpose of prolonging the service life of the anode is achieved. But the loss of the anode (metal copper) caused by increasing the water cooling can only be slowed down in a limited way, and the effect of the cooling water on prolonging the service life of the anode of the plasma torch is not obvious no matter the temperature difference of inlet and outlet water is increased or the flow is increased in the using process of the plasma torch with high power, so that the problem that the temperature of the anode of the plasma torch is reduced, in the application field of the high-power plasma torch, the service life of the anode of the plasma torch does not exceed 500h, the development and the use of the high-power plasma torch are seriously restricted, in addition, the prior art also adopts the method that an electromagnet is additionally arranged outside an anode to improve the focusing effect of the plasma torch so as to improve the ablation resistance of an anode part of the plasma torch, however, since the plasma torch is used in an environment with a high temperature, usually over 1000 ℃, the additional electromagnetic device usually needs additional cooling, which brings great difficulty to design, manufacture and installation, therefore, the development of the plasma torch which is resistant to ablation under the high-power working state has great market prospect.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides an ablation-resistant high-thermal-efficiency plasma torch and a using method thereof, and overcomes the defects of the prior art that 1: the anode of the existing plasma torch needs to be replaced in time after being ablated, so that the replacement of the anode of the plasma torch is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the industrial production is seriously influenced; 2: in the prior art, the loss of the anode (metal copper) caused by increasing water cooling can only be reduced to a limited extent, and the extension effect of cooling water on the service life of the anode of the plasma torch is not obvious no matter the temperature difference of inlet and outlet water is increased or the flow is increased in the use process of the high-power plasma torch; 3: in the prior art, no plasma torch which can be used for ablation resistance in a high-power working state exists; 4. the additional electromagnetic devices usually require additional cooling, which makes design and manufacturing installation more difficult; 5: the anode part is easy to ablate and volatilize, and the service life is seriously influenced.

In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an ablation-resistant high-thermal-efficiency plasma torch comprises a cathode cooling pipeline, a gas pipeline, an anode cooling pipeline, a cathode component, an anode binding post and a cathode binding post, wherein the gas pipeline is coaxially sleeved outside the cathode cooling pipeline, the anode cooling pipeline is coaxially sleeved outside the gas pipeline, one end of the cathode cooling pipeline is provided with the cathode binding post, the anode binding post is arranged at the same end of the anode cooling pipeline and the cathode cooling pipeline, the anode binding post and the cathode binding post are respectively externally connected with a direct-current power supply, the axial size of the anode cooling pipeline is larger than that of the cathode cooling pipeline, the axial size of the gas pipeline is the same as that of the cathode cooling pipeline, the other end of the cathode cooling pipeline is provided with the cathode component, the other end of the anode cooling pipeline is provided with the anode component, the cathode component and the anode component are adjacent, the anode part is a copper lining molybdenum structure coated with a magnetic ring, wherein the copper lining molybdenum structure is composed of a copper shell and a molybdenum lining, the molybdenum lining is assembled inside the copper shell in a gapless mode, and the magnetic ring is sleeved on the outer surface of the copper lining molybdenum structure.

Preferably, the shape of the copper lining molybdenum structure is cylindrical, trumpet-shaped or dumbbell-shaped, wherein the thickness of the molybdenum lining is 1/4-1/3 of the thickness of the copper shell, and the roughness Ra of the inner surface of the copper lining molybdenum structure is not more than 0.8.

Preferably, the copper lining molybdenum structure is in a horn shape or a dumbbell shape, and one end with a small size is close to the cathode component.

Preferably, the axial dimension of the molybdenum lining in the copper lining molybdenum structure is smaller than the axial dimension of the copper shell, wherein the material of one side, close to the cathode component, of the inner wall of the copper lining molybdenum structure is the same as that of the copper shell, and the molybdenum lining is arranged on one side, far away from the cathode component, of the inner wall of the copper lining molybdenum structure.

Preferably, the molybdenum lining is made of a rare earth molybdenum alloy material, wherein the rare earth molybdenum alloy material is a molybdenum-based alloy material added with 0.01% of neodymium, the copper shell is made of a copper material, and the magnetic ring is made of a permanent magnet not less than 2T.

Preferably, the cathode cooling pipeline comprises a cathode water inlet channel and a cathode water return channel, wherein the cathode water return channel is coaxially sleeved outside the cathode water inlet channel, an opening on one side of the cathode water inlet channel, which is close to the cathode part, is connected with the end part of the cathode water return channel to form a cathode cooling water flow loop, a cathode part is arranged on the inner wall of the end part of the cathode water return channel, the cathode binding post is connected with the cathode part through the pipe wall of the cathode water return channel, and the cathode part is made of tungsten alloy materials.

Preferably, the anode cooling pipeline comprises an anode water inlet channel and an anode water return channel, wherein the anode water return channel is coaxially sleeved outside the anode water inlet channel, an opening on one side of the anode water inlet channel, which is close to the anode part, is connected with the end part of the anode water return channel to form an anode cooling water flow loop, the inner wall of the end part of the anode water return channel is provided with an anode part, and the anode binding post is connected with the anode part through the pipe wall of the anode water return channel.

Preferably, the gas pipeline is provided with a swirler at one end close to the anode part, wherein gas passes through the swirler through the gas pipeline and then flows out from a gap between the cathode part and the anode part, and when the cathode part and the anode part are respectively externally connected with a direct current power supply, a potential difference is formed, so that the gas flowing through the gap between the cathode part and the anode part is ionized to form a plasma arc.

Preferably, the gas is high purity nitrogen gas having a purity of not less than 99.99%.

Preferably, a method of using an ablation resistant high thermal efficiency plasma torch as claimed in any preceding claim, comprising the steps of:

step 1) connecting an anode binding post and a cathode binding post with a direct current power supply respectively, so that a potential difference is formed between a cathode part and an anode part;

step 2) respectively introducing cooling water into the cathode cooling pipeline and the anode cooling pipeline, cooling the cathode part by cooling water flowing through the cathode water inlet channel and the cathode water return channel, and cooling the anode part by cooling water flowing through the anode water inlet channel and the anode water return channel;

and 3) enabling the gas to pass through the swirler through the gas pipeline and then flow out from the gap between the cathode part and the anode part, and ionizing the gas flowing between the cathode part and the anode part by the potential difference between the cathode part and the anode part to form a plasma arc.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

(1) the plasma torch comprises a cathode cooling pipeline, a gas pipeline, an anode cooling pipeline, a cathode part, an anode binding post and a cathode binding post, wherein the gas pipeline is coaxially sleeved outside the cathode cooling pipeline, the anode cooling pipeline is coaxially sleeved outside the gas pipeline, one end of the cathode cooling pipeline is provided with the cathode binding post, the anode binding post is arranged at the same end of the anode cooling pipeline and the cathode cooling pipeline, the anode binding post and the cathode binding post are respectively externally connected with a direct current power supply, the other end of the cathode cooling pipeline is provided with a cathode, the other end of the anode cooling pipeline is provided with the anode part, the cathode part and the anode part are adjacent and have a gap, the anode part is a copper lining molybdenum structure for coating a magnetic ring, the cathode part is cooled through a water flow loop of the cathode cooling pipeline, the anode part is cooled by a water flow loop of the anode cooling pipeline, and meanwhile, the anode part is of a copper lining molybdenum structure for coating the magnetic ring, so that the service life and the heat efficiency of the plasma torch are greatly improved, and the plasma torch has a good application prospect;

(2) the anode part of the copper lining molybdenum structure coated with the magnetic ring ensures the electrical conductivity/thermal conductivity necessary when the anode part works, and because the molybdenum lining is assembled in the copper shell without a gap, the anode part also has the characteristic of high melting point, the ablation of the anode is greatly weakened in the application field of high-power plasma torches, the service life can reach more than 2000h, and the service life can reach 3000h after the anode is protected by water cooling, because of the excellent structural design, the integral service life of the high-power plasma torch is greatly prolonged, the molybdenum lining is made of rare earth molybdenum alloy, and when the plasma torch works, the molybdenum lining reacts with high-purity nitrogen of a working medium to generate a nitride protective film of molybdenum, so the ablation resistance of the anode can be effectively improved, the electrical conductivity is greatly improved, the total power of the plasma torch can be improved, and the thermal efficiency of the plasma torch is further improved, the copper lining molybdenum structure for coating the magnetic ring is cylindrical, horn-shaped or dumbbell-shaped, so that the ablation resistance of the anode is improved to a greater extent, and when the copper lining molybdenum structure for coating the magnetic ring by the anode part is dumbbell-shaped, the stability of plasma and the electrothermal conversion efficiency of a plasma torch are greatly improved;

(3) the magnetic ring is coated on the outer side of the anode part, the anode part with the special structure can focus the plasma flow by utilizing the focusing effect of the magnetic ring to reduce the ablation of the plasma flow on the inner surface of the anode part, and simultaneously can reduce the heat loss of the plasma flow and improve the heat efficiency;

(4) the plasma torch anode has the advantages of simple structure, long service life, safety, environmental protection and low cost, thoroughly solves the problems of easy ablation and short service life of the plasma torch anode, does not need to frequently replace the plasma torch anode part, saves time and labor and improves the industrial production efficiency;

(5) the invention adopts a double-electrode structure, has no electrode insertion section, one path of working gas and two paths of cooling water channels, and has high system stability and strong maintainability; the anode part easy to ablate is arranged at the end part of the plasma torch, so that the anode part is easy to disassemble and assemble and is convenient for industrial application.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an ablation resistant high thermal efficiency plasma torch of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an anode dumbbell structure of an ablation-resistant high thermal efficiency plasma torch of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an anode cylindrical structure of an ablation-resistant high-thermal-efficiency plasma torch according to the present invention

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an anode horn configuration of an ablation resistant high thermal efficiency plasma torch of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1. the device comprises a cathode water inlet channel, a cathode water return channel, a cathode, a gas pipeline, a cathode water inlet channel, an anode water return channel, a gas pipeline, an anode water inlet channel, a gas pipeline, an anode water return channel, a plasma arc, a;

71. copper shell, 72, molybdenum inside lining, 73, magnetic ring.

Detailed Description

The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to examples:

it should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, and other elements shown in the specification are included for the purpose of understanding and reading only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, and any modifications of the structures, changes in the proportions and adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the efficacy and attainment of the same.

In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.

The cyclone is prior art.