阅读说明：本技术 一种应用信息素引诱西花蓟马的方法 (Method for inducing frankliniella occidentalis by applying pheromone ) 是由 李晓维 吕要斌 章金明 张治军 林文彩 于 2018-08-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种应用信息素引诱西花蓟马的方法,该方法以橡胶塞为载体,将信息素neryl-(S)-2-methylbutanoate和(R)-lavandulyl acetate的正己烷溶液按比例添加到载体中,制成诱芯配合粘虫板悬挂于作物上,其特征在于,诱芯所释放的信息素复合物的组成及质量比为：neryl-(S)-2-methylbutanoate:(R)-lavandulyl acetate的比值在4.687~6.557之间,所述诱芯每2周更换一次。本发明阐明了两种信息素配合使用时的释放特性以及引诱效果,发现以橡胶塞为载体所制作的诱芯的持效期2周,可以覆盖西花蓟马成虫的发生期。本发明的方法适合在田间应用中进行推广使用,达到群防群治。(The invention provides a method for inducing frankliniella occidentalis by applying pheromone, which takes a rubber plug as a carrier, adds n-hexane solution of pheromone nyl- (S) -2-methylbutanoate and (R) -lavandulylacetate into the carrier in proportion to prepare a core inducing and a pest sticking plate which are matched with the core inducing and hung on crops, and is characterized in that the pheromone compound released by the core inducing comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the ratio of (R) -lavandulyl acetate to (S) -2-methylbutanoate is 4.687-6.557, and the lure is replaced every 2 weeks. The invention clarifies the release characteristics and the attraction effect when the two pheromones are used in a matching way, and finds that the effective period of the attraction core made by taking the rubber stopper as a carrier is 2 weeks, so that the emergence period of the Frankliniella occidentalis adults can be covered. The method is suitable for popularization and application in the field, and achieves group prevention and mass control.)

1. A method for attracting frankliniella occidentalis by pheromone lure comprises the following steps: taking a rubber plug as a carrier, adding a normal hexane solution of pheromone nyl- (S) -2-methylbutanoate and (R) -lavandulyl acetate into the carrier in proportion to prepare a lure core which is matched with a sticky board and hung on crops, and is characterized in that the pheromone compound released by the lure core in the air has the mass ratio: the ratio of (R) -lavandulyl acetate is 4.687-6.557.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said lure is replaced every 2 weeks when the n-hexane solution of the neryl- (S) -2-methylbutanoate and (R) -lavandulylacetate is added to the carrier at a ratio of 8: 1.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lure is used at a temperature of 25 ± 1 ℃, a relative humidity of 60% ± 5%, and a light cycle of 14L: 10D.

4. The method for attracting frankliniella occidentalis by applying pheromone as described in claim 1 for preventing and treating frankliniella occidentalis in vegetable and flower planting.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural insect pest control, and particularly relates to a method for attracting frankliniella occidentalis by utilizing pheromone lure.

Background

Thrips is a common and important pest on crops, which causes huge economic losses to crops by direct feeding of crops and indirect transmission of viruses. Currently, the types of thrips which are widely distributed worldwide and cause great harm to crops include thrips (frankliniella intensa) and thrips occidentalis (f.occidentalis) of the genus thrips, thrips palmi (thripsphali) of the genus thrips, and the like. As thrips has the characteristics of tiny individuals, strong secrecy, strong fecundity, easy generation of drug resistance and the like, the chemical prevention, control and prevention effects are not very ideal. In addition, when a large amount of pesticides are used for controlling insect pests, a series of problems such as pesticide residue exceeding standard, environmental pollution, pest drug resistance and rampant again are brought, and the development of a green prevention and control technology is urgent.

Insect pheromones are non-chemical control measures, and can be used for monitoring and controlling pest populations and improving pest control effects by being combined with other control measures. Aggregation pheromones are a class of pheromones produced by both female and male insects or insects of either sex, and are capable of causing aggregation of insects of the same species, male and female. At present, scholars at home and abroad have already carried out relevant research on thrips pheromone and begin to be applied to prevention and control of thrips, wherein the research on thrips aggregative pheromone is the most extensive, and three kinds of aggregation pheromones of main thrips pests are separated and identified. Aggregation pheromones of thrips genus, western flower thrips and thrips, which are the same as the main active ingredients, are neryl- (S) -2-methylbutanoate ( carnyl (S) -2-methylbutyrate) and (R) -lavandalyl acetate ((R) -lavender acetate), but the release ratio of the two components is very different between western flower thrips and thrips, and it is reported that (R) -lavandalyl acetate: neryl- (S) -2-methylbutanoate is about 1:1.7, whereas in the aggregated pheromone released by the staminate Frankliniella occidentalis (R) -lavandalyl acetate: neryl- (S) -2-methylbutanoate is about 1:12.9 (congratulatory pheromone isolated and identified by the extraction of frank, frankliniella taiwanensis and thrips palmi, university of agriculture, Nanjing, 2012). The aggregative pheromone active component of thrips palmi karny of thrips is different from thrips palmi karny and thrips occidentalis, and the main active component is (R) -lavandulyl 3-methyl-3-butenoate ((R) -3-methyl-3-butenoate).

Research by the group of the invention finds that a certain concentration of artificially synthesized nyl- (S) -2-methylbutanoate has attraction effect on Frankliniella occidentalis and Frankliniella occidentalis, while (R) -lavandalyl acetate has no attraction effect on the two Frankliniella occidentalis, but after a certain amount of (R) -lavandalyl acetate is added into the naphthyl- (S) -2-methylbutanoate, strong synergistic effect is found in the two Frankliniella occidentalis, and when the ratio of the (R) -lavandalyl acetate to the naphthyl (S) -2-methylbutanoate is 1:8, the attraction effect on Frankliniella occidentalis adults is optimal; the attraction effect on adult flower thrips was best when the ratio of (R) -lavandulyl acetate and neryl (S) -2-methylbutanoate was 1:4 (Frankliniella occidentalis and Frankliniella occidentalis aggregation pheromone in field attraction tests and their role in interspecific interactions, proceedings for insects, 2017,60 (12): 1447: 1456).

In the prior art, two pheromones in a certain proportion are configured on a certain carrier to attract a certain organism, such as a Frankliniella occidentalis adult or a Frankliniella occidentalis adult, the carrier is generally required to be replaced, if the replacement frequency is relatively high, the pheromones in the carrier are not completely released or are replaced at a high-release-amount stage, so that the utilization rate of the pheromones cannot be fully exerted; if the lure is not replaced in time in field application, at the moment, one or more pheromones in the carrier are completely released or at the low release amount stage, and the lure is equivalent to being out of work, so that the effect is reduced.

This requires adjustment of the delivery method and dosage to maximize the attractant effect.

Disclosure of Invention

The group of the present invention has surprisingly found that the proportion of pheromones disposed on a carrier according to the conventional method is not the actual proportion released in air. Although the proportion of the carrier on which the carrier is disposed is related to the actual proportion of the release in air, the proportion of the sustained and stable release is greatly different for different proportions. When the insect pheromone is applied in the field, as most of components of the insect pheromone have volatility and are easy to volatilize and degrade under natural conditions, the pheromone is protected from environmental degradation by virtue of a slow release carrier, and the stable and uniform release of the pheromone is kept. So that the best attracting effect can be achieved.

Aiming at the problems, the invention researches the change rule of the release amount ratio of two pheromones, namely, neryl (S) -2-methylbutanoate and (R) -lavandulyl acetate, in a common rubber plug carrier according to the time, and aims to develop a thrips attracting method which can attract thrips efficiently and improve the utilization rate of pheromones.

One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a method for attracting frankliniella through pheromone lure. The method comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that a rubber stopper is used as a carrier, a normal hexane solution of pheromone (S) -2-methylbutanoate and (R) -lavandulylacetate is added into the carrier in proportion to prepare a lure core which is matched with a sticky board and hung on crops, and the proportion of two pheromones released by the carrier in the air is maintained between 1.350 and 2.313. As long as the ratio is stably maintained within the range, the adult frankliniella occidentalis can be attracted stably.

This also means from the other hand that, as long as the release ratio of the two pheromones in the air is maintained within this range, the thrips can be attracted maximally irrespective of the ratio and concentration of the two pheromones actually in the vehicle. For example, two kinds of pheromones may be released on the carrier, or two kinds of pheromones may be released in the releasing device, and the most efficient attracting adult thrips can be continued and stabilized as long as the mass ratio of the two kinds of pheromones released into the air is within the range.

Therefore, when the addition mass ratio of the n-hexane solution of the nitrile- (S) -2-methylbutanoate and the (R) -lavandulyl acetate on the rubber carrier is 4:1, the lure was replaced every 4 weeks. This is because we have found that such a ratio can be maintained in the stable ratio range in air for 4 weeks only, and the ratio rapidly decreases after four weeks, with almost no attracting effect. Therefore, if the ratio is 4:1, the rubber carrier of 4:1 is replaced with a new one every 4 weeks, thereby stably maintaining the release ratio in the air and achieving the maximum attracting effect.

Preferably, the using temperature of the lure is 25 +/-1 ℃, the relative humidity is 60% +/-5%, and the illumination period is 14L to 10D.

Preferably, the n-hexane solution of the neryl- (S) -2-methylbutanoate and the (R) -lavandulyl acetate is added to the carrier in a ratio of 4: 1.

Preferably, the control of thrips is carried out in vegetable and flower planting by using the method of the present invention.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a method for inducing frankliniella occidentalis by applying pheromone attractant core.

The method comprises the following steps: the method is characterized in that a rubber stopper is used as a carrier, a normal hexane solution of pheromone (S) -2-methylbutanoate and (R) -lavandulyl acetate is added into the carrier in proportion to prepare a lure core which is matched with a sticky board and hung on crops, and the proportion of two pheromones released by the carrier in the air is maintained between 4.687 and 6.557. As long as the concentration of the compound is maintained within the range of the ratio, the imagoes of Frankliniella occidentalis can be attracted stably.

This also means from the other hand that it is possible to attract frankliniella occidentalis the most regardless of the ratio and concentration of the two pheromones actually in the vehicle, as long as the release ratio of the two pheromones in the air is maintained within this range. For example, two kinds of pheromones may be released on the carrier, or two kinds of pheromones may be released in the releasing device, and the adult Frankliniella occidentalis may be attracted with the maximum efficiency in a sustained and stable manner as long as the mass ratio of the two kinds of pheromones to be released into the air is within the range.

Therefore, when the addition mass ratio of the n-hexane solution of the nitrile- (S) -2-methylbutanoate and the (R) -lavandulyl acetate on the rubber carrier is 8:1, the lure was replaced every 2 weeks. This is because we have found that such a ratio can be maintained in the air for a stable ratio range of 4.687 to 6.557 for 2 weeks, and the ratio rapidly decreases after two weeks, with almost no attracting effect. Therefore, if the ratio is 8:1, the 8:1 rubber carrier is replaced with a new one every 2 weeks, thereby stably maintaining the release ratio in the air and achieving the maximum attracting effect.

Preferably, the using temperature of the lure is 25 +/-1 ℃, the relative humidity is 60% +/-5%, and the illumination period is 14L to 10D.

Preferably, the n-hexane solution of the neryl- (S) -2-methylbutanoate and the (R) -lavandulyl acetate is added to the carrier in a ratio of 8: 1.

Preferably, the control of frankliniella occidentalis is carried out in vegetable and flower planting by using the method of the present invention.

Advantageous effects: the invention researches the release ratio of two kinds of thrips aggregated pheromones, namely, neryl- (S) -2-methylbutanoate and (R) -lavandulyl acetate, in a rubber plug carrier after the two kinds of thrips aggregated pheromones are added according to the proportion, and clarifies the release characteristic and the attraction effect when the two kinds of pheromones are matched for use. The invention finds that the ratio of S to R released into the space is within the range of 1.350-2.313, the attractant has a strong attraction effect on the Frankliniella occidentalis, and the ratio of S to R released into the space is within the range of 4.687-6.557, the attractant has a strong attraction effect on the Frankliniella occidentalis. When the adding ratio is 4:1 and 8:1, the effective periods of the lure core prepared by taking the rubber stopper as the carrier are respectively 4 weeks and 2 weeks, and the lure core just covers the emergence period of the adult thrips. The invention is suitable for being popularized and used in field application, achieves group prevention and mass control, and has economic, social and ecological benefits.

The invention also provides a method, when other carriers except the rubber plug are used, the release rates of the two pheromones on the carriers can be firstly researched, and the ratio of S to R released into the space is controlled to be within the range of 1.350-2.313 or within the range of 4.687-6.557 by adjusting the adding ratio, so that the effective prevention and treatment of the frankliniella occidentalis or the frankliniella occidentalis can be realized.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the release profile of different proportions of pheromone components over time.

Figure 2 shows the effect of regular and non-regular replacement of lure on the amount of lured insects.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. It is to be understood that the practice of the invention is not limited to the following examples, and that any variations and/or modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention.

In the invention, all parts and percentages are weight units, and all equipment, raw materials and the like can be purchased from the market or are commonly used in the industry, if not specified.

The aggregation pheromone (R) -lavondulyl acetate (purity is more than or equal to 98 percent and optical isomer is more than or equal to 99 percent) and the neryl (S) -2-methylbutanoate (purity is more than or equal to 98 percent and optical isomer is more than or equal to 99 percent) applied by the invention are artificially synthesized by Chinese agriculture university according to the method reported by Hamilton et al (2005); the aggregation pheromone (R) -lavondulyl 3-methyl-3-butenoate (the purity is more than or equal to 98 percent, and the optical isomer is more than or equal to 99 percent) of thrips palmi was artificially synthesized by the method reported by Akella et al (2014) at the university of agriculture in China.

For the sake of distinction, the three components (R) -lavandulyl acetate, neryl (S) -2-methylbutanoate and (R) -lavandulyl 3-methyl-3-butenoate are each represented by R, S, Z.

The carrier used in the invention is a commonly used green rubber plug carrier. Green rubber plug carriers (diameter. times. length. 1 cm. times.1.5 cm) were purchased from Beijing Zhongjie Site Biotech, Inc. Soaking in chromatographic pure n-hexane for 24 hr, oven drying at 80 deg.C for 2 hr to volatilize n-hexane, and packaging in sealed glass bottle.