阅读说明：本技术 一种延长蒙古柳种子寿命的保活方法 (Keep-alive method for prolonging service life of salix mongolica seeds ) 是由 马书荣 柳参奎 于 2019-12-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种延长蒙古柳种子寿命的保活方法,本发明涉及蒙古柳种子的保活方法。解决现有蒙古柳种子难收集,保存期短,易失活,而现有种子贮藏技术,过程繁琐,方法复杂,不利于大规模种子贮藏的问题。方法：一、收集蒙古柳种子；二、控制含水率；三、密封避光储存,即完成延长蒙古柳种子寿命的保活方法。本发明用于延长蒙古柳种子寿命的保活。(The invention discloses a keep-alive method for prolonging the service life of salix mongolica seeds, and relates to a keep-alive method for salix mongolica seeds. The method solves the problems that the prior salix mongolica seeds are difficult to collect, short in storage period and easy to inactivate, and the prior seed storage technology is complex in process, complex in method and not beneficial to large-scale seed storage. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, collecting salix mongolica seeds; secondly, controlling the water content; and thirdly, sealing and storing in a dark place to finish the life-keeping method for prolonging the service life of the salix mongolica seeds. The method is used for prolonging the life of the salix mongolica seeds.)

1. A keep-alive method for prolonging the service life of salix mongolica seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:

firstly, collecting salix mongolica seeds:

at the beginning of 5-6 months, when 85% -90% of the color of capsules on the willow mongolica fruit ears changes from green to yellow, and the tips of the yellow capsules crack but do not boll out or the tips of the yellow capsules do not crack, collecting, putting the willow mongolica fruit ears in an air-permeable mesh bag, placing the ventilating mesh bag in a cool and dry place, turning over and drying the ventilating mesh bag every day until the uncracked capsules crack to obtain shade-dried fruit ears, then rubbing and lightly falling the mesh bag filled with the shade-dried fruit ears to enable the bolls and seeds in the cracked capsules to spit out, sieving the seeds from meshes of the air-permeable mesh bag, collecting and sieving the seeds, and placing the sieved seeds in a paper bag to obtain the collected willow mongolica seeds;

secondly, controlling the water content:

placing the collected salix mongolica seeds in a shade drying place, and drying in the shade until the water content of the salix mongolica seeds is 4.0% -7.0% to obtain salix mongolica seeds with controlled water content;

thirdly, sealing and storing in dark:

sealing Mongolian willow seeds with controlled water content by a paper bag, and storing the seeds under the conditions of light protection and temperature of-85 ℃ to-75 ℃, thus completing the survival method for prolonging the service life of the Mongolian willow seeds.

2. A keep-alive method for prolonging the life of Mongolian willow seeds according to claim 1, wherein the meshes of the air-permeable mesh bag in the first step are 16-20 meshes.

3. A keep-alive method for prolonging the life of Mongolian willow seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that in the second step, the collected Mongolian willow seeds are placed in a cool and dry place and dried in the shade until the water content of the Mongolian willow seeds is 5.0% -6.9%, and Mongolian willow seeds with controlled water content are obtained.

4. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the paper bag in step one is kraft paper bag.

5. A method for prolonging the life of Mongolian willow seeds according to claim 1, wherein the paper bags in step three are kraft paper bags.

6. A method for prolonging the life of Mongolian willow seeds according to claim 1, wherein the Mongolian willow seeds with controlled water content are sealed by a paper bag and stored under the conditions of dark and-75 ℃.

7. A method for prolonging the life of Mongolian willow seeds according to claim 1, wherein the Mongolian willow seeds with controlled water content are sealed by a paper bag and stored under the conditions of dark and-80 ℃.

8. A method for prolonging the life of Mongolian willow seeds according to claim 1, wherein the Mongolian willow seeds with controlled water content are sealed by a paper bag and stored under the conditions of dark and-85 ℃.

9. A keep-alive method for prolonging the life of Mongolian willow seeds according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the fruit clusters of Mongolian willow are placed in a breathable mesh bag and placed in a cool and dry place with the temperature of 20-25 ℃.

10. A life-preserving method for prolonging the life of the seeds of the salix mongolica as claimed in claim 1, wherein the collected salix mongolica seeds are placed in a cool and dry place with the temperature of 20-25 ℃ in the second step.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a keep-alive method of salix mongolica seeds.

Background

Willow (Salix) is a generic name of Salicaceae (Salicaceae) Salix, deciduous tree or shrub, is a native tree species in China, and is one of the earliest described plants artificially cultivated and distributed in the widest range. The willow species have various varieties and wide distribution, have extremely high humanity and ornamental value, and have very important position in afforestation and greening in various parts of China. Willow has wide adaptability to environment, is loving light, dampness and cold, has some species with drought tolerance and salt and alkali tolerance, can grow in places with severe ecological conditions, and grows better in plain and wild fields with superior conditions in field. However, willow seeds have short service life, the viability of the willow seeds is easy to lose, the willow seeds are easy to be affected by temperature, moisture and plant diseases and insect pests after being sown, the emergence rate is low, although mature seed storage technologies exist, the process is complicated, the method is complex, and large-scale seed storage is not facilitated, so that people continue to cultivate willows in an asexual propagation mode for a long time, cutting propagation is mainly used, a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed in the cutting planting process, the planting cost is high, and the progeny genetic variation of the willow seeds is small, so that good new varieties are difficult to screen, and the viability of the willows is gradually weakened. Therefore, there is a need for a method for storing willow seeds, which can prolong the activity of willow seeds and solve the problem of how to store willow seeds safely and reliably.

The Mongolian willow is deciduous shrub or small arbor of Salix of Salicaceae, and is a typical heterotrophic plant. The flowering period is 4-5 months, and the seeds fly away along with the white fluff at the end of 5 months. The Mongolian willow is heliophilous, resistant to yin, cold, drought and salt and alkali, can endure a habitat with a pH value of more than 10, is one of only a few woody plants growing on the saline-alkali land of the tender plain, is a good tree species for wind prevention, sand fixation and landscaping, is a precious wild plant resource for saline-alkali land improvement, can improve the pH value of saline-alkali soil, and has a great application prospect.

However, the salix mongolica can produce a large amount of seeds every year, but because the seeds are small, capsules crack when the seeds are mature, fly out along with catkins, are blown away by wind, and are difficult to collect. The salix mongolica is a short-lived seed, the seed maturation period of the salix mongolica is just before the 5 month to 6 month period, the salix mongolica is difficult to germinate when the seed is mature and naturally falls to the ground when the local weather is heavy rain and dry, and the seed loses vigor when the rainy season comes. Therefore, the research on the storage characteristics of the salix mongolica seeds is carried out, and the method has important theoretical value and practical significance for the storage of the salix mongolica seeds. At present, the research on prolonging the vitality of the salix mongolica seeds at home and abroad is almost blank.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a keep-alive method for prolonging the service life of salix mongolica seeds, and aims to solve the problems that the existing salix mongolica seeds are difficult to collect, short in storage period and easy to inactivate, and the existing seed storage technology is complex in process, complex in method and not beneficial to large-scale seed storage.

A keep-alive method for prolonging the service life of salix mongolica seeds is carried out according to the following steps:

firstly, collecting salix mongolica seeds:

at the beginning of 5-6 months, when 85% -90% of the color of capsules on the willow mongolica fruit ears changes from green to yellow, and the tips of the yellow capsules crack but do not boll out or the tips of the yellow capsules do not crack, collecting, putting the willow mongolica fruit ears in an air-permeable mesh bag, placing the ventilating mesh bag in a cool and dry place, turning over and drying the ventilating mesh bag every day until the uncracked capsules crack to obtain shade-dried fruit ears, then rubbing and lightly falling the mesh bag filled with the shade-dried fruit ears to enable the bolls and seeds in the cracked capsules to spit out, sieving the seeds from meshes of the air-permeable mesh bag, collecting and sieving the seeds, and placing the sieved seeds in a paper bag to obtain the collected willow mongolica seeds;

secondly, controlling the water content:

placing the collected salix mongolica seeds in a shade drying place, and drying in the shade until the water content of the salix mongolica seeds is 4.0% -7.0% to obtain salix mongolica seeds with controlled water content;

thirdly, sealing and storing in dark:

sealing Mongolian willow seeds with controlled water content by a paper bag, and storing the seeds under the conditions of light protection and temperature of-85 ℃ to-75 ℃, thus completing the survival method for prolonging the service life of the Mongolian willow seeds.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, the latest period of seed collection is mastered by observing the color and opening state of the capsule, the maximum seed collection amount is obtained, and the seeds with the best seed unhairing method and the maximum maturity can be obtained by collecting, drying and sieving the seeds in a mesh bag. The seed waste is reduced to the maximum extent, sufficient seeds are provided, the seeds can be kept alive for staggered sowing and seedling raising, the defects brought to species evolution by long-term application of asexual propagation can be overcome, the advantages of seedlings are fully exerted, and more excellent varieties are screened.

The invention utilizes the seed water content and storage temperature regulation and control technology to prolong the vitality and the germination capacity of the salix mongolica seeds. The inside vigorous metabolic process that carries on of seed can be avoided to control water content, reduces seed itself and stores the material consumption, adopts the shade to dry progressively and dewaters and avoid dehydration speed too fiercely or because excessive loss moisture harms seed vitality, and subsequent degree of depth cryogenic storage can not influence seed vigor because the too big inside cell frostbite of seed water content simultaneously. The method is a technology for effectively prolonging the vitality and the germination capacity of the willow seeds, effectively solves the problem that the Mongolian willow seeds are short in service life and not suitable for storage, and lays a foundation for establishing and enriching and perfecting willow seed storage modes.

The method can prolong the storage period and the activity of the seeds and the storage period of the salix mongolica seeds by controlling the water content and the storage temperature of the seeds, saves time, is simple and convenient to operate, has long seed activity retention time, and provides a basis and a solid foundation for the subsequent research of willow seed development and related research.

Compared with the prior art:

1. the service life of the seeds is prolonged, the germination rate is improved to more than 90% after the seeds are stored for 4 months, the germination rate can still reach more than 58% after the seeds are stored for 12 months, thus drought seasons of the mature period of the salix mongolica seeds can be missed, the death of the seeds is avoided, and when the rainy season comes and is suitable for the seeds to germinate, a large amount of seeding and seedling raising are carried out.

2. According to the method, the whole process is carried out in the mesh bag from harvesting of the capsule ears, shade drying of the capsules, cracking of the capsules, flying of villi, light falling, turning and drying until the seeds are screened out, so that the cracking of the capsules and the flying of the seeds along with the catkin are avoided, and the problem that the willow seeds are difficult to collect along with the flying of the catkin is solved. The willow seeds are washed by clear water to remove white hairs, sterilized and disinfected by aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide, filtered and drained. The seeds are easy to absorb water and swell through water washing, if the seeds cannot be drained in time, the seeds can germinate, and the seeds lose activity even if the seeds are drained.

3. Because the small seed skin of the salix mongolica seeds is thin, the water content is gradually regulated and controlled through drying in the shade, and the damage of protoplasm of the seeds caused by violent dehydration or excessive dehydration can be avoided. The water content is controlled to be 4.0-7.0%, so that the seeds can be prevented from being frozen and even dead when stored at low temperature deeply. The prior drying is carried out by hot air drying at 40-45 ℃ or sealed storage of sterile river sand roasted at 260-280 ℃, which is troublesome.

4. Compared with other seed storage technologies, the method is simple and feasible, saves time and labor and saves cost. The conventional seeds are stored at low temperature, pretreatment is required, auxiliary materials are required to be mixed, a cryoprotectant is required, the seeds are soaked in a self-made refrigerating fluid, the seeds are firstly frozen and stored at low temperature, the steps are complicated, the method is complex, and the storage temperature is generally in the range of 0 ℃ to-30 ℃. According to the method, the effect of effectively prolonging the service life of the seeds and improving the vitality of the seeds is achieved only by regulating and controlling the water content and the storage temperature of the seeds, so that the salix mongolica seeds can miss the drought season, and can be normally sown and raised in rainy seasons, and the germination rate of the seeds is still over 90%. The method can directly store the dried seeds in an ultra-low temperature freezer at-85 to-75 ℃, and the seeds can absorb water to germinate after being directly taken out and soaked in water during sowing.

5. The service life of the seeds is prolonged, the salix mongolica seeds can be sowed at different times to promote the seedling raising of the salix mongolica seeds, and good varieties with better properties can be obtained. Compared with asexual propagation, the seedling can strengthen the vitality of the seedling, reduce plant diseases and insect pests, prolong the service life of the plant and improve the quality of wood.

6. The method grasps the optimal seed collection period by observing the color and opening state of the capsule, can obtain the maximum seed collection amount (more than 95 percent), and can obtain the optimal seed depilation method and the seeds with the maximum maturity by collecting, drying and sieving the seeds in shade through a mesh bag. The problem that a large amount of seeds are difficult to harvest by manually collecting the fly hairs in the prior art is solved, and the phenomenon that the seeds lose vigor due to secondary germination caused by water washing unhairing is avoided.

The invention relates to a keep-alive method for prolonging the service life of salix mongolica seeds.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a real object of Salix mongolica fruit without timely harvesting, with seeds blown away by wind along with catkins;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a real object of Mongolian willow seed and catkin blown away with wind;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a first step of the example in which 85% -90% of capsules on the fruit ears of the willow mongolica are yellow and the tips are not cracked;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a dry ear obtained in the first step of the example.

Detailed Description