阅读说明：本技术 一种牵引式大小行大蒜联合收获机 (Towed big and small row garlic combine harvester ) 是由 周兵 宁金伟 苏本栋 李淑谦 李宝同 李忠元 辛丽 辛磊 于 2019-12-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种牵引式大小行大蒜联合收获机,其车架部分与收获单元机架部分可相对调节,能够便于对行,扶苗,通过各单元之间的巧妙连动,实现了半自动对行,也提高了扶苗率。与人工收获相比,该装置具有省工、省时、工作效率高,可用于大蒜大小行种植模式下的收获；与现有大蒜收获装置相比,该装置引禾扶禾效果好、对行方便、易挪动、易操作、土壤适应性好、伤蒜率低和效率高。并且该装置结构简单合理、易于加工、实用性强、价格低廉、使用方便,具有较高的市场需求等特点,易于推广应用。(A frame part and a harvesting unit frame part of the traction-type large-row and small-row garlic combine harvester can be adjusted relatively, row alignment and seedling support can be facilitated, semi-automatic row alignment is realized through ingenious linkage among all units, and the seedling support rate is also improved. Compared with manual harvesting, the device has the advantages of labor saving, time saving and high working efficiency, and can be used for harvesting garlic in a large and small row planting mode; compared with the existing garlic harvesting device, the device has the advantages of good grain guiding and lifting effect, convenient walking, easy moving, easy operation, good soil adaptability, low garlic damage rate and high efficiency. The device has the characteristics of simple and reasonable structure, easiness in processing, strong practicability, low price, convenience in use, higher market demand and the like, and is easy to popularize and apply.)

1. The utility model provides a big small row garlic combine of towed, includes the frame, and the frame bottom is equipped with the wheel combination, and the frame front portion is equipped with suspension shaft combination, its characterized in that: the frame is provided with a harvesting unit frame, the harvesting unit frame is in a frame form, and the harvesting unit frame is provided with a line aligning device, a clamping and conveying device and a digging shovel;

the alignment device is arranged between the harvesting unit frame and the frame and comprises a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic oil tank, and the hydraulic cylinder is a double-acting hydraulic cylinder;

the front top surface of the harvesting unit frame is also provided with a grain guiding device, the grain guiding device comprises a floating rod, a grain guiding rod, a bearing and a baffle plate, the grain guiding device is rotatably arranged on the front top surface of the harvesting unit frame through the bearing, and the floating rod is elastically connected with the frame; the straw guiding rods are arranged obliquely, correspond to each other in pairs, and are closed up in a form that the front part is wide and the back part is narrow;

the bottom of the frame is provided with an adjusting rod, and the front end of the adjusting rod is in a digging shovel form;

a seedling cutting device is arranged at the rear part of the frame, a garlic bulb conveyor is arranged at the bottom of the seedling cutting device, and a garlic bulb collecting device is arranged at the tail end of the conveyor; the rear part of the seedling cutting device is provided with a seedling falling device for collecting seedlings.

2. The pull-type large and small garlic row combine harvester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the harvesting unit frame is provided with a control center, and a seat is arranged at the front part of the control center.

3. The pull-type large and small garlic harvester combine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the holding and conveying device is integrally hinged to the frame of the harvesting unit, and the lifting rod is provided at a front side thereof and is in the form of a screw and a screw sleeve, the screw sleeve end of the lifting rod is provided at a side of the holding and conveying device, and the screw end of the lifting rod is rotatably provided on the frame.

4. The pull-type large and small garlic row combine harvester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the front end of the holding and conveying device is provided with a reel device in a rotating manner, and the reel device is in the form of a rotatably arranged impeller.

5. The pull-type large and small garlic row combine harvester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the holding and conveying device is provided with a soil cleaning device at the lower part thereof, the soil cleaning device comprises a holding rod and an eccentric block which are oppositely arranged, and the holding rod is arranged corresponding to each conveying channel of the holding and conveying device.

6. A pull-type large and small row garlic combine harvester as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedling cutting device is arranged as follows: the seedling cutting device comprises a cutter motor, an upper cutter, a lower cutter, a clamping mechanism and a hinge, wherein the upper cutter and the lower cutter are respectively arranged on the two bases and are arranged oppositely; a clamping mechanism is arranged between the two bases.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of economic crop harvesting, in particular to a traction type large-row and small-row garlic combine harvester.

Background

The garlic has rich nutrition, unique flavor and wide application, and has medical and health care functions of sterilization, bacteriostasis, antitoxic treatment and the like. The planting area of the garlic in China is about 1200 ten thousand mu, and the garlic occupies more than 90% of the global planting area. According to the current status survey of garlic industry in China, the main production area of garlic is mainly Shandong represented by Jinxiang.

Although the planting area of the Shandong garlic is large, the mechanical application area of the garlic is actually less than 1%. The problems of low automation degree, large harvesting loss, unreasonable functional structure arrangement, high harvesting cost, low efficiency, time and labor consumption and the like of the existing garlic harvesting machine are solved. Moreover, because garlic is a labor-intensive cultivation crop, the problems of high labor intensity of manual operation, much farming time, strong harvest seasonality, large harvest loss, low efficiency and the like exist in the harvesting process, and the problems are the main problems influencing the production development and industrial growth of garlic.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a traction-type large-row and small-row garlic combine harvester which can realize the operations of digging, soil removal, clamping and conveying, seedling cutting, garlic bulb collection and the like and has the characteristics of simple structure, convenience in use, semi-automatic row alignment and the like. The device is of great help to solve the problems that the garlic is time-consuming and labor-consuming in the traditional manual harvesting of peasants.

The equipment comprises a frame, wherein the frame is a main body supporting part of the equipment, a wheel combination is arranged at the bottom of the frame, a suspension shaft combination is arranged at the front part of the frame, and the suspension shaft combination is used for connecting the existing agricultural machinery, such as a tractor and the like. The frame is driven by the agricultural machine to integrally advance for collecting operation.

The frame is provided with a harvesting unit frame, the harvesting unit frame is in a frame form, and the harvesting unit frame is provided with a line aligning device, a clamping and conveying device and a digging shovel.

The line aligning device is arranged between the harvesting unit frame and the frame. The row aligning device comprises a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic oil tank, the hydraulic cylinder is a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, and the relative position between the harvesting unit rack and the frame is controlled by controlling the telescopic amount of an output shaft of the hydraulic cylinder, namely the orientation of the digging shovel and the conveying device is controlled so as to align garlic seedlings.

The front top surface of the harvesting unit frame is also provided with a straw guiding device, the straw guiding device comprises a floating rod, a straw guiding rod, a bearing and a baffle, the straw guiding device is rotatably arranged on the front top surface of the harvesting unit frame through the bearing, and the floating rod is elastically connected with the frame. The straw guiding rods are arranged obliquely, correspond to each other in pairs, are wide in front and narrow in back, and guide the garlic straw to a proper position, namely, between the belts corresponding to the clamping and conveying devices.

The bottom of the frame is provided with an adjusting rod, and the front end of the adjusting rod is in a digging shovel form.

The seedling cutting device is arranged at the rear part of the frame, the garlic bulb conveyor is arranged at the bottom of the seedling cutting device, and the garlic bulb collecting device is arranged at the tail end of the conveyor. The seedling cutting device is used for cutting off garlic stalks, and the conveyor is used for collecting garlic bulbs after the garlic stalks are cut and conveying the garlic bulbs to the garlic bulb collecting device.

The rear part of the seedling cutting device is provided with a seedling falling device for collecting seedlings.

Furthermore, a control center is arranged on the harvesting unit frame, the control center is used for controlling the start and stop of each unit of the equipment, and a seat is arranged at the front part of the control center and used for an operator to take.

Furthermore, the clamping and conveying device is integrally hinged to the harvesting unit frame, a lifting rod is arranged on the side edge of the front portion of the clamping and conveying device, the lifting rod is in a screw sleeve mode, the screw sleeve end of the lifting rod is arranged on the side edge of the clamping and conveying device, the screw rod end of the lifting rod is rotatably arranged on the frame, and the specific angle and the adjustment distance between the lifting rod and the frame are determined through the matched locking of the lifting rod and the frame.

Furthermore, a reel device is rotatably arranged at the front end of the clamping and conveying device, and the reel device is in the form of an impeller which is rotatably arranged.

Furthermore, the lower part of the clamping and conveying device is provided with a soil cleaning device, the soil cleaning device comprises clamping rods and eccentric blocks which are oppositely arranged, the clamping rods are arranged corresponding to each conveying channel of the clamping and conveying device, and the eccentric blocks are driven by a motor to drive the clamping rods oppositely arranged. So that the garlic bulb can shake off the floating soil on the surface layer of the garlic bulb by opposite vibration.

Further, the seedling cutting device is arranged in the following form: the seedling cutting device comprises a cutter motor, an upper cutter, a lower cutter, a clamping mechanism and a hinge, wherein the hinge is used for mounting the whole device, the upper cutter and the lower cutter are respectively arranged on the two bases, and the two cutters are arranged oppositely. A clamping mechanism is arranged between the two bases and used for adjusting the distance between the two cutters. The two cutters are driven by the cutter motor to cut off the garlic stems in clamping and conveying.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. compared with manual harvesting, the device has the advantages of labor saving, time saving and high working efficiency, and can be used for harvesting garlic in a large and small row planting mode;

2. compared with the existing garlic harvesting device, the device has the advantages of good grain guiding and lifting effect, convenient walking, easy moving, easy operation, good soil adaptability, low garlic damage rate and high efficiency.

3. The device has the characteristics of simple and reasonable structure, easiness in processing, strong practicability, low price, convenience in use, higher market demand and the like, and is easy to popularize and apply.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of a rod cutting device of a pull-type large and small row garlic combine harvester according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a straw cutting device of a pull-type large and small row garlic harvester according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a straw guiding device of the pull-type large and small row garlic harvester of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a seedling cutting device of a pull-type large and small garlic harvester with rows according to the invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a soil cleaning device of a pull-type large and small garlic harvester according to the invention;

reference numerals:

1-straw guiding device 2-suspension shaft combination 3-vehicle frame 4-opposite device 5-hydraulic oil tank 6-lifting rod 7-straw shifting device 8-clamping conveying device 9-digging shovel 10-control center 11-seat 12-adjusting rod 13-soil cleaning device 14-harvesting unit frame 15-wheel combination 16-seedling cutting device 17-garlic head conveyor 18-garlic head collecting device 19-seedling dropping device 20-floating rod 21-straw guiding rod 22-axle center 23-baffle 24-upper cutter 25-lower cutter 26-clamping mechanism 27-hinge joint

The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, the traction-type large and small row garlic combine harvester is mainly applied to a large and small row garlic planting mode, the planting mode is mainly flat, the row spacing of planting is generally 18-20 cm, the plant spacing is generally 18-20 cm, the height of a single plant is generally 60-70 cm, the height after bolting is generally 50-60 cm, and the growing depth of raw garlic is generally within a soil layer of 4-5 cm.

The agricultural machinery comprises a frame 3, wherein the frame 3 is a main body supporting part of the agricultural machinery, a wheel combination 15 is arranged at the bottom of the frame 3, a suspension shaft combination 2 is arranged at the front part of the frame 3, and the suspension shaft combination 2 is used for connecting the existing agricultural machinery, such as a tractor and the like. The frame 3 is driven by the agricultural machine to move integrally for collecting operation.

The frame 3 is provided with a harvesting unit frame 14, the harvesting unit frame 14 is in a frame form, and the harvesting unit frame 14 is provided with a line aligning device 4, a clamping and conveying device 8 and a digging shovel 9.

The row aligning device 4 is arranged between the harvesting unit frame 14 and the frame 3. The row aligning device 4 comprises a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic oil tank 5, the hydraulic cylinder is a double-acting hydraulic cylinder, and the relative position between the harvesting unit frame 14 and the frame 3, namely the orientation of the digging shovel 9 and the conveying device, is controlled by controlling the extension amount of an output shaft of the hydraulic cylinder so as to align garlic seedlings.

The front top surface of the harvesting unit frame 14 is also provided with a straw guiding device 1, the straw guiding device 1 comprises a floating rod 20, a straw guiding rod 21, a bearing 22 and a baffle 23, the straw guiding device 1 is rotatably arranged on the front top surface of the harvesting unit frame 14 through the bearing 22, and the floating rod 20 is elastically connected with the frame 3. The straw guiding rods 21 are arranged obliquely, the straw guiding rods 21 correspond to each other pairwise, the front part of the form is wide, the back part of the form is narrow, and the garlic straws are guided to a proper position, namely, the garlic straws are clamped between the corresponding belts of the conveying device 8.

An adjusting rod 12 is arranged at the bottom of the frame 3, and the front end of the adjusting rod 12 is in a digging shovel 9 form.

The rear part of the frame 3 is provided with a seedling cutting device 16, the bottom of the seedling cutting device 16 is provided with a garlic bulb conveyor 17, and the tail end of the conveyor is provided with a garlic bulb collecting device 18. The seedling cutting device 16 is used for cutting off garlic stalks, and the conveyor is used for collecting garlic bulbs after the garlic stalks are cut and conveying the garlic bulbs to the garlic bulb collecting device 18.

A seedling falling device 19 is arranged at the rear part of the seedling cutting device 16 and is used for collecting the fallen seedlings.

Furthermore, a control center 10 is arranged on the harvesting unit frame 14, the control center 10 is used for controlling the start and stop of each unit of the equipment, and a seat 11 is arranged at the front part of the control center 10 and used for an operator to sit.

Furthermore, the clamping and conveying device 8 is integrally hinged to the harvesting unit frame 14, a lifting rod 6 is arranged on the side edge of the front portion of the clamping and conveying device, the lifting rod 6 is in a screw sleeve mode, the screw sleeve end of the lifting rod is arranged on the side edge of the clamping and conveying device 8, the screw rod end of the lifting rod is rotatably arranged on the frame 3, and the specific angle and the adjustment distance between the lifting rod 6 and the frame 3 are determined.

Further, a reel device 7 is rotatably arranged at the front end of the clamping and conveying device 8, and the reel device 7 is in the form of an impeller which is rotatably arranged.

Further, the soil cleaning device 13 is arranged on the lower portion of the clamping and conveying device 8, the soil cleaning device 13 comprises clamping rods and eccentric blocks which are arranged in an opposite mode, the clamping rods are arranged corresponding to each conveying channel of the clamping and conveying device 8, and the clamping rods arranged in the opposite mode are driven by the motor to drive the eccentric blocks. So that the garlic bulb can shake off the floating soil on the surface layer of the garlic bulb by opposite vibration.

Further, the seedling cutting device 16 is arranged as follows: the seedling cutting device 16 comprises a cutter motor, an upper cutter 24, a lower cutter 25, a clamping mechanism 26 and a hinge 27, wherein the hinge 27 is used for mounting the whole device, the upper cutter 24 and the lower cutter 25 are respectively arranged on two bases, and the two cutters are arranged oppositely. A clamping mechanism 26 is provided between the two bases for adjusting the spacing between the two cutters. The two cutters are driven by the cutter motor to cut off the garlic stems in clamping and conveying.

When the harvester works, the agricultural machine pulls and walks to provide power, the seedling guiding device 1 finishes the lifting of garlic sprouts, the seedling guiding device 1 finishes the separation of the garlic sprouts in the harvesting width range and outside garlic sprouts, meanwhile, the digging shovel 9 finishes the operation of loosening the soil and cutting off garlic roots, and the clamping and conveying device 8 clamps the whole garlic and conveys the whole garlic backwards while pulling up: a soil cleaning device 13 is arranged below the front section of the clamping and conveying device 8, garlic can be separated, the garlic is conveyed to a seedling cutting device 16 by the clamping and conveying device 8 and is arranged in sequence, garlic stems are cut off by a cutting knife at the fruit stem separation section, the cut garlic heads directly fall into a garlic head conveyor 17, the garlic head conveyor 17 conveys the garlic into four hanging woven bags hung on a garlic head collecting device 18, the garlic stems are conveyed backwards continuously, the garlic stems are collected and sprinkled to the ground by the seedling dropping device 19, after the four hanging woven bags are fully collected, the garlic is parked and replaced by new collecting woven bags, and the garlic harvesting operation is continued.