阅读说明：本技术 一种汽车用隔音地毯及其制备方法 (Sound insulation carpet for automobile and preparation method thereof ) 是由 包亚忠 蔡有臣 李明 刘帅呈 于 2019-11-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种汽车用隔音地毯及其制备方法。汽车用隔音地毯包括依次连接的表面装饰层、隔绝层、骨架层和隔音层；所述表面装饰层为PET针刺面料层,隔绝层由PE和PA制成,骨架层由PET、PP和纯棉制成,所述隔音层包含聚氨酯弹性体；所述骨架层和隔音层之间连接有吸附层,所述吸附层包括以下重量份的组分：5-10份活性炭纳米纤维、2.5-4.5份硅胶、1-3份分子筛、5-10份大孔吸附树脂、15-20份聚乙烯醇、3-5份苔藓粉末。本发明的汽车用隔音地毯吸音性和弹性恢复好,隔音效果强,减震效果好,且无VOC释放,较为环保,且能隔热、阻燃、抗静电。(The invention discloses a sound insulation carpet for an automobile and a preparation method thereof. The automobile sound insulation carpet comprises a surface decoration layer, an isolation layer, a framework layer and a sound insulation layer which are sequentially connected; the surface decoration layer is a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) needling fabric layer, the isolation layer is made of PE and PA, the framework layer is made of PET, PP and pure cotton, and the sound insulation layer comprises a polyurethane elastomer; an adsorption layer is connected between the framework layer and the sound insulation layer, and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of activated carbon nanofiber, 2.5-4.5 parts of silica gel, 1-3 parts of molecular sieve, 5-10 parts of macroporous adsorption resin, 15-20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 3-5 parts of moss powder. The sound-insulating carpet for the automobile has the advantages of good sound absorption and elastic recovery, strong sound-insulating effect, good damping effect, no VOC (volatile organic compounds) release, environmental protection, heat insulation, flame retardance and static resistance.)

1. A sound insulation carpet for an automobile is characterized by comprising a surface decoration layer (1), an isolation layer (2), a framework layer (3) and a sound insulation layer (4) which are sequentially connected;

the surface decoration layer (1) is a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) needling fabric layer, the isolation layer (2) is made of PE and PA, the framework layer (3) is made of PET, PP and pure cotton, and the sound insulation layer (4) comprises a polyurethane elastomer;

an adsorption layer (5) is connected between the framework layer (3) and the sound insulation layer (4), and the adsorption layer (5) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of activated carbon nanofiber, 2.5-4.5 parts of silica gel, 1-3 parts of molecular sieve, 5-10 parts of macroporous adsorption resin, 15-20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 3-5 parts of moss powder.

2. The soundproof carpet for automobile according to claim 1, wherein the activated carbon nanofiber is prepared by a method comprising:

(1) mixing 7-14 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylformamide, 3-8 parts by weight of polyacrylonitrile, 1-3 parts by weight of nano tin antimony oxide and 1.4-2.6 parts by weight of PET master batch, heating and stirring at the stirring speed of 20-50r/min and the heating temperature of 225-250 ℃, heating for 10-20min to prepare a precursor solution, and spinning the precursor solution into active carbon nanofiber precursor by using an electrostatic spinning method;

(2) pre-oxidizing the active carbon nanofiber precursor;

(3) placing the preoxidized carbon nanofiber precursor in a reactor, introducing nitrogen for 80-90min at the flow rate of 200-220ml/min, heating to 800-850 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5-1h, introducing water for 30-40min, cooling to 250 ℃, degassing for 10min, and preparing the activated carbon nanofiber.

3. The soundproof carpet for vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of PA and PE in the insulation layer (2) is 1 (2.5-3.5), and the weight ratio of PP, PET and pure cotton in the skeleton layer (3) is 2 (4.5-5.3): 2.7-3.2.

4. The soundproof carpet for automobile according to claim 1, wherein the polyurethane elastomer is produced by a method comprising: mixing 2-5 parts of glycerol and 4-8 parts of hydroxypropyl cellulose, dehydrating in vacuum, adding 2-4 parts of isophorone diisocyanate and 2-4 parts of 4, 4-dicyclohexyl methane diisocyanate under the protection of nitrogen, uniformly mixing, adding 0.3-0.6 part of dibutyltin dilaurate, stirring and reacting at 80-90 ℃ for 1-2h, adding 0.2-0.6 part of 1, 4-butanediol, adding 0.3-0.7 part of trimethylolpropane, and stirring for 1.5-2h to obtain the polyurethane elastomer.

5. The automotive sound insulation carpet as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sound insulation layer (4) further comprises a heat insulation component, the mass ratio of the heat insulation component to the polyurethane elastomer is (0.4-0.7):1, and the heat insulation component comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.3-0.8 part of nano indium tin oxide, 1.2-1.7 parts of cross-linked polyethylene, 0.6-1.1 parts of glass fiber and 0.8-1.3 parts of phenolic resin.

6. The soundproof carpet for automobile according to claim 1, wherein the molecular sieve is made of a mixture of silica, alumina, and kaolin, and the mass ratio of silica, alumina, and kaolin is (0.7-1.2): (0.4-0.7): (1-1.5).

7. The automotive sound insulation carpet as claimed in claim 1, wherein the macroporous adsorbent resin is a combination of one or more of styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, crosslinked polystyrene and polyamide.

8. The automotive sound insulation carpet as claimed in claim 2, wherein the electrospinning method comprises the following specific steps: and pouring the precursor solution into an injector, and carrying out electrospinning in an electrostatic spinning device to obtain precursor, wherein the voltage is 25-29kV, the distance from an emitter to a collector is 20cm, and the injection speed is 1-3 mL/h.

9. A method for preparing a soundproof carpet for an automobile according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the steps of:

s1, preparing the PET fiber into a surface decoration layer (1) through opening, mixing, carding, lapping, needling, coiling, napping and coiling; mixing PE and PA, heating to 200-260 ℃, pouring the mixture into a mold after melting, and forming an isolation layer (2) after curing;

s2, opening, mixing, carding, lapping, needling and blanching PET, PP and pure cotton to obtain a framework layer (3);

s3, melting and extruding the raw materials in the adsorption layer (5), coating the raw materials on one side of the framework layer (3), and solidifying to form the adsorption layer (5);

s4, connecting the surface decoration layer (1), the isolation layer (2) and the framework layer (3) in sequence, enabling the isolation layer (2) and one side, far away from the adsorption layer (5), of the framework layer (3) to be in mutual contact, and placing the connected product into an oven for shaping;

s5, uniformly mixing the polyurethane elastomer and the heat insulation component, heating and melting to obtain a sound insulation layer (4) blend, placing a mold on one side of the skeleton layer (3) far away from the adsorption layer (5) in the product obtained in the step S4, pouring the sound insulation layer (4) blend into the mold, solidifying the sound insulation layer (4) blend, then attaching the cured sound insulation layer (4) blend to the skeleton layer (3) to form a whole, finally heating by a setting machine, and carrying out compression molding at the temperature of 200-220 ℃ for the pressure maintaining time of 90-110S.

10. The method for preparing the soundproof carpet for automobile according to claim 9, wherein the temperature of the oven setting in the step S4 is 190-.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of automotive interior trim, in particular to an automotive sound insulation carpet and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The carpet for the vehicle is an interior trim part commonly applied to a cab of a motor vehicle, is one of indispensable automotive interior trims, has the main functions of blocking and eliminating noise transmitted from the bottom of the vehicle to the interior of the vehicle during driving, has the effects of shock absorption, heat preservation and the like, has soft treading feeling and can comprehensively improve the driving and riding comfort of a driver and passengers.

However, in order to achieve certain hardness and setting performance of the automotive interior carpet commonly used in the market at present, the interior carpet material often contains chemical latex, in order to prevent the carpet from foaming and puncturing, the interior carpet material usually contains chemical EPDM and EVA coatings, the chemical latex, EPDM and EVA chemical raw materials contain higher toxic and pungent smells such as formaldehyde, and the automotive interior carpet commonly used in the market has poor sound insulation performance, and the noise is higher during the operation of an automobile.

The sound absorption shock attenuation product that current car owner's carpet adopted generally divide into two kinds: cotton felt type and PU foam type; with the national requirement on the quality of air in a passenger car, the VOC value of a PU foamed carpet product is always high, and the PU foamed carpet product has great harm to human bodies in the car; the common flat hot air cotton felt product is fine denier fiber for meeting the requirements of sound absorption and shock absorption, but the product has poor elastic recovery and poor shock absorption effect.

In order to satisfy the constant pursuit of living quality and the constant development of economy, it is necessary to develop an environment-friendly carpet for automobiles, which has sound insulation and vibration absorption effects.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the first purpose of the invention is to provide the sound-insulating carpet for the automobile, which has the advantages of strong sound-absorbing and sound-insulating effects, good damping effect, no VOC (volatile organic compounds) release and environmental protection.

The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the sound-insulating carpet for the automobile, which has the advantages of simple preparation method, no generation of pollutants basically, low production difficulty and easy industrial production.

In order to achieve the first object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a sound insulation carpet for an automobile comprises a surface decoration layer, an isolation layer, a framework layer and a sound insulation layer which are sequentially connected;

the surface decoration layer is a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) needling fabric layer, the isolation layer is made of PE and PA, the framework layer is made of PET, PP and pure cotton, and the sound insulation layer comprises a polyurethane elastomer;

an adsorption layer is connected between the framework layer and the sound insulation layer, and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of activated carbon nanofiber, 2.5-4.5 parts of silica gel, 1-3 parts of molecular sieve, 5-10 parts of macroporous adsorption resin, 15-20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 3-5 parts of moss powder.

By adopting the technical scheme, because the PET needled fabric is used as the surface decoration layer, the PET needled fabric has better thermal stability, wear resistance, acid and alkali resistance, high porosity, good air permeability, high dust collection efficiency and longer service life, the isolation layer is prepared by blending PA and PE, the surface tension of the polyethylene has larger difference with the surface tension of water, and the isolation layer has excellent hydrophobic property, while the nylon has stronger tensile strength, impact resistance and thermal deformation temperature, and smaller elongation at break, and the isolation layer prepared by blending PA and PE has better waterproof and moistureproof effects, so that the carpet has excellent toughness, impact resistance and tear resistance; the framework layer is prepared from PET, PP and pure cotton, and because PET has good creep resistance, fatigue resistance and wear resistance, the water vapor permeability is low, the waterproof and damp-proof performance is excellent, but the impact strength is low, PP has good mechanical property and heat resistance, pure cotton has porosity, high elasticity, high softness, small heat conductivity coefficient and good heat insulation performance, and the prepared framework layer not only has strong flexibility and damp resistance, but also has good buffering, shock resistance and heat insulation performance by mixing PP, pure cotton and PET; the puigging uses polyurethane elastomer foaming to form, polyurethane elastomer stable performance after the foaming, unique microporous structure has, these microporous structures communicate each other in the material is inside, run through each other, and the micropore all outwards opens, with external intercommunication, thereby make the sound wave easily enter into the micropore and absorbed by the material, thereby make the puigging have good sound absorption nature, polyurethane elastomer's after the foaming elasticity is good simultaneously, natural frequency is low, the shock attenuation effect is showing, shock resistance is good, thereby make the carpet for the car have good syllable-dividing, shock attenuation and buffering effect.

The adsorbed layer is connected in the outside of puigging, when putting into the car with the carpet, the adsorbed layer that is located the puigging top can completely cut off and adsorb the VOC gas that the puigging gived off, because of the active carbon nanofiber has thinner diameter and comparatively developed pore structure, the VOC gas of being convenient for gets into and adsorbs, and be convenient for sound absorption amortization, molecular sieve and macroporous absorbent resin have the porous structure that can adsorb VOC gas molecule, nonpolar hydrocarbon class material in the air can be caught to silica gel, and have the effect that the shock attenuation was inhaled the sound, the moss powder can reduce VOC's concentration, polyvinyl alcohol can strengthen the adsorption efficiency of adsorbed layer with the active carbon nanofiber is in coordination, make the non-volatile VOC gas of sound insulation carpet in use, promote the environmental protection performance of automobile sound insulation carpet, the tensile properties and the toughness of reinforcing carpet.

Further, the activated carbon nanofiber is prepared by the following method:

(1) mixing 7-14 parts by weight of N, N-dimethylformamide, 3-8 parts by weight of polyacrylonitrile, 1-3 parts by weight of nano tin antimony oxide and 1.4-2.6 parts by weight of PET master batch, heating and stirring at the stirring speed of 20-50r/min and the heating temperature of 225-250 ℃, heating for 10-20min to prepare a precursor solution, and spinning the precursor solution into active carbon nanofiber precursor by using an electrostatic spinning method;

(2) pre-oxidizing the active carbon nanofiber precursor;

(3) placing the preoxidized carbon nanofiber precursor in a reactor, introducing nitrogen for 80-90min at the flow rate of 200-220ml/min, heating to 800-850 ℃, preserving heat for 0.5-1h, introducing water for 30-40min, cooling to 250 ℃, degassing for 10min, and preparing the activated carbon nanofiber.

By adopting the technical scheme, N-dimethylformamide and polyacrylonitrile are used as main raw materials of the spinning precursor solution, the prepared active carbon nanofiber has a thinner fiber diameter and a more developed pore structure and has stronger capability of adsorbing VOC gas, nano tin antimony oxide and PET master batches are added, the specific surface area of the nano tin antimony oxide is large, the heat transfer effect can be reduced, the heat insulation and flame retardant effects are generated, the interaction of uniformly dispersed nano tin antimony oxide ions can form a conductive film, the charge movement in the conductive film can realize the high transmittance and the antistatic effect, the PET master batches have better heat insulation, flame retardance and sound insulation, the PET master batches, the nano tin antimony oxide and the N, N-dimethylformamide are blended to prepare the active carbon nanofiber, and the heat insulation, the moisture resistance and the moisture resistance of the active carbon nanofiber can be improved, The prepared sound insulation layer has good sound insulation and absorption effects, good heat insulation, flame retardance and antistatic performance, and the original yarn is prepared by using an electrostatic weaving method, so that the preparation method is simple and convenient and has low cost.

Furthermore, the mass ratio of PA to PE in the isolation layer is 1 (2.5-3.5), and the mass ratio of PP, PET and pure cotton in the framework layer is 2 (4.5-5.3) to 2.7-3.2.

By adopting the technical scheme, the raw materials in the isolation layer and the framework layer are reasonable in proportion, so that the prepared automobile carpet has good water-proof, moisture-proof, heat-insulating and sound-absorbing effects.

Further, the polyurethane elastomer is prepared by the following method: mixing 2-5 parts of glycerol and 4-8 parts of hydroxypropyl cellulose, dehydrating in vacuum, adding 2-4 parts of isophorone diisocyanate and 2-4 parts of 4, 4-dicyclohexyl methane diisocyanate under the protection of nitrogen, uniformly mixing, adding 0.3-0.6 part of dibutyltin dilaurate, stirring and reacting at 80-90 ℃ for 1-2h, adding 0.2-0.6 part of 1, 4-butanediol, adding 0.3-0.7 part of trimethylolpropane, and stirring for 1.5-2h to obtain the polyurethane elastomer.

By adopting the technical scheme, glycerol reacts with isocyanate to generate polyurethane, a large number of hydroxyl groups are contained on hydroxypropyl cellulose, the hydroxypropyl cellulose also reacts with the isocyanate, isocyanic acid radicals are grafted, the two reactions are carried out simultaneously, a chain extender and a cross-linking agent are added, the polyurethane and the hydroxypropyl cellulose not only can carry out self chain extension and cross-linking, but also can carry out mutual cross-linking to form a cross-linking structure with uniform components, isophorone diisocyanate and 4, 4-dicyclohexyl methane diisocyanate increase polar groups, the intermolecular force is increased, and the obtained polyurethane elastomer has good high-temperature performance, so that the prepared automobile carpet can resist high temperature and has flame retardant performance; the glycerol has low molecular weight and better compatibility with isophorone diisocyanate and 4, 4-dicyclohexyl methane diisocyanate, so that the obtained polyurethane elastomer has better elasticity, is applied to a sound insulation layer of an automobile carpet, enables the carpet to have better shock absorption and buffering effects, and can reduce damage caused by violent impact.

Further, the sound insulation layer also comprises a heat insulation component, the mass ratio of the heat insulation component to the polyurethane elastomer is (0.4-0.7) to 1, and the heat insulation component comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.3-0.8 part of nano indium tin oxide, 1.2-1.7 parts of cross-linked polyethylene, 0.6-1.1 parts of glass fiber and 0.8-1.3 parts of phenolic resin.

By adopting the technical scheme, because the heat generated by the engine is conducted into the automobile through the bottom surface of the automobile in the driving process of the automobile, the heat insulation component is doped in the sound insulation layer which is in contact with the inside of the automobile, the heat can be isolated, the temperature of the automobile carpet can be reduced, a good heat insulation effect can be achieved, the heat conductivity coefficient of the nano indium tin oxide is small, the nano indium tin oxide has good wear resistance, excellent sound insulation effect is achieved, the heat conductivity coefficient of the cross-linked polyethylene is small, the cross-linked polyethylene has good mechanical property, no harmful substances are released after combustion, the sound insulation, shock absorption, moisture resistance, water resistance and acid potassium corrosion resistance are achieved, the glass fiber and the phenolic resin have good heat preservation, heat insulation, sound insulation, fire resistance and flame retardant effects uniformly, the heat insulation component is doped into the sound insulation layer, the wear resistance and flame resistance of the sound insulation layer can be enhanced while the heat insulation effect of the, the problem of unstable foaming performance of the polyurethane elastomer caused by doping of the nano indium tin oxide can be solved, and the nano indium tin oxide and the nano tin antimony oxide in the activated carbon nanofiber act synergistically, so that the heat insulation layer has an antistatic effect and dust adhesion is prevented.

Furthermore, the molecular sieve is prepared by mixing silicon oxide, aluminum oxide and kaolin, and the mass ratio of the silicon oxide to the aluminum oxide to the kaolin is (0.7-1.2) to (0.4-0.7) to (1-1.5).

By adopting the technical scheme, the silicon oxide, the aluminum oxide and the kaolin have certain micro pores, can adsorb VOC, and reduce air pollution in the vehicle.

Further, the macroporous adsorption resin is one or a composition of more of styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, crosslinked polystyrene and polyamide.

By adopting the technical scheme, the styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer, the crosslinked polystyrene and the polyamide have uniform surface aperture structures, larger specific surface area and mechanical strength, and good high-temperature resistance, and the special aperture structures can absorb VOC pollutant gas, reduce pollution and simultaneously enhance the tensile property and the high-temperature resistance of the automobile carpet.

Further, the electrostatic spinning method comprises the following specific steps: and pouring the precursor solution into an injector, and carrying out electrospinning in an electrostatic spinning device to obtain precursor, wherein the voltage is 25-29kV, the distance from an emitter to a collector is 20cm, and the injection speed is 1-3 mL/h.

In order to achieve the second object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation method of a sound insulation carpet for an automobile comprises the following steps:

s1, preparing the PET fibers into the surface decoration layer through opening, mixing, carding, lapping, needling, coiling, napping and coiling; mixing PE and PA, heating to 200-260 ℃, pouring the mixture into a mold after melting, and forming an isolation layer after curing;

s2, opening, mixing, carding, lapping, needling and blanching PET, PP and pure cotton to obtain a framework layer;

s3, melting and extruding the raw materials in the adsorption layer, coating the raw materials on one side of the framework layer, and solidifying to form the adsorption layer;

s4, connecting the surface decoration layer, the isolation layer and the framework layer in sequence, enabling the isolation layer and one side of the framework layer far away from the adsorption layer to be in mutual contact, and placing the connected product into an oven for shaping;

s5, mixing the polyurethane elastomer and the heat insulation component uniformly, heating and melting to obtain a sound insulation layer blend, placing a mold on one side of the skeleton layer away from the sound insulation layer in the product obtained in the step S4, pouring the sound insulation layer blend into the mold, bonding the sound insulation layer blend and the skeleton layer into a whole after curing, heating by a setting machine, and carrying out compression molding at the temperature of 200 ℃ and 220 ℃ for the pressure maintaining time of 90-110S.

By adopting the technical scheme, the surface decorative layer, the isolation layer and the framework layer are sequentially connected and then are shaped by the baking oven, the raw materials in the sound insulation layer are melted and poured into the die on the framework layer, the raw materials in the sound insulation layer are solidified, the sound insulation layer is bonded with the framework layer under the bonding force of the polyurethane elastomer, and then the automobile carpet is shaped by the shaping machine to be prepared.

Further, the temperature of the oven setting in the step S4 is 190-.

In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

firstly, in the invention, a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) needled fabric layer is used as a surface decoration layer, PE and PA are used for preparing an isolation layer, PET, PP and pure cotton are used for preparing a framework layer, and a polyurethane elastomer is used for preparing a sound insulation layer, wherein the polyurethane elastomer has better sound absorption and sound insulation effects, can reduce the transmission of noise, and improves the concrete better waterproof, damp-proof, flame-retardant and heat insulation, buffering, shock absorption and mechanical strength after the sound insulation effect is combined by multiple layers.

Secondly, because the adsorption layer is arranged between the sound insulation layer and the framework layer, and the adsorption layer is made of active carbon nanofibers, silica gel, polyvinyl alcohol and other substances, the active carbon nanofibers have a fine diameter and a developed pore structure, the silica gel can capture nonpolar hydrocarbon substances in the air, and can be used in cooperation with the polyvinyl alcohol and other substances to adsorb volatile organic compounds, reduce the volatilization of harmful gases in the sound insulation carpet, and improve the environmental protection performance of the automobile carpet.

And thirdly, nanometer tin antimony oxide is doped into the activated carbon nanofibers, nanometer indium tin oxide is doped into the sound insulation layer to serve as a heat insulation component, the nanometer tin antimony oxide can be uniformly dispersed in the activated carbon nanofibers to form a conductive film, the nanometer tin antimony oxide has flame retardant and heat insulation properties, and the nanometer tin antimony oxide is matched with the nanometer indium tin oxide with conductive and heat insulation effects to improve the conductive capacity of the adsorption layer and the sound insulation layer, so that the antistatic effect and the heat insulation performance of the sound insulation carpet are enhanced.

And fourthly, the nano tin antimony oxide and the PET master batch are doped into the activated carbon nanofiber, the PET master batch has better flame retardance, heat insulation and sound insulation, and the nano tin antimony oxide can reduce heat transfer and generate flame retardance and heat insulation effects, so that the flame retardance, heat insulation and sound absorption effects of the activated carbon nanofiber can be improved, and the flame retardance, heat insulation and noise reduction effects of the sound insulation carpet are enhanced.

Fifth, in the invention, the heat insulation component is doped in the sound insulation layer, and the heat insulation component is prepared by mixing substances such as nano indium tin oxide, glass fiber, cross-linked polyethylene and the like, so that the substances such as the glass fiber and the like have the effects of flame retardance, heat insulation and sound insulation, and can block heat and reduce heat transmission.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a soundproof carpet for an automobile according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a surface decorative layer; 2. an insulating layer; 3. a framework layer; 4. a sound insulating layer; 5. and an adsorption layer.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples.

Preparation examples 1 to 3 of activated carbon nanofiber

In preparation examples 1 to 3, polyacrylonitrile was selected from 15W polyacrylonitrile sold by Suzhou Huitong Wang plastication Co., Ltd, nano antimony tin oxide was selected from XH-BT-01-1 nano antimony oxide sold by Shanghai Xiao Zhuang nano science Co., Ltd, and PET master batch was selected from MB-PET master batch sold by Jinan Nature New Material science Co., Ltd.

Preparation example 1: (1) mixing 7kg of N, N-dimethylformamide, 3kg of polyacrylonitrile, 1kg of nano tin antimony oxide and 1.4kg of PET master batch, heating and stirring at the stirring speed of 20r/min and the heating temperature of 225 ℃, heating for 20min to prepare a precursor solution, and spinning the precursor solution into active carbon nanofiber precursor by using an electrostatic spinning method;

the electrostatic spinning method comprises the following specific steps: pouring the precursor solution into an injector, and carrying out electrospinning in an electrostatic spinning device to obtain precursor, wherein the voltage is 25kV, the distance from an emitter to a collector is 20cm, and the injection speed is 1 mL/h;

(2) pre-oxidizing the active carbon nanofiber precursor;

(3) placing the preoxidized carbon nanofiber precursor in a reactor, introducing nitrogen for 80min at the flow rate of 220ml/min, heating to 800 ℃, preserving heat for 1h, introducing water for 30min, cooling to 250 ℃, and degassing for 10min to obtain the activated carbon nanofiber.

Preparation example 2: (1) mixing 11kg of N, N-dimethylformamide, 5kg of polyacrylonitrile, 2kg of nano tin antimony oxide and 2kg of PET master batch, heating and stirring at the stirring speed of 40r/min and the heating temperature of 235 ℃, heating for 15min to prepare a precursor solution, and spinning the precursor solution into active carbon nanofiber precursor by using an electrostatic spinning method;

the electrostatic spinning method comprises the following specific steps: pouring the precursor solution into an injector, and carrying out electrospinning in an electrostatic spinning device to obtain precursor, wherein the voltage is 27kV, the distance from an emitter to a collector is 20cm, and the injection speed is 2 mL/h;

(2) pre-oxidizing the active carbon nanofiber precursor;

(3) and placing the preoxidized carbon nanofiber precursor in a reactor, introducing nitrogen for 85min at the flow rate of 210ml/min, heating to 830 ℃, preserving heat for 0.8h, introducing water for 35min, cooling to 250 ℃, and degassing for 10min to obtain the activated carbon nanofiber.

Preparation example 3: (1) mixing 14kg of N, N-dimethylformamide, 8kg of polyacrylonitrile, 3kg of nano tin antimony oxide and 2.6kg of PET master batch, heating and stirring at the stirring speed of 50r/min and the heating temperature of 250 ℃ for 10min to prepare a precursor solution, and spinning the precursor solution into active carbon nanofiber precursor by using an electrostatic spinning method;

the electrostatic spinning method comprises the following specific steps: pouring the precursor solution into an injector, and carrying out electrospinning in an electrostatic spinning device to obtain precursor, wherein the voltage is 29kV, the distance from an emitter to a collector is 20cm, and the injection speed is 3 mL/h;

(2) pre-oxidizing the active carbon nanofiber precursor;

(3) placing the preoxidized carbon nanofiber precursor in a reactor, introducing nitrogen for 90min at the flow rate of 200ml/min, heating to 850 ℃, keeping the temperature for 0.5h, introducing water for 40min, cooling to 250 ℃, and degassing for 10min to obtain the activated carbon nanofiber.

Preparation examples 4 to 6 of polyurethane elastomer

Preparation example 4: mixing 2kg of glycerol and 4kg of hydroxypropyl cellulose, dehydrating in vacuum, adding 2kg of isophorone diisocyanate and 2kg of 4, 4-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate under the protection of nitrogen, uniformly mixing, adding 0.3kg of dibutyltin dilaurate, stirring and reacting at 80 ℃ for 2 hours, adding 0.2kg of 1, 4-butanediol, adding 0.3kg of trimethylolpropane, and stirring for 1.5 hours to obtain the polyurethane elastomer.

Preparation example 5: mixing 3.5kg of glycerol and 6kg of hydroxypropyl cellulose, dehydrating in vacuum, adding 3kg of isophorone diisocyanate and 3kg of 4, 4-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate under the protection of nitrogen, uniformly mixing, adding 0.4kg of dibutyltin dilaurate, stirring and reacting at 85 ℃ for 1.5h, adding 0.4kg of 1, 4-butanediol, adding 0.5kg of trimethylolpropane, and stirring for 1.8h to obtain the polyurethane elastomer.

Preparation example 6: mixing 5kg of glycerol and 8kg of hydroxypropyl cellulose, dehydrating in vacuum, adding 4kg of isophorone diisocyanate and 4kg of 4, 4-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate under the protection of nitrogen, uniformly mixing, adding 0.6kg of dibutyltin dilaurate, stirring and reacting at 90 ℃ for 1h, adding 0.6kg of 1, 4-butanediol, adding 0.7kg of trimethylolpropane, and stirring for 2h to obtain the polyurethane elastomer.