阅读说明：本技术 加载天线罩不均匀分布的小型化Vivaldi阵列天线 (Small Vivaldi array antenna with unevenly distributed loaded antenna housing ) 是由 吕艳亭 白旭东 孙朦朦 钱婧怡 孔凡伟 颜卫忠 于 2021-06-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明的加载天线罩不均匀分布的小型化Vivaldi阵列天线,包括对拓型Vivaldi天线单元和金属底板；所述对拓型Vivaldi天线单元不均匀排布在所述金属底板上；所述对拓型Vivaldi天线单元包括前辐射贴片和后辐射贴片,所述前辐射贴片和所述后辐射贴片上均开设有周期性排布的“一”字型缝隙。本发明的加载天线罩不均匀分布的小型化Vivaldi阵列天线,实现了Vivaldi阵列天线的小型化。(The invention relates to a miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna with an unevenly distributed loading antenna housing, which comprises a pair of extension Vivaldi antenna units and a metal base plate; the opposite-extension Vivaldi antenna units are unevenly distributed on the metal base plate; the opposite-extension Vivaldi antenna unit comprises a front radiation patch and a rear radiation patch, wherein linear gaps which are periodically arranged are formed in the front radiation patch and the rear radiation patch. The miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna with the unevenly distributed loading antenna housing realizes the miniaturization of the Vivaldi array antenna.)

1. The small Vivaldi array antenna with the unevenly distributed loading antenna housing is characterized by comprising a pair of extension type Vivaldi antenna units and a metal bottom plate; the opposite-extension Vivaldi antenna units are unevenly distributed on the metal base plate; the opposite-extension Vivaldi antenna unit comprises a front radiation patch and a rear radiation patch, wherein linear gaps which are periodically arranged are formed in the front radiation patch and the rear radiation patch.

2. The non-uniformly distributed, miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna loaded radome of claim 1, wherein the diagonal Vivaldi antenna elements are arranged in a randomly optimal distribution; the random optimal distribution mode is used for designing the distance between each pair of extension Vivaldi antenna units, and the isolation of the array ports is optimal through continuous simulation optimization design.

3. The non-uniformly radome-loaded miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna of claim 1, further comprising a radome housing the opposite-topology Vivaldi antenna elements on the metal chassis; the antenna housing is made of silicon nitride ceramics.

4. The non-uniformly loaded radome miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna of claim 3 wherein the radome is a tangential oval structure.

5. The non-uniformly distributed, miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna loaded radome of claim 1 wherein the pattern formed by the "in-line" shaped slots on the rear radiating patch is identical to the pattern formed by the "in-line" shaped slots on the front radiating patch.

6. The non-uniformly distributed miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna with loaded radome of claim 5, wherein a periodicity comprises a plurality of mutually parallel slots of a shape like a straight line, the slots of the shape like a straight line having different sizes.

7. The miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna with an unevenly distributed loaded radome of claim 6, wherein a periodicity comprises three slots in a shape of a straight line, the slots having a size of 0.8mm x 9mm, 0.6mm x 9.86mm and 0.6mm x 2.86mm, which are arranged in sequence.

8. The miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna with unevenly distributed loading radome of claim 7, wherein the butt-topology Vivaldi antenna unit further comprises a dielectric substrate and SMA radio frequency connectors, wherein the front radiation patch and the rear radiation patch are respectively disposed on two outer surfaces of the dielectric substrate, and the SMA radio frequency connectors are disposed under the dielectric substrate and connected with both the front radiation patch and the rear radiation patch.

9. The non-uniformly radome distributed miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna of claim 8 wherein the metal chassis has a diameter of 155 mm; eight butt-extension Vivaldi antenna units are provided, and the size of the dielectric substrate is 72mm multiplied by 48mm multiplied by 0.508 mm.

10. The non-uniformly distributed miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna with loaded radome of claim 9, wherein the dielectric substrate is made of Rogers RO 4003; the front radiation patch and the rear radiation patch are made of metal copper; the metal bottom plate is made of a 6061 aluminum plate.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna with a loaded radome in uneven distribution.

Background

With the research and development of the fifth generation mobile communication technology, the millimeter wave frequency band has gained more and more attention as a new spectrum resource. The Vivaldi antenna is a high-gain and broadband end-fire traveling wave antenna, and is widely applied and researched due to the characteristics of low cost and easiness in processing.

Vivaldi antennas play an increasingly important role in the fields of radar, communication and electronic countermeasure due to the advantages of broadband, high gain and low cross polarization. With the development of planar integrated circuits, printed Vivaldi array antennas with low profile, easy integration and low cost become the current research focus, and the application of Vivaldi array antennas in millimeter wave frequency bands has important significance.

Currently, Vivaldi antennas have been widely used in military and civilian communications as a phased array antenna unit. The Vivaldi array antenna miniaturization research method has important significance for the limited space of airborne and missile-borne platforms.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna with a loaded radome unevenly distributed, and the miniaturization of the Vivaldi array antenna is realized.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna with a non-uniform distribution loading radome, comprising a pair of extension Vivaldi antenna units and a metal base plate; the opposite-extension Vivaldi antenna units are unevenly distributed on the metal base plate; the opposite-extension Vivaldi antenna unit comprises a front radiation patch and a rear radiation patch, wherein linear gaps which are periodically arranged are formed in the front radiation patch and the rear radiation patch.

The miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna with the unevenly distributed loading antenna housing is characterized in that the opposite-extension Vivaldi antenna units are distributed in a random optimal distribution mode; the random optimal distribution mode is used for designing the distance between each pair of extension Vivaldi antenna units, and the isolation of the array ports is optimal through continuous simulation optimization design.

The miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna with the unevenly distributed loading antenna housing further comprises an antenna housing, wherein the antenna housing covers the opposite-extension Vivaldi antenna unit on the metal base plate; the antenna housing is made of silicon nitride ceramics; the antenna housing is of a tangential oval structure.

The miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna with the unevenly distributed loading antenna housing is characterized in that the pattern formed by the linear gap on the rear radiation patch is completely the same as the pattern formed by the linear gap on the front radiation patch. The slot type air conditioner periodically comprises a plurality of parallel linear slots, and the sizes of the linear slots are different.

The miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna with the unevenly distributed loading antenna housing comprises three linear slots with the sizes of 0.8mm multiplied by 9mm, 0.6mm multiplied by 9.86mm and 0.6mm multiplied by 2.86mm which are arranged in sequence, wherein one periodic slot comprises three linear slots; the diameter of the metal bottom plate is 155 mm; eight butt-extension Vivaldi antenna units are provided, and the size of the dielectric substrate is 72mm multiplied by 48mm multiplied by 0.508 mm.

The miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna with the unevenly distributed loading radome further comprises a dielectric substrate and an SMA radio frequency connector, wherein the front radiation patch and the rear radiation patch are respectively arranged on two outer surfaces of the dielectric substrate, and the SMA radio frequency connector is arranged below the dielectric substrate and is connected with the front radiation patch and the rear radiation patch.

The miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna with the loaded antenna housing unevenly distributed is characterized in that the dielectric substrate is made of Rogers RO 4003; the front radiation patch and the rear radiation patch are made of metal copper; the metal bottom plate is made of a 6061 aluminum plate.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:

according to the Vivaldi array antenna, the extension Vivaldi antenna units are distributed unevenly, and the extension Vivaldi antenna units are provided with the radiation patches with the linear gaps, so that the miniaturization of the array antenna is realized, and the problem of limited space of an airborne and missile-borne platform is solved;

according to the Vivaldi array antenna, the isolation of the array antenna is improved by reasonably selecting the spacing of the Vivaldi antenna units;

the Vivaldi antenna unit of the Vivaldi array antenna is simple in structure, easy to process and manufacture in batches and low in cost;

according to the Vivaldi array antenna, due to the introduction of the silicon nitride ceramic radome, the gain of the Vivaldi array antenna is increased, and the isolation problem of the array antenna is improved.

Drawings

The miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna with the unevenly distributed loaded radome of the present invention is given by the following examples and the attached drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna with a non-uniform loaded radome according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a schematic Vivaldi antenna element according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional Vivaldi antenna element.

Fig. 4 is a simulation diagram of standing waves of a miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna with a non-uniform loading radome distribution according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a simulation diagram of isolation of an unevenly distributed miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna under an unloaded radome.

Fig. 6 is a simulation diagram of isolation under a loaded radome of a non-uniformly distributed miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna.

Fig. 7 is a simulation diagram of gain under an unloaded radome of the unevenly distributed miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna.

Fig. 8 is a simulation diagram of gain under a non-uniformly distributed miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna loaded radome.

Detailed Description

The miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna with unevenly distributed loading radome of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to fig. 1 to 8.

The small Vivaldi array antenna with the unevenly distributed loading antenna housing comprises a pair-extension Vivaldi antenna unit and a metal base plate; the opposite-extension Vivaldi antenna units are unevenly distributed on the metal base plate; the opposite-extension Vivaldi antenna unit comprises a front radiation patch and a rear radiation patch, wherein linear gaps which are periodically arranged are formed in the front radiation patch and the rear radiation patch.

The spread Vivaldi antenna units are arranged in a non-uniform mode, so that coupling among the antenna units can be effectively reduced, and miniaturization of the Vivaldi array antenna is facilitated; the radiation patch with the linear slot is adopted, so that the size of the extension Vivaldi antenna unit can be reduced.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna with a non-uniform loaded radome according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1, the miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna with the unevenly distributed loaded radome of the present embodiment includes a pair-topology Vivaldi antenna unit 1, a tangent oval radome 2, and a metal base plate 3; the opposite-extension Vivaldi antenna units 1 are unevenly distributed on the metal base plate 3; the tangent oval radome 2 covers the opposite-type Vivaldi antenna element 1 on the metal base plate 3.

Specifically, the number of the opposite-topology Vivaldi antenna units 1 is multiple, the multiple opposite-topology Vivaldi antenna units 1 are all erected on the metal base plate 3, and the multiple opposite-topology Vivaldi antenna units 1 are unevenly distributed on the metal base plate 3 in a random optimal distribution manner. The random optimal distribution mode is to design the spacing between each pair of the extended Vivaldi antenna units 1, and the isolation of the array port is optimal through continuous simulation optimization design, that is, each pair of extended Vivaldi antenna units 1 is arranged according to the spacing between each pair of extended Vivaldi antenna units 1 designed when the isolation of the array port is optimal.

In the prior art, the opposite-type Vivaldi antenna units are uniformly arranged on the metal base plate, that is, the opposite-type Vivaldi antenna units are arranged along the radius direction of a circle (the metal base plate), specifically, the width direction of the opposite-type Vivaldi antenna units is in the radius direction of the circle, and a plurality of opposite-type Vivaldi antenna units are uniformly arranged along the circumference. In the invention, a plurality of opposite-topology Vivaldi antenna units are randomly arranged (i.e. non-uniformly arranged) on the metal bottom plate (circle). When the number of the extension Vivaldi antenna units is certain, the isolation degree of the array ports achieves the same effect, the size of the metal bottom plate is smaller than that of the metal bottom plate in the prior art, and therefore compared with uniform arrangement, the Vivaldi array antenna is beneficial to miniaturization.

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a schematic Vivaldi antenna element according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional Vivaldi antenna element.

Referring to fig. 2, the opposite-topology Vivaldi antenna unit 1 includes a dielectric substrate 6, a front radiation patch 4, a rear radiation patch 5, and an SMA radio frequency connector 6, where the front radiation patch 4 and the rear radiation patch 5 are respectively disposed on two outer surfaces of the dielectric substrate 6, and the SMA radio frequency connector 6 is disposed below the dielectric substrate 6 and connected to both the front radiation patch 4 and the rear radiation patch 5.

Comparing with fig. 3, the present invention improves the extended Vivaldi antenna unit, and referring to fig. 2, the front radiation patch 4 and the rear radiation patch 5 of the extended Vivaldi antenna unit 1 of this embodiment are both provided with "linear" shaped slots that are periodically arranged. The radiation patch provided with the linear slot is adopted, so that the effective path of current is increased, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna can be widened under the condition that the size of the unit is not increased, the size of the extension type Vivaldi antenna unit can be greatly reduced on the premise of achieving the same technical effect, and the miniaturization of the Vivaldi array antenna is further facilitated.

Referring to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, preferably, one period includes three slots in a shape of a straight line, the three slots in a shape of a straight line are parallel to each other, and are respectively a first slot 8 in a shape of a straight line, a second slot 9 in a shape of a straight line, and a third slot 10 in a shape of a straight line, and sizes of the three slots in a shape of a straight line are different from each other; five periods are arranged on the same radiation patch, and the pattern formed by the straight-line-shaped gaps on the rear radiation patch 5 is completely the same as the pattern formed by the straight-line-shaped gaps on the front radiation patch 4. However, the invention does not limit the pattern formed by the linear gaps on the radiation patch, and can be designed according to requirements, namely the invention does not limit the number of linear gaps contained in one period, and the size and the period number of each linear gap.

Referring to fig. 1, in this embodiment, a tangent oval radome 2 is loaded on the Vivaldi array antenna, and the material of the tangent oval radome 2 is silicon nitride ceramic, so that the gain and the isolation of the array antenna can be improved.

Referring to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the metal base plate 3 is circular, and has a diameter of 155mm, and is made of a 6061 aluminum plate; the metal bottom plate 3 mainly functions to improve the gain and directivity of the array antenna, and block and shield electromagnetic waves from the opposite direction;

eight opposite-type Vivaldi antenna units 1 are arranged on the metal base plate 3, each opposite-type Vivaldi antenna unit 1 is identical, and the eight opposite-type Vivaldi antenna units 1 are unevenly distributed on the metal base plate 3 in a random optimal distribution mode; the distribution of eight antenna units is realized in the aperture constraint range of 155mm, and the isolation degree of the array port completely meets the technical requirements through simulation verification;

referring to fig. 2, in this embodiment, for the extended Vivaldi antenna unit 1, the dielectric substrate 6 is made of Rogers RO4003, and the front radiation patch 4 and the rear radiation patch 5 are made of copper; the size of the first linear gap 8 is 0.8mm multiplied by 9mm, the size of the second linear gap 9 is 0.6mm multiplied by 9.86mm, and the size of the third linear gap 10 is 0.6mm multiplied by 2.86 mm; the main effect of adding the linear slot pattern is to reduce the size of the cell and realize the miniaturization of the cell, the size of the dielectric substrate 6 of the extended Vivaldi antenna cell 1 of the embodiment is 72mm (length) × 48mm (width) × 0.508mm (thickness), and on the premise of achieving the same technical effect, the size of the dielectric substrate of the existing extended Vivaldi antenna cell is 70mm (length) × 70mm (width);

referring to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the length of the tangential oval radome 2 is 220mm, the diameter of the bottom surface is 170mm, and the thickness is 5 mm. The tangent oval antenna housing 2 is made of silicon nitride ceramics with high temperature resistance and high wave-transmitting rate, and the directional diagram and the isolation of the Vivaldi array antenna can be effectively improved.

Fig. 4 is a simulation diagram of standing waves of a miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna with an unevenly distributed loaded radome according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, through simulation, the standing wave is less than 3 in the frequency band range of 3GHz-18GHz, which meets the requirements of engineering on the standing wave of the antenna.

FIG. 5 is a simulation diagram of isolation of an unevenly distributed miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna under an unloaded radome; fig. 6 is a graph showing the simulation of the isolation of the unevenly distributed miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna under the loaded radome. As shown in fig. 5 and 6, through simulation, after the array antenna is loaded with the radome in the frequency band range of 2-18GHz, the isolation of the antenna is improved in a high-frequency part.

FIG. 7 is a gain simulation diagram of an unloaded radome of a non-uniformly distributed miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna; fig. 8 is a graph showing a simulation of gain under a loaded radome of a non-uniformly distributed miniaturized Vivaldi array antenna. As shown in fig. 7 and 8, through simulation, after the array antenna is loaded with the radome in the frequency band range of 2-18GHz, the gain of the antenna is improved by 0.5dB at the central frequency of 10 GHz.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed.