阅读说明：本技术 基于稀土永磁体的耐氢电机 (Hydrogen-resistant motor based on rare earth permanent magnet ) 是由 雷震天 于 2019-12-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明的基于稀土永磁体的耐氢电机,属于永磁电机技术领域；本发明包括电机定子、电机转子和稀土永磁体,电机定子内设置有电机转子,所述的电机定子和电机转子上设置有稀土永磁体；稀土永磁体为Sm<Sub>2</Sub>(CoCuFeZr)<Sub>17</Sub>磁体,Sm的质量百分含量为m,Co和Fe的质量百分含量之和为n,n>3m。本发明通过设定Co和Fe的质量百分含量之和大于Sm的质量百分含量,使得稀土永磁体Sm<Sub>2</Sub>(CoCuFeZr)<Sub>17</Sub>磁体致密化,结合热处理的方法使得稀土永磁体表面更加致密化和稳定,以减少氢原子由材料表面进入晶界的路径,提高稀土永磁体的耐氢性能,以达到阻止氢气进入磁体的目的。(The invention relates to a hydrogen-resistant motor based on a rare earth permanent magnet, belonging to the technical field of permanent magnet motors; the permanent magnet motor comprises a motor stator, a motor rotor and rare earth permanent magnets, wherein the motor rotor is arranged in the motor stator, and the rare earth permanent magnets are arranged on the motor stator and the motor rotor; the rare earth permanent magnet is Sm 2 (CoCuFeZr) 17 A magnet, wherein the mass percentage of Sm is m, the sum of the mass percentages of Co and Fe is n, n>3m, is added. The rare earth permanent magnet Sm is enabled to be more than Sm by setting the mass percentage sum of Co and Fe 2 (CoCuFeZr) 17 The magnet is densified, and the surface of the rare earth permanent magnet is more densified and stabilized by combining a heat treatment method, so that the path of hydrogen atoms entering a crystal boundary from the surface of a material is reduced, the hydrogen resistance of the rare earth permanent magnet is improved, and the aim of preventing hydrogen from entering the magnet is fulfilled.)

1. Hydrogen-resistant motor based on tombarthite permanent magnet its characterized in that: the permanent magnet motor comprises a motor stator, a motor rotor and a rare earth permanent magnet, wherein the motor rotor is arranged in the motor stator, and the rare earth permanent magnet is arranged on the motor stator or the motor rotor; the rare earth permanent magnet comprises the following components, wherein the mass percentage of Sm is m, the sum of the mass percentages of Co and Fe is n, and n is more than 3 m.

2. The rare earth permanent magnet based hydrogen resistant electric machine of claim 1 wherein: the rare earth permanent magnet comprises, by mass, 45-55% of Co, 18-20% of Fe and 15-23% of Sm.

3. The rare earth permanent magnet based hydrogen resistant electric machine of claim 1 wherein: the outside of the rare earth permanent magnet is provided with a sealing layer, and the sealing layer is formed by sealing a water-based silane solvent containing cerium.

4. The rare earth permanent magnet-based hydrogen-resistant motor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the preparation method of the rare earth permanent magnet comprises the following steps:

(1) smelting: smelting in a smelting furnace to obtain Sm₂(CoCuFeZr)₁₇Magnet, wherein the mass percentage of Sm is m, the sum of the mass percentages of Co and Fe is n, n>3m, and obtaining an ingot;

(2) milling: crushing and pulverizing the cast ingot to obtain permanent magnet powder;

(3) compression molding: punching and forming the permanent magnet powder to obtain a permanent magnet green body;

(4) sintering treatment: sintering the permanent magnet green body at 1150-1250 ℃ for 3-5 hours to obtain a permanent magnet blank after sintering;

(5) and (3) heat treatment: and after sintering, cooling to room temperature, and then carrying out heat treatment on the permanent magnet blank in a nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 650-1050 ℃, and the heat treatment time is more than 12 hours.

5. The rare earth permanent magnet based hydrogen resistant electric machine of claim 4 wherein: and after the heat treatment, sealing the rare earth permanent magnet, and specifically comprising the following steps: and cooling the rare earth permanent magnet to room temperature, immersing the rare earth permanent magnet into a sealing agent for dip-coating sealing treatment, wherein the sealing agent is a water-based silane solvent containing cerium, curing after sealing, and obtaining the rare earth permanent magnet after curing.

6. The rare earth permanent magnet based hydrogen-tolerant electric machine of claim 5, wherein: the sealing agent comprises a water-based silane solvent and cerium oxide, and the mass of the cerium oxide is 0.5-2.1% of that of the water-based silane solvent.

7. The rare earth permanent magnet based hydrogen-tolerant electric machine of claim 5, wherein: the baking temperature of the curing treatment is 150-180 ℃.

8. The rare earth permanent magnet based hydrogen resistant electric machine of claim 6 wherein: the sealant also comprises nano SiO₂。

9. The rare earth permanent magnet-based hydrogen-resistant motor according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein: the heat treatment process comprises three stages:

stage one: heating the rare earth permanent magnet to 650-750 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 2-3 h;

and a second stage: heating to 750-850 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-5 ℃/min, filling nitrogen into the vacuum furnace, and then carrying out heat preservation treatment for 2-3 h;

and a third stage: heating to 900-1050 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-5 ℃/min, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 10-15 h.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of permanent magnet motors, in particular to a hydrogen-resistant motor based on a rare earth permanent magnet.

Background

The rare earth permanent magnet motor is a novel permanent magnet motor appearing in the early 70 s, the rare earth permanent magnet material has excellent magnetic performance, a strong permanent magnetic field can be established without additional energy after the rare earth permanent magnet motor is magnetized, and the rare earth permanent magnet motor manufactured by replacing an electric excitation field of a traditional motor is high in efficiency, simple in structure, reliable in operation, small in size and light in weight. The motor not only can achieve the incomparable high performance of the traditional electric excitation motor, but also can be made into special motors which can meet the specific operation requirements, such as elevator traction motors, special motors for automobiles and the like. Due to the high magnetic energy product and high coercivity (especially high intrinsic coercivity), the rare earth permanent magnet motor has a series of advantages of small volume, light weight, high efficiency, good characteristics and the like.

The rare earth permanent magnet motor manufactured by replacing the electric excitation field of the traditional motor has high efficiency, simple structure, reliable operation, small volume and light weight. The motor not only can achieve the incomparable high performance of the traditional electric excitation motor, but also can be made into special motors which can meet the specific operation requirements, such as elevator traction motors, special motors for automobiles and the like. The rare-earth permanent magnet motor is combined with power electronic technology and microcomputer control technology, so that the performances of the motor and a transmission system are improved to a brand-new level. Therefore, the performance and the level of matched technical equipment are improved, and the method is an important development direction for adjusting the industrial structure in the motor industry.

However, the application of the current permanent magnet material motor has a serious restriction: under the condition of contacting with hydrogen, hydrogen atoms can enter the rare earth permanent magnet material along a crystal boundary, so that the rare earth permanent magnet material is pulverized, the magnetic property is lost, and finally the motor is failed. With the popularization and use of hydrogen energy, the hydrogen resistance of the permanent magnet motor becomes more and more important. There is an urgent need to develop a permanent magnet motor having excellent hydrogen resistance so as to prevent the motor from failing in a hydrogen environment.

Disclosure of Invention

1. Technical problem to be solved by the invention

The invention aims to solve the problem that the traditional permanent magnet motor is easy to lose efficacy when working under the condition of containing hydrogen in the prior art, and provides a hydrogen-resistant motor based on rare earth permanent magnets, wherein the permanent magnet of a motor stator or a motor rotor is Sm₂(CoCuFeZr)₁₇The sum of the mass percentages of Co and Fe in the rare earth permanent magnet is more than 3 times of the mass percentage of Sm, so that the surface of the rare earth permanent magnet is more compact and stable, meanwhile, the path of hydrogen atoms entering a crystal boundary from the surface of a material can be reduced, the hydrogen resistance of the rare earth permanent magnet is improved, and meanwhile, the motor has better hydrogen resistance.

2. Technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:

the invention relates to a hydrogen-resistant motor based on rare earth permanent magnets, which comprises a motor stator, a motor rotor and rare earth permanent magnets, wherein the motor stator is internally provided with the motor rotor, and the motor stator or the motor rotor is provided with the rare earth permanent magnets; the rare earth permanent magnet is Sm₂(CoCuFeZr)₁₇Magnet, wherein the mass percentage of Sm is m, the sum of the mass percentages of Co and Fe is n, n>3m。

Preferably, the mass percent of Co in the rare earth permanent magnet is 45-55%, the mass percent of Fe is 18-20%, and the mass percent of Sm is 15-23%.

Preferably, the rare earth permanent magnet is externally provided with a sealing layer, and the sealing layer is formed by sealing a water-based silane solvent containing cerium.

Preferably, the rare earth permanent magnet is prepared by the following method:

(1) smelting: smelting in a smelting furnace to obtain Sm₂(CoCuFeZr)₁₇Magnet, wherein the mass percentage of Sm is m, the sum of the mass percentages of Co and Fe is n, n>3m, and obtaining an ingot;

(2) milling: crushing and pulverizing the cast ingot to obtain permanent magnet powder;

(3) compression molding: punching and forming the permanent magnet powder to obtain a permanent magnet green body;

(4) sintering treatment: sintering the permanent magnet green body at 1150-1250 ℃ for 3-5 hours to obtain a permanent magnet blank after sintering;

(5) and (3) heat treatment: and after sintering, cooling to room temperature, and then carrying out heat treatment on the permanent magnet blank in a nitrogen atmosphere, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 650-1050 ℃, and the heat treatment time is more than 12 hours.

Preferably, the rare earth permanent magnet is subjected to sealing treatment after the heat treatment, and the method comprises the following specific steps: and cooling the rare earth permanent magnet to room temperature, immersing the rare earth permanent magnet into a sealing agent for dip-coating sealing treatment, wherein the sealing agent is a water-based silane solvent containing cerium, curing after sealing, and obtaining the rare earth permanent magnet after curing.

Preferably, the blocking agent comprises a water-based silane solvent and cerium oxide, and the mass of the cerium oxide is 0.5-2.1% of that of the water-based silane solvent.

Preferably, the curing treatment is carried out at a baking temperature of 150-.

Preferably, the sealant further comprises nano SiO₂。

Preferably, the process of heat treatment comprises three stages:

stage one: heating the rare earth permanent magnet to 650-750 ℃, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 2-3 h;

and a second stage: heating to 750-850 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-5 ℃/min, filling nitrogen into the vacuum furnace, and then carrying out heat preservation treatment for 2-3 h;

and a third stage: heating to 900-1050 ℃ at a heating rate of 1-5 ℃/min, and carrying out heat preservation treatment for 10-15 h.

3. Advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following remarkable effects:

(1) the invention relates to a hydrogen-resistant motor based on rare earth permanent magnets, wherein the permanent magnet of a motor stator or a motor rotor is Sm₂(CoCuFeZr)₁₇The sum of the mass percentages of Co and Fe in the rare earth permanent magnet is more than 3 times of the mass percentage of Sm, so that the surface of the rare earth permanent magnet is more compact and stable, meanwhile, the path of hydrogen atoms entering a crystal boundary from the surface of a material is reduced, and the hydrogen resistance of the rare earth permanent magnet is improved; meanwhile, the motor has better hydrogen resistance, and the hydrogen-resistant magnet motor can be used in the environment of contacting with hydrogen.

(2) According to the hydrogen-resistant motor based on the rare earth permanent magnet, the hydrogen resistance of the matrix is improved through heat treatment of the rare earth permanent magnet, the distribution of the rare earth phase enriched in the crystal boundary is more uniform, the densification of the crystal boundary is promoted, the path of hydrogen atoms entering the crystal boundary from the surface of the material is further reduced, the hydrogen resistance of the rare earth permanent magnet is improved, and the hydrogen resistance and the service life of the hydrogen-resistant motor can be further improved.

(3) According to the hydrogen-resistant motor based on the rare earth permanent magnet, the rare earth permanent magnet after heat treatment is subjected to sealing treatment, so that a thin film sealing layer is formed on the surface of the rare earth permanent magnet, and the thin film sealing layer can fill micro cracks and micro holes on the surface of the rare earth permanent magnet by controlling the curing temperature to be 150-.

(4) According to the hydrogen-resistant motor based on the rare earth permanent magnet, the rare earth permanent magnet is subjected to sealing treatment by adopting the water-based silane solvent containing cerium, a metal silane composite film is formed on a metal surface silane treatment agent through film forming reaction, a large amount of oligosiloxane is formed by the water-based silane solvent containing cerium through condensation reaction, so that a sealing layer of a composite passivation film is formed on the surface of the rare earth permanent magnet, and the sealing layer has self-repairing capacity and can prevent the rare earth permanent magnet from being damaged due to scraping; especially in the process of installing the rare earth permanent magnet in the motor, if the rare earth permanent magnet generates scraping, the sealing layer can carry out self-repairing, and then the hydrogen resistance of the motor is ensured.

(5) The hydrogen-resistant motor based on the rare earth permanent magnet is added with the nano SiO in the sealing treatment process₂Nano SiO in the process of sealing treatment₂Can gather at the micropore defect of the hydrogen-resistant layer, promote to form a complete silane film sealing layer while improving the strength of the sealing side, and prevent the process of hydrogen atoms from migrating from the surface of the magnet to the interior of the magnet.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change in hydrogen absorption with time (100 ℃ C.) in example 1 of the present invention and comparative example 1;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a permanent magnet motor rotor with rare earth permanent magnets mounted thereon;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a rare earth permanent magnet mounted on a stator of a permanent magnet motor.

Reference numbers in the drawings illustrate:

10. a motor stator; 11. a rare earth permanent magnet; 20. a rotor of an electric machine.

Detailed Description

For further explanation of the present invention, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the following examples and drawings, and the details will be described below.