阅读说明：本技术 一种高转速高功率密度机载全超导发电机方案 (Scheme of high-rotating-speed high-power-density airborne full-superconducting generator ) 是由 宋东彬 杨文将 白明亮 刘汝婧 刘朝鑫 李杨 于 2019-11-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于电机技术领域,是一种高转速高功率密度机载全超导发电机方案,包括转子(1)、超导冷却杜瓦结构(2)、定子铁芯结构(3)、超导励磁绕组(4)、超导电枢绕组(5)和轴向环绕磁路(6)。定子铁芯结构(3)、超导励磁绕组(4)和超导电枢绕组(5)均安装固定在超导冷却杜瓦结构(2)的低温腔(8)内,转子(1)在超导冷却杜瓦结构(2)外。此种轴向环绕磁路(6)的电磁拓扑结构设计,实现了转子(1)与超导励磁解耦、转子(1)转动与超导供电解耦,整体式转子(1)满足机载电机高转速需求,定向导磁的定子铁芯结构(3)提高了气隙磁密,此种超导电机结构方案简单紧凑、重量轻、效率高,极大地提高了大功率超导电机功率密度。(The invention belongs to the technical field of motors, and relates to a scheme of a high-speed high-power-density airborne full-superconducting generator, which comprises a rotor (1), a superconducting cooling Dewar structure (2), a stator core structure (3), a superconducting excitation winding (4), a superconducting armature winding (5) and an axial surrounding magnetic circuit (6). The stator core structure (3), the superconducting excitation winding (4) and the superconducting armature winding (5) are all installed and fixed in a low-temperature cavity (8) of the superconducting cooling Dewar structure (2), and the rotor (1) is outside the superconducting cooling Dewar structure (2). The electromagnetic topological structure design of the axial surrounding magnetic circuit (6) realizes the decoupling of the rotor (1) and the superconducting excitation, the decoupling of the rotor (1) rotation and the superconducting power supply, the integral rotor (1) meets the requirement of high rotating speed of an airborne motor, the stator core structure (3) with directional magnetic conduction improves the air gap flux density, the structural scheme of the superconducting motor is simple and compact, the weight is light, the efficiency is high, and the power density of a high-power superconducting motor is greatly improved.)

1. The invention relates to a scheme of a high-rotating-speed high-power-density airborne full-superconducting generator, which is characterized by comprising a rotor (1), a superconducting cooling Dewar structure (2), a stator core structure (3), a superconducting excitation winding (4), a superconducting armature winding (5) and an axial surrounding closed magnetic circuit (6). The stator core structure (3), the superconducting excitation winding (4) and the superconducting armature winding (5) are all installed and fixed in a low-temperature cavity (8) of the superconducting cooling Dewar structure (2), and the rotor (1) is outside the superconducting cooling Dewar structure (2).

2. The scheme of claim 1, wherein the rotor (1) is an integral magnetic rotor, the surface of the rotor has no permanent magnet and no excitation coil, the working section of the rotor (1) is thin in the middle, and the two ends of the rotor are corresponding P pairs of salient poles (P is more than or equal to 2), the structure is simple and reliable, the working speed can reach 10000rpm to 100000rpm, the rotor (1) is made of high-saturation magnetic conductive materials, and the magnetic field generated by the superconducting excitation winding (4) is guided from one side to the other side along the axial direction of the rotating shaft.

3. The scheme of the high-speed high-power-density airborne full-superconducting generator according to claim 1 is characterized in that the superconducting cooling dewar structure (2) is a hollow structure made of two layers of non-magnetic stainless steel and is divided into a vacuum cavity (7) and a low-temperature cavity (8), and the inner wall of the superconducting cooling dewar structure (2) plays a role in supporting and fixing the stator core structure (3), the superconducting excitation winding (4) and the superconducting armature winding (5). The vacuum cavity (7) is isolated from heat exchange with the outside, the low-temperature cavity (8) provides a low-temperature environment for the superconducting excitation winding (4) and the superconducting armature winding (5), the low-temperature cavity (8) is filled with low-temperature liquid, and the immersion cooling provides a stable working environment for the superconducting coil.

4. The scheme of claim 3, wherein the stator core structure (3) is composed of M (M is more than or equal to 3) stator core lamination groups which are uniformly distributed in a surrounding manner, the stator core structure (3) is positioned in the low-temperature cavity (8) of the superconducting cooling Dewar structure (2), the stator core structure (3) is made of a high-saturation magnetic conducting material, and a magnetic field generated by the superconducting excitation winding (4) is guided to the other side from one side along the stator core to form an axial surrounding closed magnetic circuit (6) together with the rotor (1).

5. The scheme of claim 2, wherein the superconducting field winding (4) is composed of a multi-pie circular superconducting coil and is located at the center of the full-superconducting motor, and direct current provides a field magnetic field for the superconducting motor to work.

6. A high speed high power density airborne full superconducting generator solution according to claim 3, characterized in that the superconducting armature winding (5) consists of 2M multi-pancake superconducting coils fixed on the stator lamination stack yoke, every two multi-pancake superconducting coils with the above-mentioned one stator core lamination stack constitute a basic unit, the superconducting coils of a basic unit are connected in series to constitute a winding, forming M armature winding coils.

Belongs to the technical field of:

the invention belongs to the technical field of motors, and particularly relates to a scheme of a high-rotating-speed high-power-density airborne full-superconducting generator.

Background art:

since the beginning of the 20 th century, the airplane changes the traveling mode of people, shortens the passing time between cities, promotes the development of the tourism industry and drives the increase of GDP of the country and the region. According to the data statistics of world banks, the number of people who choose airplane travel modes since the 21 st century is exponentially increased, and the number of people who travel in the year is estimated to reach about 50 hundred million people in 2030. The tail gas discharged by the airplane contains a large amount of NO_x、CO₂Equal greenhouse gases account for 3% of the total global emission at present. Along with the progress of human society, global problems in the fossil energy crisis, greenhouse effect, environmental pollution and the like are becoming more severe, and it is becoming a global consensus to reduce energy waste, reduce harmful gas emissions and develop renewable clean energy. Therefore, the development of clean and efficient aviation industries such as multi-electric aircrafts and full-electric aircrafts is a great measure for improving the global environment.

The realization of a multi-electric/full-electric airplane is mainly to solve the problem of a high-power motor, and the difficulty is usually in the megawatt or tens of megawatts. For conventional motors, the power reaches megawatt levels and above, and the size is quite large. At present, because a high-power superconducting motor adopts a superconducting material with high current-carrying density and low loss, the volume and the weight of the high-power superconducting motor are reduced to 1/3-1/2 of the traditional motor. The research on the high-power megawatt-level superconducting motor is mostly concentrated in the industries of ships, wind power generation, electric locomotives and the like, and the superconducting motor has the prominent characteristics of low rotating speed and high torque. The low rotational speed limits further increase in power density of the high power superconducting motor.

At the present stage, a main flow system of a high-power superconducting motor is a superconducting excitation winding rotation, a rotating joint for transmitting a refrigerant is required to be added to meet the low-temperature working requirement of the superconducting winding in the topological scheme, and meanwhile, power supply and detection signals of the superconducting winding need to be transmitted by a slip ring or induction, so that the structure of the superconducting motor system in the topological scheme is quite complex, and the fault rate is high. The other high-power superconducting motor topological scheme is a structure that a superconducting excitation winding is not movable, but a high-current feed carbon brush is needed for power supply of a rotor armature, the service life of the carbon brush is short, and replacement is difficult. The airborne motor has the characteristic of high rotating speed, so that the service life of the high-speed feed carbon brush is rapidly reduced, and the requirement of the airborne motor cannot be met.

Therefore, the invention provides a scheme of a high-rotating-speed high-power-density airborne full-superconducting generator aiming at the problems of the high-power superconducting motor, the motor adopts a superconducting excitation winding fixed structure, a slip ring power supply structure is avoided by optimizing an electromagnetic topological structure, and meanwhile, the rotating speed can be operated in a high-speed or even ultra-high-speed state (10000 rpm-100000 rpm), so that the power density of the motor is greatly improved.

The invention content is as follows:

in order to solve the problem that a low-rotating-speed high-power motor cannot meet the requirement of an airborne motor on high rotating speed and high power density and overcome the problem of short service life of a superconducting coil power supply high-speed electric brush, the invention provides a scheme of a high-rotating-speed high-power density airborne full-superconducting generator.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a scheme of a high-speed high-power-density airborne full-superconducting generator, which comprises a rotor (1), a superconducting cooling Dewar structure (2), a stator core structure (3), a superconducting excitation winding (4), a superconducting armature winding (5) and an axial surrounding magnetic circuit (6). The stator core structure (3), the superconducting excitation winding (4) and the superconducting armature winding (5) are all installed and fixed in a low-temperature cavity (8) of the superconducting cooling Dewar structure (2), and the rotor (1) is outside the superconducting cooling Dewar structure (2).

The rotor (1) is an integral magnetic rotor, the surface of the rotor is not provided with a permanent magnet and is not provided with an excitation coil, the middle of the working section of the rotor (1) is thin, the two ends of the working section are provided with corresponding P pairs of salient poles (P >2), the structure is simple and reliable, the working rotating speed can reach 10000 rpm-100000 rpm, the rotor (1) is made of a high-saturation magnetic conduction material, and a magnetic field generated by a superconducting excitation winding (4) is guided to the other side from one side along the axial direction of a rotating shaft;

the superconducting cooling Dewar structure (2) is a hollow structure made of two layers of non-magnetic stainless steel and is divided into a vacuum cavity (7) and a low-temperature cavity (8), and the inner wall of the superconducting cooling Dewar structure (2) plays a role in supporting and fixing the stator core structure (3), the superconducting excitation winding (4) and the superconducting armature winding (5). The vacuum cavity (7) is isolated from heat exchange with the outside, the low-temperature cavity (8) provides a low-temperature environment for the superconducting excitation winding (4) and the superconducting armature winding (5), the low-temperature cavity (8) is filled with low-temperature liquid, and a stable working environment is provided for the superconducting coil through soaking and cooling;

the stator core structure (3) is composed of M (M is more than or equal to 3) stator core laminated sheets which are uniformly distributed in a surrounding mode, the stator core structure (3) is located in a low-temperature cavity (8) of the superconducting cooling Dewar structure (2), the stator core structure (3) is made of high-saturation magnetic conducting materials, a magnetic field generated by the superconducting excitation winding (4) is guided to the other side from one side along the stator core, and an axial surrounding closed magnetic circuit (6) is formed by the magnetic field and the rotor (1) in a guiding mode;

the superconducting excitation winding (4) consists of a multi-pie circular superconducting coil, is positioned at the center of the full superconducting motor, and is electrified with direct current to provide an excitation magnetic field for the superconducting motor to work;

the superconducting armature winding (5) consists of 2M multi-cake superconducting coils and is fixed on a stator lamination group iron yoke, every two multi-cake superconducting coils and the stator core lamination group form a basic unit, and the superconducting coils of the basic unit are connected in series to form a winding to form M armature winding coils;

preferably, the rotor (1) is an integral magnetic rotor, has a simple structure, is stable and reliable, is suitable for working at a high rotating speed, adopts a high-saturation magnetic conductive material to gather most of magnetic field energy in the rotating shaft, and conducts magnetism directionally.

Preferably, the low-temperature cavity (8) of the superconducting cooling dewar structure (2) is filled with low-temperature liquid, the soaking and cooling structure is simple, and the functions of supporting and fixing the stator core structure (3), the superconducting excitation winding (4) and the superconducting armature winding (5) are simultaneously played.

Preferably, the stator core structure (3) adopts a high-saturation magnetic conduction material to gather most of magnetic field energy in the core, and the directional magnetic conduction of the stator core structure and the directional magnetic conduction of the rotor (1) form an axial surrounding closed magnetic circuit (6) with small magnetic resistance.

Preferably, the superconducting excitation winding (4) is fixed in the low-temperature cavity (8) of the superconducting cooling Dewar structure (2), and direct current generates stronger air gap flux density than that of a traditional motor, so that the power density of the motor is improved.

Preferably, the superconducting armature winding (5) is fixed in the low-temperature cavity (8) of the superconducting cooling Dewar structure (2), and compared with a common copper winding, the superconducting coil has the advantages that the volume is reduced, the weight of the superconducting motor is reduced, and the power density of the motor is improved.

In general, compared with the existing superconducting motor, the scheme of the high-speed high-power-density airborne full-superconducting generator provided by the invention can obtain the following effective gains:

1. according to the scheme of the high-speed high-power-density airborne full-superconducting generator, the integral rotor is simple and reliable in structure, suitable for high-speed working conditions and capable of meeting the requirements of an airborne motor;

2. according to the scheme of the high-rotating-speed high-power-density airborne full-superconducting generator, the fixed superconducting excitation winding gets rid of the current situations of short service life and high failure rate of a power supply brush of a superconducting coil of a main superconducting motor, and meanwhile, the air gap flux density can be improved by increasing the through-current capacity, so that the power density of the motor is improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings in the embodiments are briefly described below, and the embodiments of the present invention are used together to explain the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-speed high-power-density airborne full-superconducting generator scheme provided by an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-speed high-power-density airborne full-superconducting generator scheme provided by an embodiment;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotor of the high-speed high-power-density airborne full-superconducting generator scheme provided by the embodiment.

In the figure, 1, rotor; 2. a superconducting cooling dewar structure; 3. a stator core structure; 4. a superconducting field winding; 5. a superconducting armature winding; 6. the magnetic circuit is closed in an axial surrounding manner; 7. a vacuum chamber; 8. a low temperature cavity.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

Fig. 1 and fig. 2 are schematic diagram of a scheme and a schematic diagram of a high-speed high-power-density airborne full-superconducting generator provided by an embodiment, respectively, and include a rotor (1), a superconducting cooling dewar structure (2), a stator core structure (3), a superconducting excitation winding (4), a superconducting armature winding (5) and an axial surrounding magnetic circuit (6). The stator core structure (3), the superconducting excitation winding (4) and the superconducting armature winding (5) are all installed and fixed in a low-temperature cavity (8) of the superconducting cooling Dewar structure (2), and the rotor (1) is outside the superconducting cooling Dewar structure (2).

The rotor (1) is an integral magnetic rotor, as shown in fig. 3, the surface of the rotor is free of permanent magnets and excitation coils, the middle of the working section of the rotor (1) is thin, the two ends of the rotor are provided with corresponding P pairs of salient poles (P is more than or equal to 2), the structure is simple and reliable, the working rotating speed can reach 10000rpm to 100000rpm, the rotor (1) is made of high-saturation magnetic conductive materials, and a magnetic field generated by a superconducting excitation winding (4) is guided to the other side from one side along the axial direction of a rotating shaft;

the superconducting cooling Dewar structure (2) is a hollow structure made of two layers of non-magnetic stainless steel and is divided into a vacuum cavity (7) and a low-temperature cavity (8), and the inner wall of the superconducting cooling Dewar structure (2) plays a role in supporting and fixing the stator core structure (3), the superconducting excitation winding (4) and the superconducting armature winding (5). The vacuum cavity (7) is isolated from heat exchange with the outside, the low-temperature cavity (8) provides a low-temperature environment for the superconducting excitation winding (4) and the superconducting armature winding (5), the low-temperature cavity (8) is filled with low-temperature liquid, and a stable working environment is provided for the superconducting coil through soaking and cooling;

the stator core structure (3) is composed of M (M is more than or equal to 3) stator core laminated sheets which are uniformly distributed in a surrounding mode, the stator core structure (3) is located in a low-temperature cavity (8) of the superconducting cooling Dewar structure (2), the stator core structure (3) is made of high-saturation magnetic conducting materials, a magnetic field generated by the superconducting excitation winding (4) is guided to the other side from one side along the stator core, and an axial surrounding closed magnetic circuit (6) is formed by the magnetic field and the rotor (1) in a guiding mode;

the superconducting excitation winding (4) consists of a multi-pie circular superconducting coil, is positioned at the center of the full superconducting motor, and is electrified with direct current to provide an excitation magnetic field for the superconducting motor to work;

the superconducting armature winding (5) is composed of 2M multi-cake superconducting coils and is fixed on a stator lamination group iron yoke, every two multi-cake superconducting coils and the stator core lamination group form a basic unit, and the superconducting coils of the basic unit are connected in series to form a winding to form M armature winding coils.

The axial surrounding closed magnetic circuit (6): the superconducting excitation winding (4) is electrified with direct current to generate a magnetic field, the magnetic field is converged in the high saturation magnetic conduction rotor (1), then enters an air gap from a right salient pole, passes through the superconducting cooling Dewar structure (2) to enter a right iron yoke of the stator core structure (3), is directionally guided to a left iron yoke along the stator core lamination group, passes through the superconducting cooling Dewar structure (2) and the air gap again, returns to the left salient pole of the rotor (1), and then reaches the rotor (1) to form an axial surrounding closed magnetic circuit (6).

The above embodiments are merely for clearly illustrating the technology and features of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can easily understand and implement the present invention, and do not limit the present invention, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.