Medicament dispensing system and dispensing method
阅读说明:本技术 药剂分配系统和分配方法 (Medicament dispensing system and dispensing method ) 是由 F.荣松 L.格拉迪纳斯基 于 2018-07-05 设计创作,主要内容包括:披露了一种用于从泡罩包装(30)分配单位剂型(38)的分配系统(2)和方法。该系统(2)包括用于接纳泡罩包装(30)的壳体(4),该泡罩包装(30)具有多个空腔(32),其中在这些空腔(32)中的每一个空腔中密封至少一个单位剂型(38),该壳体(4)包括至少一个壳体孔口。该系统(2)进一步包括感测层,该感测层包括:多个孔口,每个感测层孔口被配置为在泡罩包装(30)被接纳在该壳体(4)中时与该泡罩包装(30)的多个空腔(32)中的对应一个或多个空腔基本上对准;以及至少一个感测区域。该系统(2)进一步包括电子单元和用于向该感测层提供电压的电源。在使用中,例如通过对每个空腔(32)施加压力(P)而从该泡罩包装(30)通过这些感测层孔口并通过该至少一个壳体孔口来分配这些单位剂型(38),并且该感测层感测每个单位剂型(38)从该泡罩包装(30)被分配。(A dispensing system (2) and method for dispensing unit dosage forms (38) from a blister pack (30) is disclosed. The system (2) includes a housing (4) for receiving a blister package (30), the blister package (30) having a plurality of cavities (32), wherein at least one unit dosage form (38) is sealed in each of the cavities (32), the housing (4) including at least one housing aperture. The system (2) further comprises a sensing layer comprising: a plurality of apertures, each sensing layer aperture configured to substantially align with a corresponding one or more of a plurality of cavities (32) of a blister package (30) when the blister package (30) is received in the housing (4); and at least one sensing region. The system (2) further comprises an electronic unit and a power supply for providing a voltage to the sensing layer. In use, the unit dosage forms (38) are dispensed from the blister pack (30) through the sensing layer apertures and through the at least one housing aperture, for example by applying pressure (P) to each cavity (32), and the sensing layer senses that each unit dosage form (38) is dispensed from the blister pack (30).)
1. A dispensing system for dispensing unit dosage forms from a blister pack, the dispensing system comprising:
a housing for receiving a blister package having a plurality of cavities, wherein at least one unit dosage form is sealed in each of the cavities, the housing comprising at least one housing aperture;
a sensing layer, the sensing layer comprising:
a plurality of apertures, each sensing layer aperture configured to substantially align with a corresponding one or more of a plurality of cavities of a blister package when the blister package is received in the housing; and
at least one sensing region;
an electronic unit; and
a power supply for supplying a voltage to the sensing layer;
wherein:
in use, dispensing the unit dosage forms from the blister pack through the sensing layer apertures and through the at least one housing aperture; and is
The sensing layer senses that each unit dosage form is dispensed from the blister pack.
2. The dispensing system of claim 1, wherein the sensing layer comprises a pressure sensitive layer and a conductive layer, the conductive layer comprising at least one conductive area.
3. The dispensing system of claim 2, further comprising a plurality of electrically conductive regions, at least one electrically conductive region at least partially surrounding each sensing layer aperture, preferably comprising a segment or zone of electrically conductive region surrounding each sensing layer aperture, wherein the sensing layer senses the pressure applied in the vicinity of each cavity when each unit dosage form is dispensed from the blister package.
4. The dispensing system of claim 2, further comprising a plurality of conductive regions disposed at edges and/or in corners of the conductive layer, wherein the sensing layer senses pressure applied to the sensing layer when dispensing each unit dosage form from the blister package.
5. The dispensing system of claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein the sensing layer further comprises a spacer layer between the pressure sensitive layer and the conductive layer, the spacer layer spacing the pressure sensitive layer from the conductive layer such that they are not in electrical contact, and the spacer layer is compressible such that the pressure sensitive layer can be brought into electrical contact with a conductive area of the conductive layer.
6. The dispensing system of claim 5, wherein the spacer layer comprises foam.
7. The dispensing system of claim 5 or 6, wherein the sensing layer apertures are substantially circular or elliptical and the sensing layer aperture of the spacing layer has a larger diameter than the sensing layer aperture of the pressure sensitive layer and the sensing layer aperture of the conductive layer such that an air gap is provided between the pressure sensitive layer and the conductive layer in the vicinity of the apertures.
8. The dispensing system of claim 7, wherein the sensing layer is configured such that compression of the compressible spacer layer depletes the air gap until the pressure sensitive layer is brought into electrical contact with the conductive region of the conductive layer.
9. The dispensing system of any of claims 2 to 8, wherein the power source provides a voltage to the conductive region of the conductive layer.
10. The dispensing system of any of claims 2 to 9, wherein the pressure sensitive layer comprises a non-conductive material comprising conductive particles dispersed therein.
11. The dispensing system of any of claims 2 to 9, wherein the pressure sensitive layer comprises a polymer film layer, preferably a polyolefin layer such as polyethylene, impregnated with conductive particles, preferably carbon black particles.
12. The dispensing system of any of claims 2 to 11, wherein the conductive layer comprises a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) onto which the conductive areas of the conductive layer are printed.
13. The dispensing system of any of claims 3 to 12, wherein the conductive regions of the conductive layer are substantially annular and surround apertures in the conductive layer, each conductive region being discrete from any other conductive region of the conductive layer.
14. The dispensing system of any of claims 3 to 12, wherein the conductive region of the conductive layer comprises substantially all of the conductive layer.
15. The dispensing system of any of claims 2 to 14, wherein the sensing layer senses a distribution of pressure applied to the sensing layer to determine:
whether a unit dosage form has been dispensed from the blister pack; or
Whether the pressure has a non-dispensing pressure profile.
16. The dispensing system of claim 1, wherein the sensing layer comprises a first capacitive layer and a second capacitive layer, the first capacitive layer and the second capacitive layer being separated by a compressible spacer layer therebetween, wherein compression of the compressible layer upon dispensing of the unit dosage form from the blister package brings the first capacitive layer and the second capacitive layer closer together, thereby changing the capacitance of the system.
17. The dispensing system of claim 1, wherein the sensing layer comprises inductive sensors having inductive properties, wherein dispensing dosage units by displacing the sensing layer or by rupturing the blister package alters the inductive properties.
18. The dispensing system of claim 1, wherein the sensing layer comprises an inductive sensor having an inductive property, wherein dispensing the dosage unit by displacing the sensing layer, by displacing the blister package, or by bursting tear thereof changes the electrical property.
19. The dispensing system of claim 18, wherein the change in electrical characteristic is used to detect when a user changes a blister.
20. The dispensing system of claim 1, further comprising at least one transmitter and at least one receiver configured to receive a signal from the transmitter, wherein the receiver and the transmitter are aligned with each other such that at least one of the apertures of the sensing layer is located therebetween.
21. The dispensing system of claim 18, wherein the dispensing of a unit dosage form is from a blister package and passing through at least one of the apertures of the sensing layer interrupts a signal transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver as the unit dosage form passes through the at least one aperture.
22. The dispensing system of claim 19, wherein the emitter comprises an optical emitter and the signal is a light beam.
23. The dispensing system of any preceding claim, wherein the housing comprises a plurality of housing apertures arranged in an array such that each housing aperture is substantially aligned with at least one of a plurality of cavities of a blister package when the blister package is received in the housing, the blister package being a standard blister package.
24. The dispensing system of any preceding claim, wherein the electronic unit comprises a memory for storing data corresponding to at least the time and date at which the sensing layer senses that each unit dosage form is dispensed from the blister pack.
25. The dispensing system of any preceding claim, wherein the electronic unit comprises a transmitter, preferably a wireless transmitter, preferably a bluetooth LE, NFC, WiFi, 3G, 4G or 5G transmitter, for transmitting data to a remote device, the data corresponding at least to the time and date at which the sensing layer senses that each unit dosage form is dispensed from the blister package, and/or the data corresponding to a reminder that a unit dosage form should be dispensed at a predetermined date and time.
26. The dispensing system of claim 24 or 25, further comprising a display for displaying the data.
27. The dispensing system of any preceding claim, wherein the housing and the sensing layer are separable components and are configured such that sensing layers having different configurations are each receivable in the housing.
28. The dispensing system of any preceding claim, wherein the electronics unit is configured for any one or more of: detecting an identification of the blister package from a memory of the blister package, the memory having the identification stored therein; detecting the presence of a blister pack within the housing; detecting removal of the blister package from the housing; detecting insertion of a blister package into the housing; and/or detecting the orientation of the blister pack within the housing.
29. The dispensing system of any preceding claim, further comprising an accelerometer configured to determine movement of the system, preferably for determining movement above and/or below one or more thresholds, in order to detect whether the system is used by a user.
30. A method of dispensing a unit dosage form from a dispensing system having a blister pack received therein, the dispensing system comprising:
a housing for receiving a blister package having a plurality of cavities, wherein at least one unit dosage form is sealed in each of the cavities, the housing comprising at least one housing aperture;
a sensing layer, the sensing layer comprising:
a plurality of apertures, each sensing layer aperture configured to substantially align with a corresponding one or more of a plurality of cavities of a blister package when the blister package is received in the housing; and
at least one sensing region;
an electronic unit; and
a power supply for supplying a voltage to the sensing layer;
the method comprises the following steps:
sensing with the sensing layer when each unit dosage form is dispensed from the blister package through the sensing layer apertures and through the at least one housing aperture.
31. The method of claim 30, wherein the sensing layer comprises a plurality of pressure sensing regions, at least one pressure sensing region at least partially surrounding each sensing layer aperture, and wherein the step of sensing with the sensing layer when each unit dosage form is dispensed from the blister package comprises sensing with the sensing layer the pressure applied near each cavity.
32. The method of claim 31, wherein the sensing layer further comprises a spacer layer between the pressure sensitive layer and the conductive layer, the spacer layer spacing the pressure sensitive layer from the conductive layer such that they are not in electrical contact, and the method further comprises making the pressure sensitive layer in electrical contact with the conductive layer by compressing the spacer layer.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein the sensing layer apertures are substantially circular or elliptical and the sensing layer aperture of the spacing layer has a larger diameter than the sensing layer aperture of the pressure sensitive layer and the sensing layer aperture of the conductive layer such that an air gap is provided between the pressure sensitive layer and the conductive layer in the vicinity of the apertures, the method further comprising compressing the compressible spacing layer to deplete the air gap until the pressure sensitive layer is in electrical contact with the conductive layer.
34. The method of claim 32 or 33, further comprising providing a voltage from the power source to the conductive layer.
35. The method of any one of claims 32 to 33, further comprising storing in a memory of the electronic unit data corresponding to at least the time and date that the sensing layer senses the pressure applied proximate each cavity when each unit dosage form is dispensed from the blister package.
36. The method of any one of claims 32 to 35, further comprising transmitting data to a remote device, the data corresponding to at least the time and date at which the sensing layer senses the pressure applied in the vicinity of each cavity when each unit dosage form is dispensed from the blister pack, and/or the data corresponding to a reminder that a unit dosage form should be dispensed at a predetermined date and time.
37. The method of claim 36, wherein transmitting data comprises wirelessly transmitting data, preferably comprising bluetooth LE, WiFi or NFC transmission.
38. The method of claim 36 or 37, further comprising displaying the data on a display of the distribution system.
39. A method as claimed in any of claims 30 to 38, further comprising sensing the distribution of applied pressure in the vicinity of each cavity to determine:
whether a unit dosage form has been dispensed from the blister pack; or
Whether the pressure has a non-dispensing pressure profile.
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a dispensing device or system for dispensing a medicament, in particular a dispensing device or system for monitoring when a dose of medicament has been dispensed. The invention also relates to a method of dispensing a medicament, in particular to a method of monitoring when a dose of medicament has been dispensed.
Background
There are many ways of providing a dose of a pharmaceutical agent to a patient or other intended recipient of the pharmaceutical agent, particularly when it is desirable to provide multiple simultaneous and/or subsequent doses of the pharmaceutical agent, e.g., as part of a treatment regimen or otherwise. A popular and convenient dosage form is a unit dose, such as a tablet, pill, capsule, etc., for oral administration to a recipient. Typically, multiple unit doses are provided to the recipient in a convenient form for dispensing one or more unit doses at a time, for example with a container with a removable cover, or with a sheet sealing the doses in separate compartments, each compartment having a rupturable or frangible cover, commonly referred to as a blister pack.
Such devices enable recipients to access their medication in a portable and convenient manner when they determine that a dose is needed. However, especially in case the medication should be taken frequently at regular or irregular intervals, the recipient may not remember that the dose should be taken at the appropriate time. Even if the recipient does extract and take a dose from the device (at the appropriate time or at a later time when they remember to do so), the recipient may then forget that they have taken the particular dose and may then take another dose prematurely.
This non-compliance problem with treatment regimens is a significant problem in healthcare, which results in treatment inefficiencies and possible complications in patients with inadequate or excessive drug dosages, which may limit their efficacy of long-term treatment and/or lead to exacerbations, side effects, and the like. In addition, unused drug in missed doses must be properly and according to local restrictions and regulations discarded, which can be costly and inconvenient to implement.
Attempts have been made to overcome the above-mentioned problems of non-compliance with dosage regimens, for example by marking individual blisters on a blister pack with an indication of when the dosage should be taken. However, this requires that each blister package be customized to the specific needs and dosage regimen of the recipient. Newer devices and systems have been developed that typically contain multiple unit doses in compartments where the unit dose can be dispensed and contain some form of monitoring of the compartments to determine if the unit dose has been removed and (by implication) taken by the patient. However, despite several attempts to produce a suitable device or system, prior art solutions are typically very expensive to manufacture and consist of several relatively complex components, many of which are used only once (i.e., for one dosage cycle until all unit doses are removed) and then must be discarded. If the components of the device comprise electronics, which is typically the case, such components must also be handled in compliance with local regulations and the cost of such devices is prohibitive.
Thus, there remains a need for a medicament dispenser and a method of dispensing medicament that enables a patient or other intended recipient of the medicament to reliably dispense the medicament at an appropriate time and to check whether and when they are taking a particular dose at some time after the event. In addition, there remains a need for such dispensers and dispensing methods that can be provided at an acceptable associated price, and a cost-attractive, reliable, reusable, patient-and manufacturing-friendly adherence monitoring solution has the potential to address one or more of the above-mentioned patient needs.
Disclosure of Invention
In accordance with the present invention, a dispensing system and method are provided that overcome at least one or more of the disadvantages of the prior art. From a first broad aspect, there is provided a dispensing system for dispensing unit dosage forms from a blister pack, the dispensing system comprising: a housing for receiving a blister package having a plurality of cavities, wherein at least one unit dosage form is sealed in each of the cavities, the housing comprising at least one housing aperture; a sensing layer, the sensing layer comprising: a plurality of apertures, each sensing layer aperture configured to substantially align with a corresponding one or more of a plurality of cavities of a blister package when the blister package is received in the housing; and a plurality of pressure sensing zones, at least one pressure sensing zone at least partially surrounding each sensing layer aperture; an electronic unit; and a power supply for providing a voltage to the sensing layer; wherein: in use, the unit dosage forms are dispensed from the blister pack through the sensing layer apertures and through the at least one housing aperture by applying pressure to each cavity; and the sensing layer senses the pressure applied in the vicinity of each cavity as each unit dosage form is dispensed from the blister pack.
The dispensing system is advantageous in that a blister pack having a medicament dose or the like sealed in its cavity can be received in a housing of the system, and the patient or other recipient (or caregiver or the like) of the medicament dose can push the cavity to break the seal of the blister and dispense the dose in a conventional manner, and the dispensing system senses the pressure at which the patient expels the dose from the cavity, so that the dose dispensed can be reliably and more accurately determined than in the prior art. Furthermore, the modular arrangement of the dispensing system (i.e. the housing configured to receive a blister pack) enables the system to be reused multiple times with replacement blister packs being replenished as each previous blister pack is emptied. Thus, the electronic unit can be used multiple times, for example, thereby avoiding the cost and environmental issues associated with single use or disposal of the electronics after a brief use. Similarly, the sensing layer may be reused multiple times. Furthermore, since the sensing layer comprises an aperture, this enables the blister package to be inserted on top of the sensing layer in the housing, so it is easy and convenient for patients to drop their blister package into the assembled system.
The system is particularly beneficial for unit dosage forms (pills, tablets, capsules, etc.) provided to patients in standard blister packs, as is the case with many medicaments distributed in many countries. Standard blister packages typically have a plurality of cavities spaced in a regular or irregular array, with each cavity having a single dose of medicament therein, which can be expelled from the blister package by collapsing the cavity with pressure (e.g., from the patient's finger or thumb) and pushing the dose through a burstable seal over the cavity. The term "standard" is intended herein to indicate prior art blister packages of various sizes, shapes and configurations, which may be specific to a particular medication, but are typically mass produced in a similar fashion for each medication. Thus, a user of the system may simply insert a standard blister pack into the housing and dispense the doses at the required time, the system determining the dispensing event such that compliance or non-compliance with the dosage regimen is recorded for further reference. When all of the doses in the blister have been dispensed, the user simply removes the empty blister pack from the housing and inserts a replacement standard blister pack to continue to record their compliance or non-compliance with the treatment regimen. Advantageously, the system may comprise at least one sensor for detecting the removal of a blank blister package and/or the insertion of a replacement blister package, and the detection thereof enables the system to be adjusted or updated in response to this event, e.g. resetting any counters, displays etc. and/or displaying this information to the user etc.
As described above, the dispensing system uses the pressure applied by the patient to expel a dose to determine when the patient takes a dose of medicament. This is achieved by using a sensing layer having an orifice through which the doses are dispensed and a pressure sensing region. The sensing layer may include a pressure sensitive layer defining the pressure sensing regions and a conductive layer including conductive regions substantially aligned with the pressure sensing regions of the sensing layer. This arrangement is advantageous because a voltage can be applied to the conductive layer and when the conductive regions of the layer contact the pressure sensing regions, a current flows in the pressure sensing regions, thereby enabling pressure sensing.
The sensing layer may further comprise a spacer layer between the pressure sensitive layer and the conductive layer, the spacer layer spacing the pressure sensitive layer from the conductive layer such that they are not in electrical contact, and the spacer layer being compressible such that the pressure sensitive layer can be brought into electrical contact with the conductive layer. Thus, when the pressure sensitive layer is spaced apart from the conductive layer, any voltage supplied to the conductive layer will not be supplied to the pressure sensitive layer. However, as the patient pushes the blister package cavity to expel a dose, the spacer layer compresses and brings the pressure sensitive layer into electrical contact with the conductive layer, so that a voltage is provided to the pressure sensing layer and determines the pressure applied to the blister. This open/switch type arrangement is particularly advantageous in enabling the use of a low power supply in the system and improving the life of the system, since the circuit/switch is closed only when pressure is applied to the sensing layer and the gap is sufficiently compressed. The spacer layer may comprise a foam, which is a material that is easily configurable for a desired compressibility under a suitable amount of pressure.
The layers of the system may be configured in any suitable manner to achieve the above functionality. For example, the sensing layer aperture may be substantially circular or elliptical, and the sensing layer aperture of the spacing layer may have a larger diameter than the sensing layer aperture of the pressure sensitive layer and the sensing layer aperture of the conductive layer, such that an air gap is provided between the pressure sensitive layer and the conductive layer in the vicinity of the apertures. That is, there is a portion of the aperture surrounding each of the pressure sensitive layer and the conductive layer that is exposed even when in contact with the spacing layer such that when the spacing layer is compressed, the exposed portion is in direct contact. The aperture of the pressure sensitive layer may be substantially the same size as the aperture of the conductive layer, or one of the layers may have an aperture with a diameter larger than the other of the layers.
As mentioned above, it is desirable to space the conductive layer, to which a voltage can be supplied by a power supply, from the sub-sensitive layers unless sufficient pressure is applied to bring the layers into electrical contact in use. Thus, the sensing layer can be configured such that compression of the compressible spacer layer depletes air gaps until the pressure sensitive layer is brought into electrical contact with the conductive layer. The power source may be a battery, such as a button cell or other small battery device, and/or may be rechargeable via an external source (e.g., by inductive coupling) and/or may be a solar cell, etc.
The pressure sensitive layer may be configured in any suitable manner such that the pressure thereon is recorded and/or measured in a suitable form. In a particular arrangement, the pressure sensitive layer may comprise a non-conductive material comprising conductive particles dispersed therein. Such materials are typically semi-conductive materials, allowing current to flow through the material but to less than the same extent as conductive materials, and are pressure sensitive in that the resistance of the material changes (typically decreases) as pressure is applied to the material, as the dispersed conductive particles are more tightly compressed together. Thus, the change in resistance of the material can be measured at one or more different locations in the material to determine where and how much pressure has been applied to the material. Particularly useful materials for the pressure sensitive layer are flexible and relatively low cost materials such as polymeric film layers comprising impregnated conductive particles, preferably carbon black particles, polyolefins (materials of layers, examples of suitable materials include. polyolefin, polyethyleneAnd
andfor example,is particularly useful because it is thin, flexible and easy to manufactureResulting in the desired layer (which can be cut to shape and cut apertures therefrom). However, any suitable material having suitable properties may be used.The conductive layer may be configured in any suitable manner such that a voltage may be provided to/from the layer. Particularly for low cost dispensing systems, it is desirable that the conductive layer be simple to manufacture and mass produce. Thus, the conductive layer may comprise a Printed Circuit Board (PCB). Such printed electronics are convenient, easy to configure, low cost, and easy to print on thin and/or flexible materials well suited for use in the present system. In some arrangements, for example where it is desired to determine the particular location at which pressure is applied, the conductive regions of the conductive layer may be substantially annular and surround apertures in the conductive layer, each conductive region being discrete from any other conductive region of the conductive layer. Thus, the pressure at or around a particular blister may be identified, as a change in (for example) resistance of the material at a particular location may be detected. Such conductive areas may be printed around each aperture with traces connecting each aperture to control electronics and the like. Alternatively, for ease of manufacture, the conductive region of the conductive layer may comprise substantially all of the conductive layer. Thus, for example, the substrate may have an entire coating of the applied conductive material (or indeed the layer may comprise substantially conductive material), and appropriate apertures may be cut from the layer to form the conductive layer.
The housing of the dispensing system includes at least one housing orifice. This allows pills and the like to be pushed from the blister cavity and through the aperture in the housing. The housing aperture may, for example, cover substantially all of the base of the housing, with only the frame around the exterior of the aperture defining the housing base. This enables blister packages of different configurations to be used with the housing because the housing aperture is large and aligned with all of the blisters. However, to provide more structural rigidity to the housing, the housing may comprise a base comprising a plurality of housing apertures arranged in an array such that each housing aperture is substantially aligned with at least one of the plurality of cavities of a blister package when the blister package is received in the housing, the blister package being a standard blister package. The housing apertures may be configured to be substantially the same size (or slightly larger) and in a corresponding pattern as the footprint of each blister so as to match a particular blister pack. Alternatively, the housing apertures may be substantially larger than the footprint of each blister and configured to correspond with several blisters of a blister package. In some arrangements, the base portion of the housing may be removable and replaceable with a base portion having a differently configured aperture to enable the housing to be customised for different blister packs.
The dispensing system includes an electronics unit and a power source. The electronics unit may include components, such as a processor, for processing received signals indicative of pressure applied to the sensing layer, and the like. Thus, the electrical system of the distribution system is an active system, in contrast to the passive systems of some prior art arrangements. The electronic unit may include a memory for storing data corresponding to at least the time and date that the sensing layer senses the pressure applied in the vicinity of each cavity when each unit dosage form is dispensed from the blister package. The electronic unit may further comprise a transmitter, which may be a wireless transmitter, which may be a bluetooth LE transmitter for transmitting data to a remote device, the data corresponding to at least the time and date that the sensing layer senses the pressure applied in the vicinity of each cavity when each unit dosage form is dispensed from the blister pack, and/or the data corresponding to a reminder that a unit dosage form should be dispensed at a predetermined date and time. Other transmitters are contemplated in other embodiments of the present invention, such as transmitters that communicate via other wireless protocols, including WiFi, 3G, 4G, 5G, etc. Thus, information about when to press the blister and thus dispense the dose may be transmitted to an external device, such as a computer, smartphone, smartwatch, printer, etc., and the patient or caregiver can see data about whether the patient has followed their dosage regimen and whether there is a particular time when the patient has not followed the dosage regimen, etc.
The dispensing system may include other components, for example, within the electronics unit, to assist in the efficient operation of the system. The system may include an accelerometer so that the system may, for example, determine when a user is manipulating the dispensing system. The accelerometer may be configured to determine when an activity level above a certain threshold is detected, and thus determine that the user is likely to dispense a dose. The system may use this determination to wake up the necessary components of the device to detect the dispensing of a dose and/or select an appropriate algorithm to determine whether to dispense a dose, etc. The accelerometer may also be configured to determine when an activity level below a certain threshold is detected, and thus determine that the dispensing system may have been put in place by the user. The system may use this determination to shut down any components not required for the basic operation of the system, such as those used to detect dose dispensing (i.e., the system may switch to a sleep mode to conserve power).
As described above, the reminder may be transmitted to a remote device, such as to a smart phone or smart watch of the patient, to remind them when a dose of medication should be taken in order to help them follow the dosage regimen. Additionally or alternatively, an alert may be generated at the remote device based on information provided from the dispensing system. The alert may be in the form of a message displayed on the remote device, an alarm, a visual indication such as a light flash, and/or a vibratory alert. Additionally or alternatively, it may be useful for the patient to receive reminders at the dispensing system itself. Thus, the dispensing system may include a display for displaying reminders and/or other useful information, and/or may include other means for indicating when to dispense a dose, such as lights illuminated to indicate dose time, and/or a vibratory alert and/or an audible alarm, etc. The dispensing system display may additionally or alternatively display other information, for example the display may display the above data such as when a pill has been taken or missed.
The sensing layer of the dispensing system senses the pressure applied when dispensing a dose from a blister pack inserted into the dispensing system. Although the dispensing system may be configured to determine any pressure near the cavity as the dispensing pressure, the pressure may not be sufficient to dispense a dose of the medicament and/or the pressure is not due to the patient intentionally applying pressure to dispense a dose. For example, if a patient carries the dispensing mechanism in a pocket, purse, handbag, bag, etc., inadvertent pressure may be applied to the dispensing device by contact with other objects in the bag, etc., or while the patient is moving around, etc. Accordingly, it is desirable to determine whether the pressure applied to the dispensing system may be used to dispense a dose, or for other reasons. Thus, the sensing layer may sense the distribution of pressure applied in the vicinity of each cavity to determine whether a unit dosage form has been dispensed from the blister pack; or whether the pressure has a non-dispensing pressure profile. For example, a threshold may be determined for the sensed pressure above which it is determined that it is likely to dispense a dose. For example, where the pressure sensitive layer comprises a semiconductive material, a measured resistance below a certain threshold may be indicative of a sufficient amount of pressure for dispensing a dose. Additionally or alternatively, the shape of the pressure and/or its position may be used to determine whether a dose has been dispensed. For example, if the sensing layer senses pressure at multiple locations (perhaps of the same order of magnitude at each location), the system may determine that this is more likely because the dispensing system is pushing against other items in a bag or in a pocket, etc. By analyzing the pressure pattern, e.g., the amount of pressure, the pressure profile (if one side of the orifice is subjected to a higher pressure than the other side), the pressure profile (i.e., how quickly the pressure builds up and releases, etc.), the dispensing system can determine whether a pill has been taken. The algorithm may be implemented internally in the electronic device or may be implemented mechanically, for example by adjusting the thickness of the foam and the stiffness of the sensor structure to give an indication only if sufficient pressure is applied.
As mentioned above, a modular dispensing system is advantageous because many of the components of the system can be reused with multiple successive blister packages. Some components of the dispensing system may be more durable than others. For example, the housing may be formed of plastic and need infrequently be replaced. Other components of the system may need to be replaced more frequently if, for example, the power supply is out of date. However, in some arrangements, a replaceable and/or rechargeable battery is provided. The sensing layer may be relatively durable and need not be replaced periodically, but in alternative configurations it may be desirable to tailor the configuration of the sensing layer to different blister packages, even though they are standard blister packages, as they may have different configurations and differ for a particular medication, and so on. Thus, the housing and the sensing layer may be separable components and configured such that sensing layers having different configurations are each receivable in the housing. The patient can then remove the existing sensor layer and insert a replacement sensor layer to modify the dispensing system as needed. The electronics unit may be substantially enclosed within the housing, the housing having a connection opening to receive a connector of the sensing layer to connect to the electronics unit. This protects the electronic unit from damage, dirt, etc., thereby improving the service life of the electronic unit. However, the housing may be configured such that the closure may be opened to access the electronic unit or other parts of the system to replace the power source and/or any components of the electronic unit and/or the entire electronic unit. Thus, the system is configurable, updatable, and/or upgradeable, and is more flexible than prior art arrangements and prevents unnecessary discarding of system components.
From another broad aspect, there is provided a method of dispensing a unit dosage form from a dispensing system having a blister pack received therein, the dispensing system comprising: a housing for receiving a blister package having a plurality of cavities, wherein at least one unit dosage form is sealed in each of the cavities, the housing comprising at least one housing aperture; a sensing layer, the sensing layer comprising: a plurality of apertures, each sensing layer aperture configured to substantially align with a corresponding one or more of a plurality of cavities of a blister package when the blister package is received in the housing; and a plurality of pressure sensing zones, at least one pressure sensing zone at least partially surrounding each sensing layer aperture; an electronic unit; and a power supply for providing a voltage to the sensing layer; the method comprises the following steps: sensing, with the sensing layer, a pressure applied proximate each cavity as each unit dosage form is dispensed from the blister package through the sensing layer apertures and through the at least one housing aperture. According to a first broad aspect of the invention, a dispensing system for use in the method may have any one or more of the features discussed above. For example, the sensing layer of the dispensing device may further comprise a spacer layer between the pressure sensitive layer and the conductive layer, the spacer layer spacing the pressure sensitive layer from the conductive layer such that they are not in electrical contact, and the method further comprises bringing the pressure sensitive layer into electrical contact with the conductive layer by compressing the spacer layer.
The sensing layer apertures may be substantially circular or elliptical, and the sensing layer aperture of the spacing layer may have a larger diameter than the sensing layer aperture of the pressure sensitive layer and the sensing layer aperture of the conductive layer such that an air gap is provided between the pressure sensitive layer and the conductive layer in the vicinity of the apertures, the method further comprising compressing the compressible spacing layer to deplete the air gap until the pressure sensitive layer is in electrical contact with the conductive layer.
The method may further include providing a voltage from the power source to the conductive layer. The method may further include storing data in a memory of the electronic unit corresponding to at least the time and date that the sensing layer senses the pressure applied proximate each cavity as each unit dosage form is dispensed from the blister package. The method may further comprise detecting and/or storing other useful information, such as an Identification (ID) of the blister package inserted in the housing (which ID may be detected, for example, from a chip or tag of the blister package in which the ID is stored), and/or information about the removal and/or insertion of the blister package, and/or information about the orientation of the blister package, etc. The method may further comprise transmitting data to a remote device, the data corresponding to at least the time and date that the sensing layer senses the pressure applied in the vicinity of each cavity when each unit dosage form is dispensed from the blister pack, and/or the data corresponding to a reminder that a unit dosage form should be dispensed at a predetermined date and time. The method may further comprise wirelessly transmitting data, preferably comprising bluetooth LE transmission.
The method may further include displaying the data on a display of the distribution system. The method may further include sensing a distribution of the applied pressure in the vicinity of each cavity to determine: whether a unit dosage form has been dispensed from the blister pack; or whether the pressure has a non-dispensing pressure profile.
Drawings
Preferred aspects and embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a dispensing system having a blister package received therein according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the dispensing system of FIG. 1 without the blister pack;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a portion of the dispensing system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a portion of a layer of a sensing layer of a dispensing system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 5A-5D are schematic top views illustrating embodiments of layers of the sensing layer of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a conductive layer of a dispensing system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a communication network for a distribution system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 illustrates an example of information transmitted from a dispensing system and displayed on a device of a patient using the dispensing system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9A is a schematic side view of a portion of a layer of a sensing layer of a dispensing system according to an alternative embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9B is a schematic top view of a portion of the conductive layer of FIG. 9A, wherein the conductive region surrounds the conductive aperture;
FIG. 9C is a schematic side view of the dispensing system layer of FIG. 9A in a compressed state when a dose is dispensed;
FIG. 10 is a schematic top view of an inductive sensing layer according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention;
11A and 11B are schematic side views of a capacitive sensing layer in an uncompressed state and a compressed state, respectively, according to an alternative embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 12A is a schematic side view of an optical sensing layer according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12B is a schematic top view of the optical measurement layer of FIG. 12A;
13A and 13B are schematic top views of conductive layers having conductive regions according to alternative embodiments of the present invention; and
FIGS. 14A and 14B are schematic side views of a sensing layer according to an alternative simplified embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
A dispensing system (and method) according to embodiments of the present invention is configured to dispense unit doses from a blister pack, typically a standard blister pack. A blister package is considered a standard blister package when, for example, a particular medicament is dispensed in a blister package that typically remains in the same configuration for an extended period of time (e.g., mass production and/or a standard arrangement with multiple cavities, etc.). A typical standard blister package comprises flat foils (overlying and attached to each other). One relatively rigid foil, most commonly referred to as the base, includes cavities or open "blisters" for individually receiving tablets or capsules, while the other foil is flat and most commonly referred to as the lid and seals the openings of the cavities or blisters. The most common sealing process is heat sealing, at least one of the foils has thermoplastic properties, and the manufacture of the package is currently performed most rationally by continuously joining webs of foil for said sealing and cutting them into said packages. Whereby pressing the blister from the top will cause the medicament to pierce the cover foil, so that the medicament is released from the package for administration to the patient.
Referring to fig. 1, a
The
In fig. 2, the
Referring now to fig. 3, a portion of a
Fig. 4 illustrates a portion of the
Two different
The alternative conductive layer 24' of fig. 5D is formed of a conductive material, such as a copper sheet or other suitable material, or may be formed of a substrate (not shown) having a layer of conductive material printed thereon. Diameter D of
A
As shown in fig. 4, in this embodiment, additional layers are provided on top of the above three
Fig. 9A to 9C illustrate a portion of a sensing layer according to an alternative embodiment of the present invention. This arrangement again comprises a
As shown in fig. 9C, when it is desired to dispense a unit dose, such as a tablet, a downward pressure P is applied to the dose inside the blister (not shown) and this pressure P compresses the layer of the
Referring now to fig. 7, a
The
Additionally or alternatively, as shown in fig. 7, information regarding the dispensed
As also shown in fig. 7, data from the
The above embodiments include pressure sensing arrangements, but alternative embodiments having alternative sensing layers are also contemplated within the scope of the invention. For example, as shown in fig. 10, an induction sensitive layer 122 (or induction layer 122) is disclosed that may be used in place of the pressure
Fig. 11A and 11B illustrate another alternative embodiment according to the present invention, which includes a capacitance-sensitive layer 222 (or a capacitive layer 222). Much like the
Fig. 12A and 12B illustrate another alternative embodiment according to the present invention, which includes an optically sensitive layer 322 (or optical layer 322). In the illustrated embodiment, a
The above embodiments illustrate arrangements according to the invention, but are not limiting and the scope of the invention is defined by the claims. It is understood that other arrangements of each of the above examples are possible. For example, other resistance embodiments are illustrated in fig. 13A-13B and 14A-14B. Fig. 13A and 13B illustrate two alternative arrangements of the conductive regions of the conductive layer. In fig. 13A, the conductive region 426 does not surround each aperture 425 in the conductive layer 424, but is located at the corners of the conductive layer 424. This simplified construction will still detect pressure (not shown) applied to the pressure sensitive (or other) layer with which it is associated and is simpler to manufacture. Another arrangement is illustrated in fig. 13B, having a plurality of conductive regions 426 'arranged in an array around an elongated aperture 425' through which doses from a plurality of cavities of a blister package can be dispensed. This provides a more accurate determination of where to dispense a dose than the arrangement of figure 13A, but at the same time provides a more versatile configuration capable of accommodating a wider arrangement of blister cavities, thus allowing for potentially reduced manufacturing costs as the number of adaptations required for each particular product blister is reduced.
It should also be understood that while in some of the above embodiments, multiple layers form and/or are associated with the sensing layer, not all of these layers are required and/or additional layers may be provided as desired. FIG. 14A illustrates a
A method of using the
In this rest configuration, voltage from a power source is provided to the
The patient may receive an alert from the
As the patient pushes the
In some embodiments, the
As disclosed in the various embodiments above, a
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