阅读说明：本技术 用于制造用于塔区段的混凝土模板的方法和用于制造用于风能设备的塔的塔区段的方法 (Method for producing a concrete formwork for a tower section and method for producing a tower section of a tower for a wind energy plant ) 是由 英戈·迈耶 卡斯滕·阿尔贝斯 于 2018-07-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于制造用于构件(800)、尤其用于塔优选风能设备(100)的塔(102)的塔区段的混凝土模板(500)的方法,一种用于制造构件、尤其用于塔优选风能设备的塔的塔区段的方法,一种用于构件、尤其用于塔优选风能设备的塔的塔区段的混凝土模板,一种构件、尤其用于塔优选风能设备的塔的塔区段,和一种构件的、尤其用于塔优选风能设备的塔的塔区段的模型(200)。用于制造用于构件的混凝土模板的方法包括：提供构件的模型；围绕模型距模型一定间距设立制造模板(300),其中在制造模板和模型之间存在的空腔(401,402)对应于要制造的混凝土模板的尺寸；用液态混凝土填充空腔；硬化混凝土。(The invention relates to a method for producing a concrete formwork (500) for a component (800), in particular for a tower section of a tower (102) of a tower, preferably a wind energy installation (100), a method for producing a component, in particular for a tower section of a tower, preferably a wind energy installation, a concrete formwork for a component, in particular for a tower section of a tower, preferably a wind energy installation, and a model (200) for a component, in particular for a tower section of a tower, preferably a wind energy installation. The method for manufacturing a concrete form for a member comprises: providing a model of the component; setting up a production template (300) around the model at a distance from the model, wherein a cavity (401, 402) existing between the production template and the model corresponds to the dimensions of the concrete template to be produced; filling the cavity with liquid concrete; and hardening the concrete.)

1. A method for producing a concrete formwork (500) for a component (800), in particular a tower section for a tower, preferably a tower (102) of a wind energy plant (100),

the method comprises the following steps:

-providing a model (200) of the component;

-setting up a manufacturing template (300) around the model at a distance from the model, wherein a cavity (401, 402) existing between the manufacturing template and the model corresponds to the dimensions of the concrete template (500) to be manufactured;

-filling the cavity with liquid concrete;

-hardening the concrete.

2. Method for manufacturing a concrete formwork (500) for a structure (800) according to the preceding claim,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

-removing the manufacturing template (300);

-removing the model (200).

3. Method for manufacturing a concrete formwork (500) for a structure (800) according to at least one of the preceding claims,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

-coating the surface facing the mould when manufacturing the concrete form (500) with an anti-adhesion coating;

and/or

-coating the surface facing the mould at the time of manufacturing the concrete form (500) with a primer and subsequently coating with an anti-adhesion coating.

4. Method for manufacturing a concrete formwork (500) for a structure (800) according to at least one of the preceding claims,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

-the size of the model (200) increases the amount of shrinkage of the concrete with respect to the element (800) to be manufactured by means of the concrete form (500); and/or

-the size of the model (200) is increased relative to the component (800) to be produced by means of the concrete form (500) by an amount that takes into account the shrinkage of the concrete form (500) and of the component (800) to be produced by means of the concrete form.

5. Method for manufacturing a concrete formwork (500) for a structure (800) according to at least one of the preceding claims,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

-reinforcing the cavity (401, 402) by means of a reinforcement, and/or

-introducing an auxiliary mechanism for using and/or transporting the concrete form (500) to be manufactured.

6. Method for manufacturing a concrete formwork (500) for a structure (800) according to at least one of the preceding claims,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the concrete form (500) comprises two sections, in particular an inner section and an outer section, which can be produced simultaneously or in succession.

7. Method for manufacturing a concrete formwork (500) for a structure (800) according to at least one of the preceding claims,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

-dividing the concrete form (500) into two or more sub-concrete forms.

8. Method for manufacturing a concrete formwork (500) for a structure (800) according to at least one of the preceding claims,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

-the manufacturing formwork (300) is configured as a concrete formwork and/or an erected formwork and/or a wooden formwork and/or a load bearing formwork and/or a frame formwork and/or a vanishing formwork and/or a single-headed formwork and/or a double-headed formwork and/or a free-form formwork and/or a round formwork; and/or

The manufacturing template (300) has dimensions suitable for road transport.

9. A method for producing at least two different concrete forms (500) for at least two different components, in particular at least two different tower sections for a tower, preferably a tower (102) of a wind energy installation (100),

the method comprises the following steps:

-manufacturing a first concrete form (500) according to the method according to at least one of the preceding claims,

-providing a second model of a second component, the second component being different from the first component;

-setting up a manufacturing template around the second model at a distance from the second model for manufacturing the first concrete template (500), wherein a cavity created between the manufacturing template and the second model corresponds to the size of the second concrete template to be manufactured;

-filling the cavity with liquid concrete;

-hardening the concrete.

10. Method for producing a component (800), in particular a tower segment for a tower, preferably a tower (102) of a wind energy installation (100), comprising:

-providing a concrete form (500) manufactured according to the method according to at least one of the preceding claims,

-filling the cavity formed by the concrete form (500) with liquid concrete;

-hardening the concrete.

11. Method for manufacturing a component (800) according to the preceding claim,

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

-removing the concrete form (500); and/or

-reinforcing the cavity by means of a reinforcement; and/or

-introducing a guide for a pull cord and/or a conduit and/or a cable into the cavity; and/or

-subjecting the component (800) to a reprocessing, in particular grinding and/or coating.

12. A concrete formwork (500) for a component, in particular a tower section for a tower, preferably a tower (102) of a wind energy plant (100),

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the concrete formwork (500) is manufactured in a method according to at least one of the preceding claims 1-9.

13. Component (800), in particular a tower section for a tower, preferably a tower (102) of a wind energy installation (100),

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

the component (800) is manufactured in a method according to at least one of the preceding claims 10-11 and/or with a concrete form (500) according to the preceding claim 12.

14. A model (200) of a component (800), in particular a tower segment for a tower, preferably a tower (102) of a wind energy plant (100),

it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,

-the size of the model (200) increases the amount of shrinkage of the concrete with respect to the element (800) to be manufactured by means of the concrete form (500); and/or

-the size of the model (200) is increased relative to the component (800) to be produced by means of the concrete form (500) by an amount that takes into account the shrinkage of the concrete form (500) and of the component (800) to be produced by means of the concrete form.

15. Use of a model (200) according to claim 14 for producing a concrete formwork (500) for a component (800), in particular a tower section for a tower, preferably a tower (102) of a wind energy installation (100).

16. Use of a concrete form (500), in particular according to claim 12, for producing a component (800), in particular a tower section for a tower, preferably a tower (101) of a wind energy installation (100).

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for producing a concrete formwork for a component, in particular for a tower section of a tower, preferably a tower of a wind power installation, a method for producing at least two different concrete formworks for at least two different components, in particular for at least two different tower sections of a tower, preferably a tower of a wind power installation, a method for producing a component, in particular for a tower section of a tower, preferably a tower of a wind power installation, a concrete formwork for a component, in particular for a tower section of a tower, preferably a tower of a wind power installation, a model of a component, in particular for a tower section of a tower, preferably a tower of a wind power installation, the use of a model for producing a concrete formwork for a component, in particular for a tower section of a tower, preferably a tower of a wind power installation, and a concrete formwork for producing a component, a concrete formwork for a tower section of a tower, preferably a tower of a wind power installation, In particular for the use of a tower, preferably a tower segment of a tower of a wind power plant.

Background

Components, such as tower sections of towers, in particular for wind power plants, are usually produced from concrete, in particular reinforced concrete and/or prestressed concrete.

To produce such components, formworks are generally used which are used to impart the liquid or flowable concrete (also referred to as fresh concrete) with its shape. The form is typically (as long as it is not a disappearing form) removed after the concrete has hardened or set. Since the template usually surrounds the component to be produced, the dimensions of the template are in part very large. The transport of the formwork is therefore often very complex, especially when formwork for large, special components is to be transported. Since the formwork gives the component to be produced from concrete its shape, corresponding precision is required when building the formwork, which is usually composed of a plurality of individual parts. In the case of imprecise templates, the components produced therewith cannot be used or can only be used to a limited extent and/or may require extensive reprocessing. Special formwork constructions are also usually produced for large special components, for example as steel structural constructions. They are often characterized by high precision, while they are often however expensive and/or costly to transport and/or are not so flexible in the sense that: it is only suitable for the manufacture of specific components and cannot be used for components of different geometries. Furthermore, the purchase time for a particular form construction is typically very high and is thus a limiting factor in producing a large number of components.

The german patent and trademark office has retrieved the following prior art in the preferred application of this application: DE 2329243 a1, DE 4242584 a1 and DE 102010003931 a 1.

Disclosure of Invention

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a solution that reduces or eliminates one or more of the above-mentioned disadvantages. In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide a solution which is improved and/or simplified with respect to existing solutions. Furthermore, the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a concrete formwork for a component, in particular for a tower section of a tower, preferably a tower of a wind energy installation, a method for producing at least two different concrete formworks for at least two different components, in particular for at least two different tower sections of a tower, preferably a tower of a wind energy installation, a method for producing a component, in particular for a tower section of a tower, preferably a tower of a wind energy installation, a concrete formwork for a component, in particular for a tower section of a tower, preferably a tower of a wind energy installation, a model of a component, in particular for a tower section of a tower, preferably a tower of a wind energy installation, the use of a model for producing a concrete formwork for a component, in particular for a tower section of a tower, preferably a tower of a wind energy installation, and the use of a concrete formwork for producing a component, in particular a tower section for a tower, preferably a tower of a wind energy installation, which reduces or eliminates one or more of the above-mentioned disadvantages, in particular is improved and/or simplified and/or more cost-effective.

The object is achieved according to one aspect of the invention by a concrete formwork for producing a component, in particular a tower section for a tower, preferably a tower of a wind energy installation, comprising: providing a model of the component; setting up a production template around the model at a distance from the model, wherein a cavity existing between the production template and the model corresponds to the dimensions of the concrete template to be produced; filling the cavity with liquid concrete; and hardening the concrete.

The method according to the invention provides for the production of a concrete formwork for the component to be finally produced. The formwork for the component is thus produced before the manufacturing process of the component, wherein the concrete formwork for the component is manufactured. For this purpose, a model of the component to be finally produced is first required. A manufacturing template is set up at intervals around the model. A cavity is present between the mold and the fabrication template. In particular, the cavity is bounded on at least one side by a model of the component and on at least one other side by a production template. The cavity is filled with liquid concrete, which hardens. The concrete hardened in the cavity is a concrete form by means of which a form-shaped element can be produced.

The invention is further based on the recognition that: in this way, conventional templates, in particular templates which are simple and/or cost-effective to construct and/or transport, can be used as production templates. No special precision requirements are placed on the production formwork, since the production formwork is only important for the shape of the rear side of the concrete formwork, which faces away from the component to be produced by means of the concrete formwork. The side of the concrete formwork which is important for the shape of the component to be produced by means of the concrete formwork is defined by the model of the component when producing the concrete formwork.

It is therefore advantageous to use a model with high dimensional stability. For example, the form may be manufactured at a location different from the location where the concrete form is manufactured. The model for the component can be transported more simply and/or more easily and/or more cost-effectively than the template for producing the component. The method according to the invention thus enables, for example: the model is manufactured with high precision and transported to the site where the component and/or the concrete form shall be manufactured. The production formwork for producing concrete formworks can be set up and constructed immediately easily and cost-effectively due to the small requirements placed on the production formwork. The dimensional stability of the model is important in particular for the dimensional stability of the component to be produced.

The production formwork is therefore used only for the production of concrete formworks, but not directly for the production of components. The component is produced as described further below by using concrete forms. Any number of components can be manufactured with the aid of the concrete formwork. Likewise, any number of concrete forms can be produced with the aid of the model and the production form.

Different advantages result from the method described here. The invention is used in particular for particularly large components with high dimensional accuracy, such as, for example, tower sections for towers, in particular for towers of wind energy installations. A particularly large component is to be understood here to mean, in particular, a final weight of more than 10 tons, in particular more than 25 tons, for example more than 30 tons or more than 50 tons. An especially large component is also to be understood here as meaning, in particular, an annular or curved component having a radius of at least 1m, preferably at least 1.5m, in particular at least 2m, and/or an arcuate component having a radius of at least 2m, preferably at least 3m, in particular at least 4m or at least 5 m.

For particularly large components with high dimensional accuracy, in particular tower sections for towers, in particular towers of wind energy installations, a correspondingly high dimensional accuracy of the template is required, which conventional templates cannot provide. A template constructed immediately from the individual template elements provides less well-reproduced results. A formwork consisting of hardened foam or the like cannot provide a sufficiently high dimensional accuracy for particularly large components, such as, for example, tower sections for towers, in particular for towers of wind energy installations, particularly also during the concrete casting process of the component to be produced. In the case of particularly large components, in particular large annular or curved components, high forces acting on the formwork occur during the concrete casting and hardening of the concrete, which forces, for example, lead to deformations in the case of formworks made of hardened foam or the like. The invention is further based on the recognition that: the concrete form and the method described therein are advantageous for this purpose.

If in this description reference is made to a production template surrounding a model at a distance, this means in particular that the production template is spaced apart from one or more sides of the model. In particular, it may be advantageous if the production template does not completely enclose the model, i.e. not from all sides. For example, the model and manufacturing template may be provided on a base. The base may for example be a template table and be considered as part of a manufacturing template, but may also be different and for example not form part of a manufacturing template. The cavity formed between the mold and the production template is therefore bounded at least on one side by the mold and on the other side by the production template. The other sides of the cavity may be delimited by other elements or may also be open. It is particularly preferred that the side of the cavity facing the upper part is at least partially open, wherein preferably liquid concrete can be introduced into the cavity through the open side of the cavity.

The production template can preferably extend beyond the mold, in particular in the vertical direction. Furthermore, the mold can preferably also extend in the vertical direction beyond the component to be produced thereby and/or be provided with an extension element and/or part of the production template. This is particularly useful when producing concrete forms, in which the cavity does not have to be filled completely with liquid concrete toward the top, but rather the boundary is above the concrete level.

It is furthermore particularly preferred to produce a concrete formwork which extends in the vertical direction beyond the component to be produced by means of the concrete formwork. This has the advantage that, when the component is produced with the aid of the concrete form, the cavity does not have to be filled completely upwards with liquid concrete, but rather an excess of the concrete form above the filling level of the concrete is achieved.

For example, for circular elements, a corresponding circular mold is preferably also used for producing circular concrete forms. The concrete formwork can preferably have an inner section in the form of a circular ring and an outer section in the form of a circular ring, i.e. comprising two circular rings spaced apart from one another. The two rings may be spaced apart from each other by the pattern when the concrete form is being made. When the component is manufactured by means of a concrete form, the cavity between the two rings is preferably filled with concrete, which concrete is then to form the component after hardening.

For a component having the shape of a ring segment, for example, a corresponding model in the shape of a ring segment is preferably also used for producing a concrete formwork in the shape of a ring segment. The concrete formwork preferably comprises an inner section in the shape of a ring segment and an outer section in the shape of a ring segment, between which the formwork is located when the concrete formwork is produced and correspondingly when the component is produced liquid concrete is introduced into the cavity between the two ring segments by means of the concrete formwork, which liquid concrete is then intended to form the component after hardening. Preferably, the circumferential end faces of the cavity between the mold and the production formwork are delimited such that no liquid concrete can escape through the circumferential end faces during the production of the concrete formwork. The delimitations of the end faces in the circumferential direction may be part of the production template. For example, the production formwork can be arranged such that it also extends in the circumferential direction of the formwork at a distance from the end faces, so that the concrete formwork also has corresponding end faces in the circumferential direction, which can in particular connect the inner and outer sections of the concrete formwork.

Furthermore, it is preferred that, during the subsequent production of the component, the circumferential end faces of the cavity between the inner and outer sections of the concrete formwork are also delimited, so that, during the production of the component, liquid concrete can also escape past the circumferential end faces. As described above, this can preferably be achieved in that the concrete formwork has end faces in the circumferential direction.

If reference is made in this description to a model and/or a component and/or a concrete form, this may in particular mean a first model and/or a first component and/or a first concrete form. The component is understood here to mean, in particular, a tower section for a tower, in particular a tower of a wind power installation. The tower section can be an annular section of a tower, in particular of a tower of a wind power plant. The tower section may however also have the shape of only one circular ring section, so that the ring section of the tower may be constructed from a plurality of tower sections. The components or tower sections can also be formed in a plate-like or square manner. The methods, features and aspects described herein can also be used for plate-like or square components or tower sections. Terms such as circumferential direction or radius are then to be designed according to the plate-like or square-shaped design of the component or tower section, for example with regard to the thickness or length extension of the component or tower section.

If liquid concrete is mentioned in the present description, this means liquid or flowable fresh concrete, in particular of the quality required and/or desired for the production of concrete forms and/or components. In particular, the requirements on the concrete characteristics for manufacturing the concrete formwork on the one hand and the component on the other hand may differ, so that concretes of different quality and/or with different properties may be used for the concrete formwork and the component.

Preferably, the method for manufacturing a concrete form for a component is further characterized by removing the manufacturing form. The manufacturing form may preferably be removed from the concrete form after the concrete of the concrete form has hardened. This can be done, for example, by transporting and/or unloading the production formwork and/or transporting the hardened concrete formwork.

Preferably, the method for producing a concrete formwork for a component is furthermore characterized in that the formwork is removed. Preferably, the form is removed after the concrete of the concrete form has hardened. This can be done, for example, by transporting the formwork and/or transporting the hardened concrete form. Preferably, the concrete form may be divided into two or more sections, as also described further below. Preferably, the concrete formwork and/or parts thereof can be moved, for example by means of hydraulics or by a lifting stroke, in particular in order to remove the formwork (or the components subsequently produced by means of the formwork).

Furthermore, the method for producing a concrete formwork for a component is preferably improved by: the surface facing the mould when the concrete form is manufactured is coated with an anti-adhesion coating.

Preferably, one, some or all of the surfaces of the concrete form that face the form when the concrete form is manufactured are coated with an anti-adhesion coating. This serves, in particular, to prevent or reduce the adhesion of the concrete of the component to the concrete of the concrete formwork during the subsequent production of the component by means of the concrete formwork.

The coating with the anti-adhesion coating can be performed, for example, after the concrete has hardened, possibly after the removal of the form. For example, the coating by means of the anti-adhesion coating can be carried out by applying a coating material, such as, for example, a concrete release agent, a lacquer, in particular a PU-based pigment, a film, or the like. Examples of concrete release agents are, for example, water-soluble template oils, water-insoluble template oils, template pastes, template waxes, release agents for chemical reactions. Concrete release agents are commonly used to reduce the adhesion between the concrete and the formwork. In conventional forms without a concrete surface, pore sealing or pore reduction is generally achieved by applying a release agent that reduces the water absorption capacity of the form skin.

The coating with the aid of the anti-adhesion coating can also be implemented such that, before or during the filling of the liquid concrete, a coating material, for example in the form of a film, a mat or the like, is introduced into the cavity between the production formwork and the formwork on the side of the cavity facing the formwork.

Furthermore, the method for producing a concrete formwork for a component is preferably improved by: the surface facing the formwork during the production of the concrete formwork is coated with a primer coating and subsequently with an anti-adhesion coating. Preferably, the first coating material, e.g. a lacquer, may be applied as a primer coating at some or all of the surfaces of the concrete form that are facing the mould when the concrete form is manufactured. Subsequently, a second, in particular different, coating material, for example a concrete release agent, an anti-adhesion coating, is preferably applied on some or more of the surfaces of the concrete form that face the formwork when the concrete form is being manufactured. This is particularly preferred in order to prepare the surface such that, for example, the concrete release agent adheres to the primer coating, since the concrete release agent usually does not adhere well to the concrete surface.

In a preferred embodiment of the method for producing a concrete formwork for a component, it is proposed that the size of the formwork is increased relative to the component to be produced by means of the concrete formwork by the amount of shrinkage of the concrete. During hardening, liquid concrete changes its volume, in particular due to the release of moisture (drying) and due to chemical reactions or tissue transformations. The reduction in volume is also referred to as shrinkage, and the magnitude of the reduction in volume is referred to as the amount of shrinkage. In order that a component of a desired size can be produced by means of the concrete formwork, it is preferred that the mould used for producing the concrete formwork is larger relative to the component to be produced by means of the concrete formwork, for example the shrinkage of large concrete, preferably of large concrete for producing the component. Preferably, it can additionally be taken into account in the dimensioning of the model that the concrete of the concrete formwork shrinks when it hardens. For example, it can be provided that the model, although being larger than the component to be produced therewith, is nevertheless reduced by a proportion compensated for by shrinkage of the concrete formwork. It is therefore preferred that the size of the model is increased relative to the component to be produced by means of the concrete formwork by an amount that takes into account the shrinkage of the concrete formwork and of the component to be produced by means of the concrete formwork. The amount of shrinkage of the concrete is also particularly relevant for the component geometry. For example, when considering the shrinkage of concrete, the thickness of the concrete, the quality of the concrete to be used, the ambient environment (e.g., air humidity, temperature, etc.) when drying the concrete, and the like are considered. In the case of high-strength concrete, for example, a shrinkage of approximately 0.3mm/m of wall thickness can be determined.

It is also preferred that the method for producing a concrete form for a component is characterized in that the method comprises providing a rail at the concrete form. The rail can be used, for example, to provide a grinding machine for preferably machining the surface. It is particularly preferred that the track is anchored to the concrete form.

A preferred development of the method for producing a concrete formwork for a component provides that the lining is provided at one, two or more locations. It is particularly preferred that the gasket is provided in edges, corners, recesses and similar geometries. The lining is preferably made of or comprises a metallic material, in particular steel. The spacer can be designed, for example, as a flat element, in particular as a plate. Such a gasket may, for example, prevent or at least reduce partial or complete breakage of a particular site.

The method for producing a concrete form for a component is preferably further characterized in that the cavity is reinforced by means of a reinforcement and/or auxiliary means for using and/or transporting the concrete form to be produced are introduced. Preferably, the reinforcement and/or the auxiliary means for using and/or transporting the concrete form can be introduced into the cavity before filling the cavity with liquid concrete. The reinforcing elements and/or auxiliary means can also be produced and/or provided in advance (completely or partially), for example, and the production forms and the formers can be arranged adjacent to the reinforcing elements and/or auxiliary means for realizing the corresponding cavities. The reinforcement may also be provided as a pre-woven basket, for example. Auxiliary mechanisms for using and/or transporting concrete forms may include, for example, lift anchors, sleeve pins, and the like. The auxiliary device can be fixed to the reinforcement, for example.

A preferred development of the method for producing a concrete formwork for a component is characterized in that the reinforcement consists of steel or comprises steel; and/or the reinforcement is constituted by or comprises a textile structure; and/or the reinforcement is made of or comprises a glass-fibre reinforced plastic; and/or the reinforcement is made of or has a fibrous structure, in particular a glass fiber and/or plastic fiber structure. The textile structure and/or the fibrous structure may for example comprise or consist of carbon fibers and/or alkali-resistant fibers.

According to a preferred embodiment of the method for producing a concrete form for a component, it is proposed that the concrete form comprises two sections, from the inner section and the outer section thereof, which sections can be produced simultaneously or in succession. As already indicated above, the inner and/or outer section can be formed in a circular ring shape or have the shape of a circular ring segment. Furthermore, the concrete form may also have more than two sections. For example, the inner and outer sections in the shape of ring segments can be connected by a connecting section on the end side of the ring circumference.

It is also preferred that the method for producing a concrete form for a component is characterized in that the concrete form is divided into two or more partial concrete forms. It may be preferred that the concrete form is divided into two or more sub-concrete forms, in particular after the concrete has hardened, for example in order to make it easier to transport and/or store the concrete form and/or to make it easier to remove a form or a component manufactured by means of the concrete form. The separation of the concrete formwork can take place in particular in the horizontal direction and/or in the vertical direction and/or in the radial direction and/or in the circumferential direction. Preferably, the concrete form has two separation points, which can be positioned in particular at opposite regions of the concrete form. In the case of a concrete formwork of circular design with two separate points, the latter are preferably positioned in the region of 0 arc and 180 arc. Such concrete forms can be used, for example, for full sections and/or half sections. It may also be preferred to provide three or more separation points at the concrete formwork. With regard to a concrete form configured in a circular shape with three separate locations, the separate locations are preferably positioned in the area at 0 radians, at 120 radians and at 240 radians.

A further preferred development of the method for producing a concrete formwork for a component is characterized in that the production formwork is designed as a concrete formwork and/or as an upright formwork and/or as a wooden formwork and/or as a carrier formwork and/or as a frame formwork and/or as a disappearing formwork and/or as a single-headed formwork and/or as a double-headed formwork and/or as a free-form formwork and/or as a round formwork; and/or the manufacturing template has dimensions suitable for road transport. As has also been mentioned above, the production of the formwork serves only for shaping the side of the concrete formwork facing away from the component to be produced by means of the concrete formwork. The side of the concrete formwork facing away from the component to be produced is of no importance for the dimensional stability of the component. Therefore, any formwork can be used as the manufacturing formwork as long as it can realize the manufacturing of the concrete formwork. In particular, the type of manufacturing template may be matched to known conditions in the field with respect to availability and/or cost.

Furthermore, it is preferred that the mold consists of steel and/or comprises steel; and/or the mold is composed of and/or has a steel alloy; and/or the model has dimensions suitable for road transport; and/or the model may be composed of two or more sub-models, and the two or more sub-models have respective sizes suitable for road transportation. It may also be preferred that the mold is made of aluminum and/or of a composite material, in particular a glass fiber-reinforced and/or carbon fiber-reinforced plastic, or has aluminum and/or of a composite material, in particular a glass fiber-reinforced and/or carbon fiber-reinforced plastic. The design is preferred in order to ensure a high dimensional stability of the formwork, in particular even when used several times for producing concrete formworks, and/or in order to simplify the transport of the formwork, in particular also over larger distances. Since high demands are preferably made on the dimensional stability of the model, it may be preferable for the model to be produced centrally and/or in a particularly qualified place for this and transported to the site where the components corresponding to the model are to be produced, for which the concrete formwork is first constructed. The design of the model with high dimensional stability and/or favorable transport dimensions is therefore advantageous. Preferably, the mold is designed as a hollow element, possibly with internal support columns and/or a filling of other particularly lightweight and/or strong materials. Thereby the weight of the model can be reduced.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the object mentioned at the outset is achieved by a method for producing at least two different concrete forms for at least two different components, in particular for at least two different tower sections of a tower, preferably of a wind energy plant, comprising: manufacturing a concrete form according to the method; providing a second model of a second member, the second member being different from the first member; a production template for producing the first concrete form around the second form before it is set up at a distance from the second form, wherein the cavity that arises between the production template and the second form corresponds to the dimensions of the second concrete form to be produced; filling the cavity with liquid concrete; and hardening the concrete.

According to this aspect of the invention, the same manufacturing formwork is used for manufacturing concrete formworks for different components, in particular for components with different geometries thereof, for example different tapered tower sections with different radii and/or for installation at different tower heights. However, the models for the first and second concrete forms are different from the members to be manufactured by means of the first and second concrete forms. The manufacturing form can be used unchanged or identical for manufacturing two concrete forms, especially when the difference in geometry of the two models is small. However, modifications to the manufacturing template can also be proposed, for example in the case of a circular template more or less template elements can be used, depending on what radius of the polygon of the circular template should be realized. Furthermore, the method for producing concrete formworks for different components can be modified according to the modifications of the method for producing concrete formworks described above.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the object mentioned at the outset is achieved by a method for producing a component, in particular a tower segment for a tower, preferably a tower of a wind energy plant, comprising: providing a concrete form made according to the method described hereinbefore; filling a cavity formed by the concrete formwork with liquid concrete; and hardening the concrete.

Providing a concrete form manufactured according to the method described hereinbefore may comprise manufacturing and/or transporting the concrete form. The features and details which are also important and/or advantageous for the production of the component described with reference to the method for producing a concrete formwork are also applicable with respect to the method for producing a component.

According to a preferred embodiment, the method for producing a component is characterized in that: removing the concrete formwork; and/or reinforcing the cavity by means of a reinforcement; and/or to introduce guides for the cable and/or the line and/or the cable into the cavity and/or to reprocess the component, in particular to grind and/or to coat it.

The guide can be designed, for example, as a hollow tube. The reinforcement of the cavity and/or the introduction of the guide is preferably carried out before the cavity is filled with liquid concrete. The reprocessing of the components is preferably carried out after dismantling the formwork of the components, in particular after removing the concrete formwork.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the object mentioned at the outset is achieved by a concrete formwork for a component, in particular for a tower, preferably a tower section of a tower of a wind energy plant, characterized in that the concrete formwork is produced in the method described above.

The concrete form is characterized in particular in that it has a structured surface on the outer circumferential surface facing the production form during production. The structured surface may in particular have the structure of coarse-pore concrete. For example, the structured surface may have the inverse of a crater. In particular, the surface may have different properties than the metal surface. Furthermore, the surface may have indentations, in particular vertically running indentations, which may be caused by the joining of two elements of the manufacturing template. Furthermore, the outer circumferential geometry of the concrete form may have a non-circular and/or oval and/or angular shape.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the object mentioned above is achieved by a component, in particular a tower section for a tower, preferably a tower of a wind energy plant, characterized in that the component is produced in the above-described method and/or with the above-described concrete formwork.

The component produced in the method described above and/or with the concrete formwork described above may for example be characterized by a negative form of two or more joints, where two elements of the concrete formwork are arranged against one another.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the object mentioned at the outset is achieved by a model for a component, in particular for a tower, preferably a tower section of a wind energy plant, characterized in that the size of the model increases with the shrinkage of the concrete for the component to be produced by means of the concrete form.

According to a preferred embodiment of the mold, it is provided that the mold consists of steel and/or comprises steel; and/or the mold is composed of and/or has a steel alloy; and/or the model has dimensions suitable for road transport; and/or the model may be composed of two or more sub-models, and the two or more sub-models have respective sizes suitable for road transportation.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the object mentioned at the outset is achieved by the use of the model described above for producing a concrete formwork for a component, in particular for a tower, preferably a tower section of a tower of a wind energy plant.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the object mentioned at the outset is achieved by the use of a concrete form, in particular the concrete form described above, for producing a component, in particular a tower section for a tower, preferably a tower of a wind energy installation.

For the advantages, implementation variants and implementation details of the respective further aspects of the invention, reference is also made in particular to the above description of the respective features of the further aspects of the invention.

Further advantageous embodiments of the method and of the device according to the invention result from the combination of the preferred features set forth herein.

Drawings

Preferred embodiments of the invention are exemplarily described with reference to the drawings. The figures show:

FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a wind energy plant with a tower with components manufactured according to the invention;

fig. 2 shows a schematic illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the present invention for producing a concrete formwork for a component, in particular for a tower section of a tower of a wind energy plant;

FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross-section through an exemplary embodiment of a mold and fabrication template for a component;

fig. 4 shows a cross section according to fig. 3 with a concrete form;

FIG. 5 illustrates a template according to the prior art that may be used as a manufacturing template;

FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross section through an exemplary embodiment of a concrete form;

fig. 7 shows a cross section according to fig. 3 with the components.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows a wind energy plant 100 with a tower 102 and a nacelle 104. A rotor 106 having rotor blades 108 and a nacelle 110 is arranged on the nacelle 104. Rotor 106 is placed in rotational motion by the wind during operation to drive a generator in nacelle 104. The tower 102 has components manufactured according to the methods described herein.

The schematic illustration of an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention according to fig. 2 for producing a concrete formwork for a component, in particular for a tower section of a tower of a wind energy plant, comprises the following steps: s1: providing a model of the component; s2: setting up a production template around the model at a distance from the model, wherein the cavity that arises between the production template and the model corresponds to the dimensions of the concrete template to be produced; s3: filling the cavity with liquid concrete; s4: hardening the concrete; s5: removing the manufacturing template; s6: removing the model; s7: the surface facing the formwork when the concrete formwork is manufactured is coated with an anti-adhesion coating.

Fig. 3 shows a schematic cross section through an exemplary embodiment of a model 200 for a component and a manufacturing formwork 300, and fig. 4 shows a cross section with concrete formworks 501, 502 according to fig. 3. According to fig. 3, a model 200 of a component can be seen, which is arranged on a base or template table 310. Represented by means of a dashed line 201: the model 200 is increased by the amount of shrinkage of the concrete for the component to be manufactured. The dashed line 201 schematically represents the geometry of the component to be produced, which is reduced by the shrinkage of the concrete. In fig. 3, parts 301, 302 of the production template 300 are arranged spaced apart on the right and left side next to the mold 200. A cavity 401 is formed between the part 301 of the manufacturing template 300 and the member 200 and a further cavity 402 is formed between the part 302 of the manufacturing template 300 and the member 201. Another portion 303 of the manufacturing template 300 is provided on the member 200. The portions 301, 302 of the manufacturing template are supported via posts 304. Alternatively or additionally, the parts 301, 302 can also be connected, in particular screwed, to the template table 310. The portion 303 of the manufacturing template 300 is supported via struts 305 opposite the portions 301, 302 of the manufacturing template 300. The cavities 401, 402 are delimited downwards by the bottom or formwork table 310 and are open upwards, so that liquid concrete can be introduced into the cavities 401, 402 from above. Towards the side, the cavities 401, 402 are bounded by the mold 200 and the portions 301, 302 of the manufacturing template 300. The cavities 401, 402 are also preferably delimited on the end side not visible in fig. 3. This delimitation may be realized by a further (not shown) template part.

As can be seen in fig. 4, the cavities 401, 402 according to fig. 3 are filled with liquid concrete and the concrete hardens, so that two sections 501, 502 of the concrete formwork 500 are produced. The two sections 501, 502 of the concrete formwork 500 can also be referred to as inner and outer sections, in particular when the component to be produced is a circular-ring-shaped component or a component having the shape of a circular-ring segment.

The surfaces 501a, 502a face the mould 200 when the concrete form 500 is manufactured and face the member 800 or the cavity 700 before when the member 800 is manufactured (see fig. 6, 7). The surfaces 501a, 502a are preferably coated with an anti-adhesion coating to avoid or reduce adhesion of the member 800 to the concrete form 500. As anti-adhesion coating, for example, oil or epoxy can be used.

Fig. 6 shows a schematic cross section through an exemplary embodiment of a concrete formwork 501, 502, and fig. 7 shows a cross section with a member 800 according to fig. 3. After the model 200 and the manufacturing form 300 are removed, the manufactured concrete form 500 may be used to manufacture components on a base or form table 310. In this regard, the cavity between the sections 501, 502 of the concrete form 500 is filled with liquid concrete, which forms the component 800 after hardening.

The dimensional stability of the component 800 to be produced by means of the concrete form 500 is influenced by the surfaces 501a, 502a facing the mould 200 when the concrete form 500 is produced, and not by the surfaces facing the production form 300 when the concrete form 500 is produced. Thus, a simple template may be used for manufacturing the template 300, which corresponds to a smaller requirement for accuracy. The formwork 200 produced with the highest possible dimensional stability can on the contrary preferably be reused for producing any number of concrete formworks 500 and can preferably also be transported over longer distances due to the transport dimensions.

In fig. 5, a circular template 600 according to the prior art is shown, which can be used as a manufacturing template. The circular formwork according to fig. 5 has an outer formwork section 601 and an inner formwork section 602, between which a cavity 650 is formed, which can be filled with liquid concrete in order to produce the annular element. Support struts 604 are visible, by means of which the outer formwork section 601 is supported. At the upper end, the inner formwork section 602 has a rail 611. At the upper end of the outer formwork section 601, a surrounding channel 610 is likewise formed with a railing. Such circular templates 600 are known in the art and are flexible to use, also for different radii. In the case of varying geometries of the tower sections, in particular tapered tower sections and/or other special geometries in the tower sections, however, a large number of adjustments are required, which cannot be achieved with the aid of existing templates or can only be achieved with high effort and special quality control with regard to accuracy. According to the invention, it is therefore also possible to use such a flexible formwork, for example the circular formwork 600, as a production formwork in order to add a formwork to the side of the concrete formwork facing away from the formwork and thus from the component to be produced subsequently. In this way, for example, special geometries, such as, for example, tapered components, can also be produced with the aid of concrete formworks, for which the same or only slightly modified production formworks are used.