阅读说明：本技术 一种高原冷凉地区利用长苞冷杉进行地被绿化的方法 (Method for greening ground cover by using fir longibracteata in cold plateau area ) 是由 李燕 黄杏娥 杨洪涛 和加卫 杨正松 杨文宏 毕海林 王宇萍 和建平 和文佳 于 2018-08-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种高原冷凉地区利用长苞冷杉进行地被绿化的方法。属于园艺地被绿化技术领域。其方法主要步骤为：1)采集优质种子；2)消毒种子,按照每平方米2000～2500粒种子播种育苗；3)苗期的病虫害和肥水管理；4)容器苗培育；5)地被绿化定植与养护。本发明扩大了乔木类长苞冷杉的绿化使用范围,增加了木本地被植物的观赏类型,在高原寒冷的冬季可以保持常绿,并且管护成本低,便于利用推广。(The invention discloses a method for greening ground cover by using fir longibracteata in cold plateau areas. Belongs to the technical field of gardening ground cover greening. The method mainly comprises the following steps: 1) collecting high-quality seeds; 2) disinfecting seeds, and sowing and growing seedlings according to 2000-2500 seeds per square meter; 3) managing plant diseases and insect pests and fertilizer and water in a seedling stage; 4) cultivating container seedlings; 5) planting and maintaining the ground cover. The invention enlarges the greening application range of the arbor fir, increases the ornamental type of the woody cover plant, can keep evergreen in cold winter in plateau, has low management and protection cost and is convenient to use and popularize.)

1. A method for carrying out ground cover greening by using fir longibracteata in cold areas in plateaus is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) seed collection: selecting plants with excellent growth vigor, no plant diseases and insect pests and beautiful crown shapes as mother plants for collecting seeds, wherein the seed collection is completed before 11 months and before the seeds fall off; collecting plump cones, spreading and airing, removing impurities and unsaturated seeds, and storing the seeds in a dry and ventilated place;

2) seed disinfection: before sowing in spring, soaking seeds in 0.3-0.5% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection for 20 minutes, then washing with water, soaking for 12 hours, and then slightly drying the seeds for later use;

3) seeding with a seedling bed: the seedling culture substrate is laterite: the humus soil is mixed according to the volume ratio of 1: 2; uniformly mixing the crushed fine humus soil and seeds during sowing, then uniformly sowing, slightly pressing, and covering soil, wherein the soil covering matrix is consistent with the seedling culture matrix;

4) and (3) pest and disease management in the seedling stage: after sowing, keeping the seedling bed moist, and spraying water in time to avoid drying; preventing damping-off disease; if underground pests such as grubs, cutworms and the like appear in the seedling stage, the pesticide can be prevented and controlled by pouring 1000-time liquid of 50 percent phoxim missible oil;

5) and (3) fertilizer and water management in the seedling stage: spraying a foliar fertilizer at the early growth stage of the seedlings, and alternately spraying 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate and 0.2 percent of urea at the time interval of 10 days; after the stems of the seedlings are lignified, applying 60 jin per mu by using a compound fertilizer (15-15-15) for 2 times in one year;

6) and (3) cultivating container seedlings: transplanting seedlings of 1 age into the degradable nutrient bags in spring of the next year, wherein soil can be utilized according to local conditions, and a proper amount of organic fertilizer is added; appropriate shading is given in the early stage of transplanting, and the shading net can be removed in 1 month;

7) planting and maintaining the ground cover: the 2-3 year old nutrition bag seedlings can be used for ground cover greening, and 6-9 months coming from a rainy season in cold plateau areas is the optimal planting time; setting the plant row spacing to 10 cm multiplied by 10 cm for field planting, and keeping the integrity of soil balls without damaging the root system of the plants during the field planting; watering thoroughly immediately after transplanting, and applying appropriate fertilizer in summer with vigorous growth;

and (4) properly trimming according to the requirements of ground greening.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the characteristic that the tree species of the alpine big arbors grow slowly and are cold-resistant is utilized as the ground cover greening plants.

3. Method step 3) according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the seedling raising bed is used for seeding, the thickness of covering soil is 1-1.5 cm, and the seeding quantity of seeds is controlled to 2000-2500 grains per square meter.

4. Method step 4) according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the seedling stage pest management, after seedlings come out of the soil, 500 times of carbendazim 50% wettable powder, 500 times of thiophanate methyl 70% wettable powder and 600 times of sodium diquat 70% soluble powder are sprayed alternately, the interval period is 7 days, and after the stems of the seedlings are lignified, the frequency is reduced to 1 month and the seedlings are sprayed for 1 time.

5. Method step 6) according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the container seedlings are cultivated, the degradable nutrition bag seedlings are in the specification of 6 cm in radius and 15 cm in height.

6. Method step 7) according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the ground is greened and planted, pruning can be carried out according to the greening requirement; since the long bud fir grows very slowly and the growth height does not exceed 50 cm within 5 years, the trimming times are much less or even can be omitted relative to other plants.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of gardening ground cover greening. In particular to a method for greening ground cover in cold plateau areas by using fir grown bud.

Background

Fir (long bud) (Abies georgeiHand. -Mazz.) is a tree, which can be as long as 30 m in height and 1 m in diameter at breast height; the small branches are densely covered with brown or rusty brown hair, the annual branches are reddish brown or brown, and the two-year or three-year-old branches are brown or dark brown; the winter bud is provided with resin. The leaves at the lower part of the small branch are arranged in two rows, the leaves at the upper part extend obliquely upwards and are strip-shaped, the lower part is slightly narrow, straight or slightly bent, the length is 1.5-2.5 cm, the width is 2-3.5 mm, the edge is slightly rolled backwards, the front end is provided with a notch, a thin tip or a blunt end, the upper surface is green and glossy, and the lower surface is provided with 2 white porous belts; the cross section has 2 resin channels, a layer of subcutaneous cells arranged continuously from the upper to the lower edges, and a layer in the middle of the lower part. The cone is oval cylindrical, the top end is round, the base part is slightly wide, no peduncle exists, the length is 7-11 cm, the diameter is 4-5.5 cm, and the cone is black when cooked; the middle part of the flower is a scaly quadrangle, the length of the flower is 1.9-2.1 cm, the width of the flower is 1.8-2.3 cm, the upper wide circle is thicker, the edge of the flower is curved inwards, the middle part of the flower is wedge-shaped, ears are arranged on two sides of the lower part of the flower, and the base part of the flower is narrow to form a short handle; the bud scale is narrow and long, is obviously exposed, is 2.3-3 cm long, is 4-5 mm wide, the upper part of the part which is not exposed is wider, is gradually narrowed downwards, or is slightly equal in width to the upper part and the lower part, is narrower in the middle part, and is triangular and straight-extending at the exposed part, the edge of the part is provided with a thin edentulous tooth, and the tip of the part is provided with a long tip which is about 6 mm long, and is straight-extending or slightly reversely bent; the seeds are oblong, 1-1.2 cm long, brown in seed wing, short and wide, and the length of the seeds is 1.7-1.9 cm. The flowering period is 5 months, and the cones are ripe in 10 months.

The plateau area has high altitude and large day and night temperature difference, most species of landscaping tree species cannot adapt to the growing environment of the plateau area, and the urban landscaping construction in cold plateau areas is difficult and deficient in diversity.

The fir longibracteata as a woody ground cover plant for landscaping can partially replace a lawn, exerts the ecological and gardening ornamental functions of grass seeds and has great popularization value. Compared with the characteristic that the lawn withers in winter in cold areas on plateaus, the lawn can keep evergreen in cold winter on plateaus. The advantages are obvious: cold resistance, drought resistance, barren resistance and strong shade resistance; the plant diseases and insect pests are less, and the management is easy; the leaves are emerald and bright; the seed propagation is easy, and the germination rate is high; the seed resource quantity is abundant and is easy to obtain. At present, no report that the fir is greened as the ground is seen, and a corresponding application technology is lacked. By developing corresponding breeding and cultivation research and ground cover greening effect evaluation, a method which utilizes fir longibract as a wood local cover greening material and is applied to cold plateau areas is developed for the first time.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to enrich the diversity of landscaping tree species, expand the application range of arbor type native greening tree species, reduce the investment of planting, pruning, pest control and the like of ground cover greening, the invention provides a method for greening ground cover by using fir grown in cold areas in plateau.

The invention provides a method for greening ground cover by using fir longibracteata in cold plateau areas, which comprises the following steps:

(1) seed collection: plants with excellent growth vigor, no plant diseases and insect pests and beautiful crown shapes are selected as mother plants for seed collection, and fruit collection is completed before 11 months and before seeds fall off. Collecting plump cones, spreading and airing, removing impurities and unsaturated seeds, and storing the seeds in a dry and ventilated place;

(2) seed disinfection: before sowing in spring, soaking seeds in 0.3-0.5% potassium permanganate solution for disinfection for 20 minutes, then washing with water, soaking for 12 hours, and then slightly drying the seeds for later use;

(3) seeding with a seedling bed: the seedling raising substrate is formed by mixing laterite and humus in a volume ratio of 1: 2. Uniformly mixing the crushed fine humus soil and seeds during sowing, then uniformly sowing, slightly pressing, and covering soil, wherein the soil covering matrix is consistent with the seedling culture matrix;

(4) and (3) pest and disease management in the seedling stage: after sowing, the seedling bed is kept moist, and water is sprayed in time to avoid drying. Damping-off prevention is well done, and if underground pests such as grubs, cutworms and the like appear in the seedling stage, the damping-off can be prevented and controlled by pouring 1000 times of 50 percent phoxim emulsifiable solution;

(5) and (3) fertilizer and water management in the seedling stage: spraying foliar fertilizer at the early growth stage of seedlings, and alternately spraying 0.2 percent of monopotassium phosphate and 0.2 percent of urea at the time interval of 10 days. After the stems of the seedlings are lignified, applying 60 jin per mu by using a compound fertilizer (15-15-15) for 2 times in one year;

(6) and (3) cultivating container seedlings: transplanting the seedlings of 1 age into the degradable nutrient bags in spring of the next year, wherein the soil can be utilized according to local conditions, and a proper amount of organic fertilizer is added. Appropriate shading is given in the early stage of transplanting, and the shading net can be removed in 1 month;

(7) planting and maintaining the ground cover: the 2-3 year old nutrition bag seedlings can be used for ground cover greening, and the optimal planting time is 5-9 months when a rainy season comes in cold plateau areas. Watering of the nutrition bag seedlings is stopped 5 days before transplantation. The planting is carried out according to the configuration of the row spacing of the plants being 10 cm multiplied by 10 cm, the root systems of the plants are not damaged during the planting, and the integrity of the soil balls is kept. Watering thoroughly immediately after transplanting, and applying appropriate fertilizer in summer with vigorous growth. Properly trimming according to the requirements of ground cover greening;

the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

1. the method of the invention achieves the effect that the green land can keep green landscape in cold winter;

2. the long bud fir selected by the invention has the advantages that the seeds are easy to obtain and the germination rate is high, so that the seedling cost is reduced;

3. the fir is a tall tree in high-altitude areas and grows very slowly, and by utilizing the characteristic, frequent pruning is avoided, the stability of green landscape is good, and the manual management and maintenance cost is low;

4. the method has the advantages of low greening cost, simple and convenient operation, extensive management and low cost, and is beneficial to popularization and application.

Detailed Description

In order to better explain the invention, the following examples are given, but the content of the invention is not limited thereto, and each example is a conventional method without specific description.