阅读说明：本技术 充电系统 (Charging system ) 是由 J.卡普泰因 于 2018-07-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种充电系统,所述充电系统配置用于提供电能以便利用充电电流I<Sub>c</Sub>对电动交通工具(3)的电池(11)进行充电,所述充电系统包括：过电流保护装置(7),其特征在于关断过电流保护装置(7)的断路电流I<Sub>b</Sub>；电控开关(8),其特征在于切换最大开关电流I<Sub>max</Sub>；以及控制装置(7),所述控制装置(7)与至少电控开关(8)进行电连接,由此电控开关(8)和过电流保护装置(7)串联连接,并且布置在充电电流I<Sub>c</Sub>的电流路径中,以及控制装置(7)配置用于在充电电流I<Sub>c</Sub>已经超过标称电流I<Sub>N</Sub>之后或者在过电流保护装置(7)因充电电流已经超过断路电流I<Sub>b</Sub>而已经关断之后的时间t>0来关断电控开关(8)。(The invention relates to a charging system configured to provide electrical energy for utilizing a charging current I c Charging a battery (11) of an electric vehicle (3), the charging system comprising: overcurrent protection device (7), characterized in that the breaking current I of the overcurrent protection device (7) is switched off b (ii) a An electrically controlled switch (8) characterized in that the maximum switching current I is switched max (ii) a And a control device (7), said control device (7) being electrically connected to at least the electrically controlled switch (8), whereby the electrically controlled switch (8) and the overcurrent protection device (7) are connected in series and arranged at the charging current I c And the control device (7) is configured to control the charging current I c Has exceeded the nominal current I N After or after the overcurrent protection device (7) has exceeded the switching-off current I due to the charging current b And a time t after having been switched off>0 to turn off the electrically controlled switch (8).)

1. A charging system configured to provide electrical energy to utilize a charging current I_cCharging a battery (11) of an electric vehicle (3), whereby the charging system is characterized by a nominal current I_NThe charging system comprises

Overcurrent protection device (7), characterized in that the breaking current I of the overcurrent protection device (7) is switched off_bFrom this I_b≥I_N，

An electrically controlled switch (8) characterized in that the maximum switching current I is switched_maxAnd an

A control device (7), said control device (7) being electrically connected to at least said electrically controlled switch (8), whereby

The electrically controlled switch (8) and the overcurrent protection device (7) are connected in series and are arranged at the charging current I_cIn the current path of (A), and

the control device (7) is configured to control the charging current I_cHas exceeded said nominal current I_NAfter or in the overcurrent protection device (7) due to the charging current I_cHas exceeded the breaking current I_bAnd a time t after having been switched off>0 to turn off the electrically controlled switch (8).

2. Charging system according to the preceding claim, whereby the control device (7) is configured for measuring the charging current I_cAnd for applying a charging current I to said charging current_cHas exceeded said nominal current I_NOr the circuit breaking circuitStream I_bAnd the electric control switch (8) is turned off.

3. The charging system according to any of the preceding claims, whereby the overcurrent protection device (7) is characterized by an energy I allowed to pass²t, and the time t is the energy allowed to pass I²t is divided by the breaking current I_bT = I²t/I_b ²。

4. The charging system according to any of the preceding claims, comprising the electric vehicle (3) and a charging device (6) configured for charging the electric vehicle (3), whereby the electric vehicle (3) and/or the charging device (6) comprises the overcurrent protection device (7) and the charging device (6) comprises the electrically controlled switch (8) and the control device (7).

5. The charging system according to any of the preceding claims, whereby the electrically controlled switch (8) and the overcurrent protection device (7) are connected in series between the electric vehicle (3) and the charging device (6).

6. The charging system of any one of the preceding claims, comprising an electrical cable (10), the electrical cable (10) being configured for electrically connecting the electric vehicle (3) and the charging device (6) to conduct the charging current I_c。

7. A charging system according to any of the preceding claims, whereby the electrically controlled switch (8) is provided as a contactor.

8. The charging system according to any of the preceding claims, whereby the overcurrent protection device (7) is provided as a fuse or as a circuit breaker, and/or the overcurrent protection device (7) is characterized by a current time diagram, whereby the time t corresponds to the breaking current I_b。

9. The charging system of any one of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of power converters (1), the plurality of power converters (1) being configured for converting electrical energy from a power source (2), such as an electrical power grid, into a suitable format for charging the electric vehicle (3).

10. The charging system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of power converters (1) each have an AC side (4) configured for connection to the power source (2) and a DC side (5) configured for providing electrical energy to the battery (11) of the electric vehicle (3), whereby the overcurrent protection device (7) is arranged on the AC side (4) and/or on the DC side (5) of the plurality of power converters (1).

11. The charging system according to any of the preceding claims, whereby the overcurrent protection device (7), the electrically controlled switch (8) and/or the control device (7) comprise a communication device (14), the communication device (14) being configured for exchanging and breaking a current I with at least the electric vehicle (3)_bMaximum switching current I_maxLet through energy I²t, charging current I_cAnd/or information about time t.

12. The charging system of any one of the preceding claims, comprising a plurality of charging ports (12), the plurality of charging ports (12) each comprising an interface (13) for energy exchange with at least one electric vehicle (13).

13. The charging system of any one of the preceding claims, whereby the maximum switching current I_maxGreater than the breaking current I_b。

14. For using charging current I_cFor protecting an electrically controlled switch (8) during charging of a battery (11) of an electric vehicle (3)Method whereby said charging system is characterized by a nominal current I_NThe charging system comprises

Overcurrent protection device (7), characterized in that the breaking current I of the overcurrent protection device (7) is switched off_bFrom this I_b≥I_NAnd an

The electrically controlled switch (8) is characterized by switching the maximum switch current I_maxWhereby

The electrically controlled switch (8) and the overcurrent protection device (7) are connected in series and are arranged at the charging current I_cIn the current path, the method comprising the steps of:

detecting the charging current I_cWhether or not the nominal current I has been exceeded_NOr whether the over-current protection device is caused by the charging current I_cHas exceeded the breaking current I_bHas been turned off, and

in this case, at the charging current I_cHas exceeded said nominal current I_NAfter or at a time t after the overcurrent protection device (7) has been switched off>0 to turn off the electrically controlled switch (8).

15. Method according to the preceding method claim, whereby the overcurrent protection device (7) is characterized by an energy I allowed to pass²t, and the time t is the energy allowed to pass I²t is divided by the breaking current I_bT = I²t/I_b ²。

Technical Field

The invention relates to a charging system configured to provide electrical energy for utilizing a charging current I_cCharging a battery of an electric vehicle, the charging system comprising an overcurrent protection device characterized by switching off an interruption current I of the overcurrent protection device_b。

Background

Charging systems for providing electrical energy for charging a battery of an electric vehicle are known in the art. The charging system is typically connected on an AC side with a power source such as an AC grid and comprises a plurality of charging ports on a DC side providing a charging current. Each charging port includes an interface for energy exchange between the charging system and the electric vehicle via a cable. This cable, as well as other cables provided in the charging system, are typically protected by fuses on the battery side, e.g. provided as fuses on the DC side of the charging system and/or as fuses on the AC side of the charging system, and by a limited current on the charger side. If a short circuit occurs while charging the electric vehicle, a fuse in the electric vehicle will open when the short circuit current is large enough. Since fuses in electric vehicles are difficult to access, replacing a disconnected fuse is laborious and costly.

In fact, the energy allowed to pass through the fuse is often chosen to be high compared to the expected charging current required to charge the electric vehicle, for example 12 MA²And s. When an overcurrent occurs, for example, by a weak short circuit or a malfunction of the charger system, the overcurrent can be detected and the charging should be interrupted by an electrically controlled switch arranged in the charging path of the charging current. However, electrically controlled switches have limited turn-off capability. If the disconnect capacity is exceeded, electricity can be destroyedAnd a control switch. Replacing a damaged electrically controlled switch is much more expensive than replacing an open fuse.

Disclosure of Invention

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a system and method for protecting an electrically controlled switch of a charging system for providing electrical energy for charging a battery of an electric vehicle.

The object of the invention is solved by the features of the independent claims. Preferred embodiments are described in the dependent claims.

This object is therefore solved by a charging system configured for providing electrical energy for utilizing a charging current I_cCharging a battery of an electric vehicle, whereby the charging system is characterized by a nominal current I_NThe charging system includes: overcurrent protection device, characterized in that the breaking current I of the overcurrent protection device is turned off_bFrom this I_b≥I_N(ii) a An electrically controlled switch, characterized in that the maximum switching current I is switched_max(ii) a And a control device electrically connected to at least the electrically controlled switch, whereby the electrically controlled switch and the overcurrent protection device are connected in series and arranged at the charging current I_cIn the current path of (1), and the control device is configured to control the charging current I_cHas exceeded the nominal current I_NAfter or in the overcurrent protection device by the charging current I_cHas exceeded the breaking current I_bAnd time t after turn-off>0 to turn off the electrically controlled switch.

The gist of the invention is therefore to provide that if the overcurrent is greater than the nominal current I_NThe overcurrent protection means is switched off, for example, the overcurrent resulting from a malfunction, and thereafter, once the overcurrent protection means has been switched off, a time t is first waited for>0 and then the electrically controlled switch is turned off again. If the overcurrent protection device is at time t = I²t/I_b ²If it is not turned off, the fault current is lower than I_maxAnd the electrically controlled switch is capable of interrupting the charging current I_c. The breaking capacity of the overcurrent protection is therefore selected to be higher than that of the electrically controlled switch. According to whichIn this way it is ensured that the opening capacity of the electrically controlled switch is never exceeded, i.e. that the electrically controlled switch cannot be destroyed by an overcurrent. In other words, in order to prevent the electrically controlled switch from blowing, the idea is to wait for the electrically controlled switch to open after the overcurrent protection means has blown, i.e. to open the electrically controlled switch at a time t after the overcurrent protection means has blown. In this way, the electrically controlled switch is protected from damage occurring by over-currents. The term over-current may relate to over-current, short circuit, fault and/or malfunction of the charging system and devices connected thereto (e.g. electric vehicles, cables connecting the charging system and the electric vehicle, power grid, etc.).

Electric vehicles (abbreviated as EVs and also referred to as electrically driven vehicles or electric vehicles) use one or more electric motors or traction motors for propulsion. EVs may include road and rail vehicles, surface and underwater vessels, electric aircraft, and electric spacecraft. The terms open or off and/or closed or on indicate that the electrical connection is interrupted and/or established, for example by means of an overcurrent protection device or an electrically controlled switch. Term maximum switching current I_maxBy maximum current that can be switched by the electrically controlled switch in the event of damage or damage to the electrically controlled switch is to be understood, for example, by the designed load current per contact of the electrically controlled switch. Open circuit current I_bTo be understood as the current that causes the overcurrent protection device to turn off. The battery is preferably provided as a DC battery.

According to a preferred embodiment, the control device is configured to measure the charging current I_cAnd for applying a charging current I_cHas exceeded the nominal current I_NOr the breaking current I_bThe electrically controlled switch is turned off. Preferably, the control device comprises an ammeter arranged in the current path for measuring the charging current I_c. It is possible to measure the charging current I in the electric vehicle directly at the battery of the electric vehicle, for example at the cable connecting the electric vehicle with a charging device provided in the charging system_c. The electrically controlled switch can be switched off, for example, by sending a switching signal from the control device to the electrically controlled switch.

According to another preferred embodiment, the overcurrent protection means are characterized by an energy I allowed to pass through²t, and time t is the energy allowed to pass I²t divided by the breaking current I_bT = I²t/I_b ². Thus, for example, if I²t is equal to 120kA²s and an open circuit current I_bEqual to 200A, time t is 3 seconds. Energy I allowed to pass through²t (i.e., ampere-seconds) is generally understood to be an expression relating to circuit energy due to current flow. With regard to the overcurrent protection device and/or the circuit breaker, it is preferred to express the energy I allowed to pass for the current flow between the start of the fault current and the clearing of the overcurrent protection device and/or the circuit breaker²t. Waiting said time t = I for protecting the electronically controlled switch from damage due to overcurrent²t/I_b ²Has proven to be very advantageous.

According to another preferred embodiment, the charging system comprises an electric vehicle and a charging device configured for charging the electric vehicle, whereby the electric vehicle and/or the charging device comprises an overcurrent protection device and the charging device comprises an electrically controlled switch and a control device. The charging means is preferably provided as a DC charger with a fast charging capability of, for example, 50 kW DC, thus allowing a typical charging of 30 to 80% within 15 minutes at an output voltage of 200-500V (Combo-1) at 125A or 50-500V (CHAdeMO) at 120A, and/or may meet the EN61851-23/DIN 70121 Combo-1 and/or CHAdeMO 1.0 DC connection standards for the charging port.

According to another preferred embodiment, the electrically controlled switch and the overcurrent protection device are connected in series between the electric vehicle and the charging device. Preferably, the electrically controlled switch and the overcurrent protection means are provided within a housing of the charging device.

According to another preferred embodiment, the charging system comprises a cable configured for electrically connecting the electric vehicle and the charging device to conduct the charging current I_c. The cable may include a connector for connecting to an electric vehicle toAnd an interface of a charging port of the charging device.

According to another preferred embodiment, the electrically controlled switch is provided as a contactor. Contactors are electrically controlled switches used to switch electrical power circuits and are typically controlled by a circuit having a lower power level than the switching circuit.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the overcurrent protection means are provided as a fuse or as a circuit breaker, and/or the overcurrent protection means are characterized by a current-time diagram, whereby the time t corresponds to the breaking current I_b. Circuit breakers are automatically operated electrical switches designed to protect the circuit formed by a charging system from damage caused by over-currents or overloads or short circuits. Once charging current I_cHas exceeded the nominal current I_NOr the breaking current I_bThe circuit breaker interrupts and/or switches off the charging current I after a fault has been detected by a protective relay of the circuit breaker_cThe current path of (1). Fuses operate in a similar manner, but include a metal wire or strip that melts when an excessive current flows therethrough, thereby interrupting the charging current I_cThe current path of (1).

According to another preferred embodiment, the charging system comprises a plurality of power converters configured to convert electrical energy from a power source, such as an electrical power grid, into a suitable format for charging the electric vehicle. According to another preferred embodiment, the plurality of power converters each have an AC side configured for connection to a power source and a DC side configured for providing electrical energy to a battery of the electric vehicle, whereby the overcurrent protection device is arranged on the AC side and/or on the DC side of the plurality of power converters. The power converter is preferably configured for converting AC power from a power source connected to the AC side into a suitable DC format for charging the electric vehicle at the DC side.

According to another preferred embodiment, the overcurrent protection means, the electrically controlled switch and/or the control means comprise communication means configured for communication with at least electricitySwitching and breaking current I for moving vehicles_bMaximum switching current I_maxLet through energy I²t, charging current I_cAnd/or information about time t. Preferably, such a control device is installed at each of the overcurrent protection device, the electrically controlled switch, the control device and the electric vehicle, thereby allowing easy exchange of the information.

According to another preferred embodiment, the charging system comprises a plurality of charging ports each comprising an interface for energy exchange with at least one electric vehicle. The charging port (also referred to as a power outlet) may include a JARI Level 3 DC connector as the interface. According to a further preferred embodiment, the maximum switching current I_maxGreater than the breaking current I_b。

The object of the invention is also achieved by a method for utilizing a charging current I_cThe method for protecting an electrically controlled switch during charging of a battery of an electric vehicle is solved in that the charging system is characterized by a nominal current I_NThe charging system includes: overcurrent protection device, characterized in that the breaking current I of the overcurrent protection device is turned off_bFrom this I_b≥I_N(ii) a And an electrically controlled switch, characterized in that the maximum switching current I is switched_maxWhereby the electrically controlled switch and the overcurrent protection means are connected in series and arranged at the charging current I_cIn the current path, the method comprising the steps of:

detecting the charging current I_cWhether or not the nominal current I has been exceeded_NOr whether the overcurrent protection device is caused by the charging current I_cHas exceeded the breaking current I_bHas been turned off, and

in this case, at the charging current I_cHas exceeded the nominal current I_NAfter or after the overcurrent protection device has been switched off at time t>0 to turn off the electrically controlled switch.

The gist of the method is therefore to open the electrically controlled switch by waiting for the overcurrent protection means to switch off due to an overcurrent and thereafter at a time t after the overcurrent protection means has switched offTo protect the electronically controlled switch from damage or destruction by over-currents. If the charging current I_cExceeding the nominal current I_NAn overcurrent occurs, thereby turning off the overcurrent protection device.

According to a further preferred embodiment, the overcurrent protection means are characterized by an energy I allowed to pass through²t, and time t is the energy allowed to pass I²t divided by the breaking current I_bT = I²t/I_b ²。

Further embodiments and advantages of the method are directly and unequivocally derived from the above-described system by a person skilled in the art.

Drawings

These and other aspects of the invention are apparent from and will be elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter.

In the drawings:

fig. 1 shows in schematic form a charging system according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows in schematic form a charging system according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, comprising a plurality of power converters 1, i.e. three power converters 1, each of the plurality of power converters 1 being configured for converting electrical energy from a power source 2, such as an electrical power grid, into a suitable format for charging an electric vehicle 3.

Each power converter 1 comprises an AC side 4 connected to a power source 2 and a DC side 5 connected to a charging device 6. Although fig. 1 shows only one charging device 6, multiple charging devices 6 can be present and connected to one or more of the power converters 1. As shown in the figure, the charging device 6 is electrically connected to two power converters 1. The term connected is to be understood as electrically connected.

The charging device 6 comprises an overcurrent protection device 7, an electrically controlled switch 8 and a control device 9. An overcurrent protection device 7 and an electronically controlled switch 8 are arranged in series between the power converter 1 connected to the charging device 6 and the DC cable 10, the DC cable 10 connects the DC battery 11 of the electric vehicle 3 with the charging device 6 for conducting the charging current I_c. In this way, the overcurrent protection 7 and the electronically controlled switch 8 are arranged at the charging current I_cIn the current path of (2). A possible source of overcurrent is the battery of the electric vehicle 3.

The charging device 6 further comprises a plurality of charging ports 12 for connecting the DC cables 10, whereby each charging port 11 comprises an interface 13, such as a socket. The current rating of the charging device 6 is less than or equal to the current rating of the charging port 12 and/or the interface 13. In alternative embodiments not shown, the overcurrent protection means 7 can be arranged on the AC side 4, or a plurality of overcurrent protection means 7 can be arranged both on the AC side 4 and on the DC side 5.

The overcurrent protection means 7 are provided as a fuse or as a circuit breaker and are characterized by a breaking current I_bAnd energy allowed to pass through I²t. If the charging current I_cExceeding the breaking current I_bThe overcurrent protection device 7 is switched off, i.e. "blown", and thus interrupts the charging of the electric vehicle 3. The electrically controlled switch 8 is provided as a contactor and is characterized by a current greater than the breaking current I_bMaximum switching current I_max。

The control device 9 is electrically connected with the overcurrent protection device 7 and the electric control switch 8. In this way, the overcurrent protection device 7, the electronically controlled switch 8, the electric vehicle 3 and the control device 9 each comprise a communication device 14, said communication device 14 being configured for exchanging a breaking current I explained below with_bMaximum switching current I_maxLet through energy I²t, charging current I_cInformation about time t.

If the charging current I_cExceeding the breaking current I_bThe overcurrent protection means 7 is first switched off. The control means 9 are configured to switch off the overcurrent protection means 7 or to switch on the charging current I_cHas exceeded the nominal current I of the charging system and/or charging device 6_NAfter a time t>0 to turn off the electrically controlled switch 8. Thus, the control deviceThe device 9 is configured to measure the charging current I_c. The time t is calculated by the control device 9 as the energy I allowed to pass through by the overcurrent protection device 7²t divided by the breaking current I_bIs calculated as t = I²t/I_b ²。

Thus, in order to prevent the electrically controlled switch 8 from blowing out due to an overcurrent or malfunction, the control means 9 firstly "waits" until the overcurrent protection means 7 are switched off, and secondly opens and/or closes the electrically controlled switch 8 at a time span t thereafter. For example, in I²t=120 kA²s and I_bIn the case of = 200A, the time t is 3 seconds. Thus, in the case of the present example, if an overcurrent has occurred, for example, if the charging current I_cHas exceeded the breaking current I_bThe overcurrent protection device 7 is turned off and thus the charging of the electric vehicle is interrupted. 3 seconds thereafter, the control device 9 switches off the electrically controlled switch 8. Thereby, the electrically controlled switch 8 is protected from being turned off by the overcurrent.

While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive; the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage. Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the scope.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

1 power converter

2 power source

3 electric vehicle

4 AC side

5 DC side

6 charging device

7 overcurrent protection device

8 electric control switch

9 control device

10 electric cable

11 cell

12 charging port

13 interface

14 communication means.