阅读说明：本技术 机床及感测方法 (Machine tool and sensing method ) 是由 井上惇 村松正博 野口贤次 风张晃一 于 2020-03-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：机床(1)的特征在于,具有：正面主轴(10),其具有正面卡盘(12)；背面主轴(20),其具有背面卡盘(22)；控制部(50),其使背面卡盘(22)进行将已紧固在正面卡盘(12)的工件(W)紧固在背面卡盘(22)的紧固动作；感测部(60),其基于与正面卡盘(12)和背面卡盘(22)的至少一者的振动相关的测量数据,感测伴随背面卡盘(22)的紧固动作的异常。(A machine tool (1) is characterized by comprising: a front spindle (10) having a front chuck (12); a back spindle (20) having a back chuck (22); a control unit (50) that causes the back chuck (22) to perform a tightening operation for tightening the back chuck (22) with the workpiece (W) that has been tightened to the front chuck (12); and a sensing unit (60) that senses an abnormality associated with the tightening operation of the back chuck (22) on the basis of measurement data relating to the vibration of at least one of the front chuck (12) and the back chuck (22).)

1. A machine tool, comprising:

a first spindle having a first chuck;

a second spindle having a second chuck;

a control unit that causes the second chuck to perform a tightening operation for tightening the second chuck with a workpiece that has been tightened by the first chuck; and

a sensing portion that senses an abnormality accompanying a tightening action of the second chuck based on measurement data relating to vibration of at least one of the first chuck and the second chuck.

2. The machine tool of claim 1,

the measurement data includes: data measured after the second chuck is brought into contact with the workpiece and before the tool is brought into contact with the workpiece after the second chuck is fastened.

3. Machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, having,

a vibration sensor that acquires the measurement data.

4. The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3,

the control unit causes the second chuck to perform the tightening operation while synchronously rotating the first spindle and the second spindle, and continuously machines the workpiece at least when the sensing unit does not sense the abnormality.

5. A sensing method, comprising:

a fastening step of causing a second chuck to perform a fastening operation of fastening a workpiece fastened to a first chuck of a first spindle to the second chuck of a second spindle; and

a sensing step of sensing an abnormality accompanying a fastening action of the second chuck based on measurement data related to vibration of at least one of the first chuck and the second chuck.

6. The sensing method according to claim 5, having,

a machining step of machining a workpiece after the fastening operation of the second chuck,

in the tightening step, the second chuck is caused to perform the tightening operation in a state where the first spindle and the second spindle are synchronously rotated,

in the machining step, machining of the workpiece is continuously performed at least in a case where the abnormality is not sensed in the sensing step.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a machine tool and a sensing method.

Background

There is known a machine tool such as a CNC lathe that machines a workpiece with a tool (see, for example, patent documents 1 to 2).

Documents of the prior art

Patent document

Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2007-326206;

patent document 2: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2019-30954.

Disclosure of Invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

Such a machine tool may include: a first spindle having a first chuck; a second spindle having a second chuck. Further, there may be a case where: the first chuck performs a first fastening operation for fastening a workpiece, and then the second chuck performs a second fastening operation for fastening a workpiece, and thereafter the workpiece is cut to produce a product. In this case, when there is an abnormality such as chip jamming in the second fastening operation, there is a high possibility that the machining accuracy of the product is adversely affected.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a machine tool and a sensing method capable of effectively sensing an abnormality associated with a fastening operation of fastening a workpiece fastened to a first chuck to a second chuck.

Means for solving the problems

The machine tool of the present invention is characterized by comprising: a first spindle having a first chuck; a second spindle having a second chuck; a control unit that causes the second chuck to perform a tightening operation for tightening the second chuck with a workpiece that has been tightened by the first chuck; a sensing portion that senses an abnormality accompanying a tightening action of the second chuck based on measurement data relating to vibration of at least one of the first chuck and the second chuck.

In the above configuration of the machine tool according to the present invention, it is preferable that the measurement data include: data measured after the second chuck is brought into contact with the workpiece and before the tool is brought into contact with the workpiece after the second chuck is fastened.

In the above configuration, the machine tool of the present invention preferably includes a vibration sensor that acquires the measurement data.

In the above configuration of the machine tool according to the present invention, it is preferable that the control unit causes the second chuck to perform the tightening operation while synchronously rotating the first spindle and the second spindle, and that the control unit continuously performs the machining of the workpiece at least when the sensing unit does not sense the abnormality.

The sensing method of the present invention is characterized by comprising: a fastening step of causing a second chuck to perform a fastening operation of fastening a workpiece fastened to a first chuck of a first spindle to the second chuck of a second spindle; a sensing step of sensing an abnormality accompanying a fastening action of the second chuck based on measurement data related to vibration of at least one of the first chuck and the second chuck.

In the above configuration, the sensing method of the present invention preferably includes a processing step of processing the workpiece after the tightening operation of the second chuck, wherein in the tightening step, the second chuck is caused to perform the tightening operation while the first spindle and the second spindle are synchronously rotated, and in the processing step, the processing of the workpiece is continuously performed at least when the abnormality is not sensed in the sensing step.

Effects of the invention

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a machine tool and a sensing method capable of effectively sensing an abnormality accompanying a tightening operation of a workpiece, which is tightened to a first chuck, to a second chuck.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a diagram showing an example of measurement data relating to vibration of the second chuck in a case where there is no abnormality accompanying the tightening operation of the second chuck.

Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an example of measurement data relating to vibration of the second chuck in a case where there is an abnormality associated with the tightening operation of the second chuck.

Fig. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the distribution of index values in the case where there is or does not exist an abnormality associated with the fastening operation of the second chuck.

FIG. 5 is a flow chart illustrating a sensing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Hereinafter, a machine tool and a sensing method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

A machine tool 1 shown in fig. 1 is an automatic lathe (CNC lathe) that machines a long bar material as a workpiece (workpiece) W, and includes a front main spindle 10 as a first main spindle and a rear main spindle 20 as a second main spindle.

The front spindle 10 and the rear spindle 20 are disposed to face each other such that the axis of the front spindle 10 is parallel to the axis of the rear spindle 20. Hereinafter, a direction parallel to the axes of the front spindle 10 and the back spindle 20 is referred to as a Z-axis direction, a direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction is referred to as an X-axis direction, and a direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction and the X-axis direction is referred to as a Y-axis direction.

The base 2 is provided with a front headstock 11 which is movable in the Z-axis direction by a front-side moving mechanism 3 such as a rail mechanism. The front spindle 10 holds a workpiece W, is rotatably supported by a front headstock 11, and is rotationally driven by a spindle motor. As the spindle motor, for example, a built-in motor configured between the front headstock 11 and the front spindle 10 inside the front headstock 11 can be used.

The base 2 is provided with a back headstock 21 which is movable in the Z-axis direction by a back-side moving mechanism 4 such as a rail mechanism. The back spindle 20 holds a workpiece W, is rotatably supported by a back headstock 21, and is rotationally driven by a spindle motor. As the spindle motor, for example, a built-in motor configured between the rear headstock 21 and the rear spindle 20 inside the rear headstock 21 can be used.

An X-axis moving mechanism for moving the front spindle 10 relative to the rear spindle 20 in the X-axis direction is provided between the base 2 and the front headstock 11 or between the base 2 and the rear headstock 21. Further, a Y-axis moving mechanism for moving the front spindle 10 relative to the rear spindle 20 in the Y-axis direction is provided between the base 2 and the front headstock 11 or between the base 2 and the rear headstock 21.

A front chuck 12 as a first chuck is provided to be freely opened and closed at a tip end of the front spindle 10. The front chuck 12 is accommodated inside the chuck sleeve 13. When the chuck sleeve 13 slides toward the tip end side of the front spindle 10, the tapered surface of the front chuck 12 is pressed by the tapered surface of the chuck sleeve 13, and the front chuck 12 is closed. Conversely, when the chuck sleeve 13 slides toward the base end side of the front spindle 10, the pressing of the tapered surface of the chuck sleeve 13 against the tapered surface of the front chuck 12 is released, and the front chuck 12 is opened. The workpiece W is fastened to the face chuck 12 by inserting the workpiece W in a state where the face chuck 12 is opened and closing the face chuck 12. The front spindle 10 can grip the workpiece W by fastening the workpiece W to the front chuck 12 in this manner.

A rear chuck 22 as a second chuck is provided at the tip of the rear spindle 20 so as to be freely opened and closed. The back chuck 22 is accommodated inside a chuck sleeve 23. When the chuck sleeve 23 slides toward the tip end side of the back spindle 20, the tapered surface of the back chuck 22 is pressed by the tapered surface of the chuck sleeve 23, and the back chuck 22 is closed. On the other hand, when the chuck sleeve 23 slides toward the base end side of the back spindle 20, the pressing of the tapered surface of the chuck sleeve 23 against the tapered surface of the back chuck 22 is released, and the back chuck 22 is opened. The workpiece W is fastened to the back chuck 22 by inserting the workpiece W in a state where the back chuck 22 is opened and closing the back chuck 22. The back spindle 20 can grip the workpiece W by fastening the workpiece W to the back chuck 22 in this manner.

The slide driving mechanism of the chuck sleeves 13 and 23 is not limited to the present invention, and various slide driving mechanisms can be adopted.

A guide bush 30 is provided between the front spindle 10 and the rear spindle 20. The guide bush 30 is attached to a guide bush support base 31 provided on the base 2, and is disposed coaxially with the front spindle 10. The guide bush 30 is adjusted to an inner diameter corresponding to the outer diameter of the workpiece W by adjusting the position in the axial direction with respect to the guide bush support table 31. The guide bush 30 can guide the workpiece W to move freely in the Z-axis direction.

The machine tool 1 has a first processing portion 40. The first processing portion 40 includes a tool 41 for processing the workpiece W. The tool 41 is held by a tool holder 42. The tool post 42 is supported by the guide bush support table 31 such that the tool 41 is disposed in front of the guide bush 30 and is movable in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. The position of the tool holder 42 in the Z-axis direction is fixed. The tool holder 42 is mounted with, for example, an outer diameter cutting tool, a cutting tool, or the like as the tool 41, and these can be switched as appropriate according to the processing content by moving the tool holder 42 in, for example, the X-axis direction.

Further, the machine tool 1 has a second processing portion 43. The second processing portion 43 includes a tool 44 for processing the back surface of the workpiece W. The tool 44 is held by a tool holder, not shown. The tool rest is supported on the base 2 so as to be movable in, for example, the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the like. As the tool 44, for example, an outer diameter cutting tool, a cutting tool, or the like is mounted on the tool rest, and these tools can be switched as appropriate according to the processing contents by moving the tool rest 42 in, for example, the X-axis direction.

The machine tool 1 has a control unit 50. The control unit 50 may be constituted by a microcomputer having a CPU (central processing unit), a memory (storage device), and the like, for example. The control unit 50 can collectively control operations of the front spindle 10 (including the front headstock 11 and the front chuck 12), the rear spindle 20 (including the rear headstock 21 and the rear chuck 22), the first processing unit 40, and the second processing unit 43.

Here, the control unit 50 has a function of operating the front spindle 10, the back spindle 20, the first processing unit 40, and the second processing unit 43 so that the first processing unit 40 and the second processing unit 43 continuously perform predetermined processing and cutting processing on the workpiece W held by the front chuck 12 and/or the back chuck 22 to obtain a plurality of products.

More specifically, the control unit 50 has the following functions: the workpiece W fastened to the front chuck 12 is subjected to predetermined processing by the first processing portion 40, and thereafter, as shown in fig. 1, the workpiece W fastened to the front chuck 12 is fastened to the back chuck 22, and in this state, the workpiece W is subjected to cutting processing by the first processing portion 40. That is, the control section 50 is configured to cause the back chuck 22 to perform a tightening operation of tightening the workpiece W tightened by the front chuck 12 to the back chuck 22. Here, in the tightening operation of the back chuck 22, the control unit 50 synchronizes the rotation speed of the back spindle 20 with the rotation speed of the front spindle 10 in a state where the workpiece W is rotated by the front spindle 10, and inserts the distal end portion of the workpiece W into the back chuck 22 and tightens the workpiece W to the back chuck 22 in such a state where the rotation speeds are synchronized. That is, the control unit 50 is configured to perform the tightening operation of the back chuck 22 in a state where the front spindle 10 and the back spindle 20 are rotated in synchronization with each other.

Further, the control unit 50 has the following functions: after the workpiece W fastened to the front chuck 12 and the back chuck 22 is cut by the first processing unit 40, the workpiece W fastened to the back chuck 22 is additionally processed by the second processing unit 43 to be manufactured into a product. Further, the control unit 50 may have the following functions: the workpiece W subjected to the cutting process is directly manufactured into a product without performing such additional processing by the second processing portion 43. The machine tool 1 may not have the second processing unit 43.

In the fastening operation of the back chuck 22 as described above, if there is an abnormality such as chip jamming, for example, the accuracy of the cutting process or the additional process may be adversely affected, and the processing accuracy of the product may be adversely affected. Therefore, the machine tool 1 of the present embodiment is provided with the sensing unit 60 that senses an abnormality associated with the tightening operation of the back chuck 22 based on the measurement data relating to the vibration of the back chuck 22.

The sensing portion 60 has: a storage unit 61 that stores measurement data relating to vibration of the back chuck 22; and a determination unit 62 that determines whether or not there is an abnormality associated with the tightening operation of the back chuck 22 based on the measurement data stored in the storage unit 61. Further, the machine tool 1 includes: a vibration sensor 63 that acquires measurement data related to vibration of the back chuck 22; an input unit 64 for setting a criterion of the determination unit 62; and a reporting unit 65 that reports the determination result by the determination unit 62.

The sensing unit 60 may be constituted by a microcomputer constituting the control unit 50. The sensing unit 60 is not limited to this, and may be configured by an additional microcomputer having a CPU, a memory, and the like, in addition to the microcomputer configuring the control unit 50.

The storage unit 61 may be formed of a memory, for example. The storage unit 61 is configured to store measurement data on the vibration of the back chuck 22, that is, the vibration of the rotation of the back spindle 20, which is acquired by the vibration sensor 63. The vibration sensor 63 is disposed on the rear headstock 21 supporting the rear spindle 20, but is not limited thereto, and may be disposed on the rear spindle 20, for example. The vibration sensor 63 may be any sensor capable of sensing vibration of the rotation of the back spindle 20, and may be, for example, an acceleration sensor, an AE sensor, a displacement meter, a microphone, or the like. In the present embodiment, the measurement data relating to the vibration of the rotation of the rear spindle 20 is acquired by the vibration sensor 63, but is not limited to this, and may be acquired by measuring the load (current value or voltage value) of a spindle motor that rotationally drives the rear spindle 20, for example. That is, the storage unit 61 is not limited to be configured to store the measurement data acquired by the vibration sensor 63, and may be configured to store the measurement data acquired by measuring the load of the spindle motor, for example.

Here, the measurement data related to the vibration of the back chuck 22 includes: data measured after the back chuck 22 is brought into contact with the workpiece W in accordance with the tightening operation of the back chuck 22 and before the tool 41 is brought into contact with the workpiece W after the tightening operation of the back chuck 22 (hereinafter, also referred to as a specific time). The measurement data may also be measured continuously. Examples of such measurement data are shown in fig. 2 to 3. Fig. 2 shows measurement data in the case where there is no abnormality caused between the chip sticking back chuck 22 and the workpiece W, and fig. 3 shows measurement data in the case where there is an abnormality caused between the chip sticking back chuck 22 and the workpiece W.

In fig. 2, a time t1 is a time when the chuck sleeve 23 starts to slide for the fastening operation of the back chuck 22, and a peak of the vibration intensity is measured by the vibration generated along with the start of the sliding of the chuck sleeve 23 at a time t 1. At time t2, when the back chuck 22 is fastened (that is, when the back chuck 22 comes into contact with the workpiece W in accordance with the fastening operation of the back chuck 22), at time t2, a peak of the vibration intensity is measured by the vibration generated in accordance with the fastening of the back chuck 22. At time t3, which is the time when the cutting of the workpiece W by the tool 41 is started after the fastening operation of the back chuck 22 (when the tool 41 is in contact with the workpiece W after the fastening operation of the back chuck 22), the peak of the vibration intensity is measured by the vibration generated along with the cutting at time t 3. Fig. 3 also shows times t1 to t3 corresponding to fig. 2. In fig. 3, due to the abnormality of chip sticking, the strength of the portion after time t2 and before time t3 is increased as compared with the case of fig. 2. Therefore, it is possible to determine whether or not there is an abnormality associated with the fastening operation of the back chuck 22 by determining whether or not there is such an increase in strength.

The criterion for determining whether or not the intensity of the portion (the measurement data measured at a specific time) after the time t2 and before the time t3 has increased is, for example, a criterion based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, a criterion based on a statistical method, a criterion based on machine learning, or a criterion based on another method. The decision criterion based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing may include the steps of: a predetermined index value based on the intensity of a predetermined frequency or frequency band in frequency domain data obtained by FFT processing of time domain measurement data is calculated, and the calculated index value is compared with a threshold value. The statistical method-based decision criterion may include, for example, the following steps: a predetermined number of intensity data are extracted from the measurement data, an index value is calculated based on the average value and the standard deviation (or variance), and the calculated index value is compared with a threshold value. Further, the criterion for determination based on machine learning can be constructed by, for example, deep learning or the like. In either method, the determination criterion may be model data of the abnormal group and the normal group, which is read in advance at the time of shipment of the machine tool 1 or the like and/or read at an appropriate timing, or may be used instead of or in addition to the model data, by using past measurement data obtained by the machine tool 1 during machining.

Fig. 4 shows an example of the determination result when it is determined whether or not there is an increase in intensity in the section after the time t2 and before the time t3 by the criterion of determination based on the statistical method. In this determination, a predetermined number of intensity data are extracted from the measurement data, an index value is calculated based on the average value and the standard deviation thereof, and the calculated index value is compared with a threshold value. As can be understood from the results shown in fig. 4, the abnormality associated with the tightening operation of the back chuck 22 can be sensed with high accuracy based on the measurement data of the portion after the time t2 and before the time t 3.

Therefore, the determination unit 62 preferably determines whether or not there is an abnormality associated with the fastening operation of the back chuck 22 based on the measurement data measured at a specific time. The determination by the determination unit 62 is performed at a specific time. The start timing of the specific time, that is, the timing at which the back surface chuck 22 comes into contact with the workpiece W in association with the tightening operation of the back surface chuck 22 may be calculated from the timing at which the tightening operation of the back surface chuck 22 is started, or may be calculated by another method. The end time of the specific time, that is, the time when the tool 41 comes into contact with the workpiece W after the tightening operation of the back chuck 22 may be calculated from the timing when the tool 41 starts machining, or may be calculated by another method.

The input unit 64 is configured to receive input of the determination criteria of the determination unit 62, the processing conditions of the workpiece W, and the like. The input unit 64 can be configured by, for example, a button, a keyboard, a touch panel, or the like. The criterion of the determination unit 62 may be automatically generated without depending on the input unit 64.

The notification unit 65 is configured to notify, for example, by display or sound, whether or not the determination unit 62 has determined that there is an abnormality associated with the tightening operation of the back chuck 22. The notification unit 65 may be configured by, for example, a display, a warning lamp, a speaker, or the like.

The determination as to whether or not there is an abnormality associated with the tightening operation of the back chuck 22 is performed in a state where the control unit 50 rotates the front spindle 10 and the back spindle 20 in synchronization. The control unit 50 is configured to: when the sensing unit 60 does not sense an abnormality associated with the tightening operation of the back chuck 22, the first processing unit 40 is continuously caused to perform the cutting process of the workpiece W without stopping the rotation of the front spindle 10 and the back spindle 20. That is, the control unit 50 is configured to: at least when the sensing portion 60 does not sense an abnormality accompanying the tightening operation of the back chuck 22, the workpiece W is continuously machined.

Further, the control unit 50 has the following functions: when the sensor unit 60 detects an abnormality associated with the fastening operation of the back chuck 22, the workpiece W is continuously machined after taking measures such as changing the machining conditions of the workpiece W (reducing the cutting speed, etc.). The control unit 50 may have the following functions: when the sensing portion 60 senses an abnormality associated with the tightening operation of the back chuck 22, the workpiece W is not machined until the abnormality is eliminated.

The determination unit 62 may be configured to: it is determined not only whether there is an abnormality accompanying the fastening operation of the back chuck 22, but also the manner of the abnormality accompanying the fastening operation of the back chuck 22 (determination of the chip sticking position, abnormality due to chip sticking, abnormality due to other causes, or the like).

The sensing method according to an embodiment of the present invention can be performed using the machine tool 1 as described above. The sensing method according to the present embodiment can be applied to the case where another machine tool is used.

As shown in fig. 5, the sensing method of the present embodiment has a fastening step S1, a sensing step S2, a reporting step S3, and a processing step S4. The tightening step S1 is a step of causing the back chuck 22 to perform a tightening operation of causing the workpiece W tightened to the front chuck 12 of the front spindle 10 to be tightened to the back chuck 22 of the back spindle 20. The sensing step S2 is a step of sensing an abnormality accompanying the tightening action of the back chuck 22 based on the measurement data relating to the vibration of the back chuck 22. The reporting step S3 is a step of reporting whether or not the abnormality sensed in the sensing step S2 is present. The processing step S4 is a step of processing the workpiece W by the tool 41 after the tightening operation of the back chuck 22.

In the tightening step S1, the control unit 50 causes the back chuck 22 to perform a tightening operation while synchronously rotating the front spindle 10 and the back spindle 20.

When the tightening operation of the back chuck 22 is performed in the tightening step S1, the sensing step S2 is started. In the sensing step S2, the determination unit 62 determines whether or not there is an abnormality associated with the tightening operation of the back chuck 22 based on the measurement data stored in the storage unit 61 for a specific time. The determination is performed in a state where the control unit 50 rotates the front spindle 10 and the rear spindle 20 in synchronization with each other.

When the sensing step S2 ends, the reporting step S3 is started. In the reporting step S3, the reporting section 65 reports whether or not an abnormality is sensed in the sensing step S2. In addition, the reporting step S3 may be reported only when the abnormality is sensed in the sensing step S2. By reporting the abnormality, the user can be prompted to take appropriate measures.

When the reporting step S3 ends, the processing step S4 is started. In the processing step S4, the control unit 50 causes the tool 41 to perform cutting processing on the workpiece W. The control unit 50 additionally processes the workpiece W with the tool 44 as necessary, and manufactures the workpiece W into a product. When no abnormality is detected in the sensing step S2, the control unit 50 continuously performs the cutting process on the workpiece W without stopping the rotation of the front spindle 10 and the rear spindle 20. When abnormality is detected in sensing step S2, control unit 50 continuously performs machining of workpiece W after performing a measure such as changing the machining condition of workpiece W. If an abnormality is detected in the sensing step S2, the workpiece W may not be machined in the machining step S4 until the abnormality is eliminated.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

For example, although the machine tool 1 has the guide bush 30 in the above embodiment, the machine tool may have a structure without the guide bush 30.

In the above embodiment, the abnormality associated with the tightening operation of the back chuck 22 is sensed based on the measurement data relating to the vibration of the back chuck 22, but the measurement data relating to the vibration of the front chuck 12 may be used instead of or in addition to the measurement data relating to the vibration of the back chuck 22.

Description of the reference numerals

1: machine tool

2: base seat

3: front side moving mechanism

4: back side moving mechanism

10: front main shaft (first main shaft)

11: front spindle platform

12: front chuck (first chuck)

13: chuck sleeve

20: back main shaft (second main shaft)

21: back spindle platform

22: back chuck (second chuck)

23: chuck sleeve

30: guide sleeve

31: guide sleeve supporting table

40: a first processing part

41: tool with a locking mechanism

42: knife rest

43: second working section

44: tool with a locking mechanism

50: control unit

60: sensing part

61: storage unit

62: determination unit

63: vibration sensor

64: input unit

65: report part

W: workpiece