阅读说明：本技术 水产动物的管理方法、麻醉维持装置、麻醉维持系统、麻醉维持方法和运输方法 (Aquatic animal management method, anesthesia maintenance device, anesthesia maintenance system, anesthesia maintenance method, and transportation method ) 是由 关山正胜 大森道生 渡边将介 吉田优喜博 于 2017-06-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明的课题在于通过减少水槽内的毒性成分来防止水产动物猝死。解决方案为：在容纳有麻醉状态的水产动物的水槽内,调节水槽内的二氧化碳浓度,以促进从氨(NH<Sub>3</Sub>)到铵离子(NH<Sub>4</Sub><Sup>+</Sup>)的反应。二氧化碳浓度的调节可以使用曝气机构。(The subject of the invention is to prevent sudden death of aquatic animals by reducing toxic components in a water tank. The solution is as follows: in a water tank containing an aquatic animal in an anaesthetized state, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the water tank is adjusted to promote release of ammonia (NH) 3 ) To ammonium ion (NH) 4 + ) The reaction of (1). The adjustment of the carbon dioxide concentration may use an aeration mechanism.)

1. A method for managing aquatic animals in an anaesthetized state,

which is a management method for preventing sudden death of an aquatic animal in an anesthetized state,

adjusting the concentration of carbon dioxide and oxygen in a water tank containing an aquatic animal under anesthesia to a predetermined range to promote ammonia (NH) in the water tank₃) To ammonium ion (NH)₄ ⁺) The reaction of (1).

2. The method for controlling anesthetized aquatic animals according to claim 1, wherein at least the adjustment of the carbon dioxide concentration is performed by aeration in a water tank.

3. An anesthesia maintaining device for aquatic animals, which is characterized in that,

which is a maintaining device for maintaining the anesthesia state of aquatic animals,

it is provided with at least:

a main body part into which an aquatic animal in an anesthetized state is introduced;

an oxygen supply mechanism for maintaining an oxygen concentration in the main body at 60% or higher; and

and an aeration means for performing aeration so as to keep the carbon dioxide concentration in the main body at 40PPM or less.

4. An anesthesia maintenance device for an aquatic animal according to claim 3,

the device further comprises a protein separator for removing impurities in the main body.

5. An anesthesia maintenance device for aquatic animals according to claim 3 or 4,

one of the aeration means and the oxygen supply means serves as the other.

6. An anesthesia maintenance device for aquatic animals according to any of claims 3 to 5,

the oxygen supply mechanism maintains the oxygen concentration in the main body at 60% or more and less than 100%.

7. An anesthesia maintenance device for aquatic animals according to any of claims 3 to 6,

the mode value of the particle diameter of the bubbles supplied from the oxygen supply means or the aeration means is 100 μm or more.

8. An anesthesia maintenance device for aquatic animals according to any of claims 3 to 7,

the aquatic animal feeding device further comprises a storage box which is thrown into the main body part in a state of containing aquatic animals at high density.

9. An anesthesia maintenance system for aquatic animals, characterized in that,

which is an anesthesia maintenance system for maintaining an anesthesia state of an aquatic animal,

it is provided with at least:

an anesthetic tank that transitions the aquatic animal to an anesthetic state; and

and a maintenance tank which constitutes a transportation target while maintaining an anesthetic state of the aquatic animal anesthetized in the anesthetic tank.

10. The aquatic animal anesthesia maintenance system of claim 9,

the concentration of carbon dioxide in the maintenance tank is lower than the concentration of carbon dioxide in the anesthetic tank.

11. The aquatic animal anesthesia maintenance system of claim 10,

the maintenance tank maintains the carbon dioxide concentration below 40PPM and the oxygen concentration above 60%.

12. The aquatic animal anesthesia maintenance system of claim 11,

the maintenance tank maintains the carbon dioxide concentration below 30 PPM.

13. The aquatic animal anesthesia maintenance system of claim 11 or 12,

the maintaining tank maintains the oxygen concentration at 80% or more.

14. An anesthesia maintenance method for aquatic animals, which is characterized in that,

which is a method for maintaining the anaesthesia status of aquatic animals,

it has at least:

an anaesthesia step of anaesthetizing the aquatic animals in a water tank in which the concentration of carbon dioxide is maintained to be more than 65PPM and less than 85PPM and the concentration of oxygen is maintained to be more than 60%; and

a maintenance step of maintaining the aquatic animals in the anaesthesia step, which are transited to the anaesthesia state, in a water tank in which the carbon dioxide concentration is kept below 40PPM and the oxygen concentration is kept above 60%.

15. The anesthesia maintenance method of claim 8,

the water in the anesthetic tank is used in addition to a part or all of the water in the maintenance tank.

16. A method for transporting aquatic animals is characterized in that,

which is a method for transportation while maintaining the anaesthesia status of aquatic animals,

it has at least:

an anaesthesia step of anaesthetizing the aquatic animals in a water tank in which the concentration of carbon dioxide is kept between 65PPM and 85PPM and the concentration of oxygen is kept between 60% and less than 100%;

a transportation step of maintaining the anesthesia state of the aquatic animals by keeping the carbon dioxide concentration in the water tank at 40PPM or less and the oxygen concentration at 60% to less than 100%; and

and a wake-up step of lowering the carbon dioxide concentration in the water tank at a destination to wake up the aquatic animals.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to various methods for maintaining anesthesia in aquatic animals such as live fish.

Background

As a method for anesthetizing aquatic animals such as live fish, the methods described in the following patent documents are known.

Patent document 1 discloses a technique of anesthetizing fish by supplying carbonated water for anesthesia containing dissolved carbon dioxide having a concentration having an anesthetic effect and dissolved oxygen having a concentration required for the survival of fish to a water tank.

Patent document 2 discloses a technique for preventing sudden death of aquatic animals by supplying to aquatic animals fine bubbles having a size such that gaseous oxygen is controlled to a holdable position and does not float in water, as a countermeasure against the problem that the amount of oxygen absorbed by the gills of fish is still insufficient even if the dissolved oxygen concentration is maintained in a saturated state as disclosed in patent document 1.

Patent document 3 discloses the drawbacks of carbonated water for anesthesia disclosed in patent document 1 as in patent document 2, and further discloses that a large-scale apparatus is required for carrying out the method of patent document 2, which is based on the premise that dissolved oxygen in water is supersaturated, and on this basis, an optimum value of the dissolved oxygen amount and an optimum value of the diameter of the pores of the diffuser pipe through which gas containing carbon dioxide and oxygen is ejected are found.

Disclosure of Invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

In the process of studying a more convenient technique based on these prior arts, the applicant has found room for improvement in the following respects.

(1) Preventing sudden death of the aquatic animal by reducing toxic components in the tank.

(2) Can be transported for a long time in a manner that prevents sudden death while maintaining the anaesthesia status of the aquatic animals.

(3) Even if the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water tank is not saturated, sudden death of the anesthetized aquatic animals can be prevented.

(4) Even if the gaseous oxygen supplied to the anesthetized aquatic animals is not formed into fine bubbles, sudden death of the anesthetized aquatic animals can be prevented.

Means for solving the problems

In order to solve the above problem, the present invention has at least any one of the following points as a technical feature.

(1) In a water tank containing an aquatic animal in an anaesthetized state, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the water tank is adjusted to promote release of ammonia (NH)₃) To ammonium ion (NH)₄ ⁺) The reaction of (1). The adjustment of the carbon dioxide concentration may use an aeration mechanism.

(2) Inhibiting ammonia (NH) by removing protein from feces, food and the like of aquatic animals with protein separator₃) Is generated.

(3) The aquatic environment is divided into a process of anaesthetizing the aquatic animals and a process of maintaining the anaesthetized state.

(4) The aquatic animals are anesthetized in an anesthetic tank installed in a harbor or the like, and the aquatic animals are transported while maintaining the anesthetic state by using the maintaining tank itself maintaining the anesthetic state as a transport object, and wakening of the aquatic animals is performed at a destination.

ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION

According to the present invention, at least any one of the effects described below can be exhibited.

(1) The reduction of the ammonia produced can be promoted.

By adjusting the carbon dioxide concentration in the water tank to promote the reaction from ammonia to ammonium ions having low toxicity, the increase of the ammonia concentration in the water tank can be suppressed, and the ammonia poisoning of aquatic animals can be reduced.

(2) Can inhibit the generation of ammonia caused by protein.

By providing a protein separator in the maintenance tank, the protein formed by the feces of the aquatic animals, the food left to eat, and the like is removed, and the generation of ammonia in the process of decomposing the protein by bacteria can be suppressed, thereby reducing ammonia poisoning of the aquatic animals.

(3) Is helpful for long-term maintenance of anesthesia state.

In the step for anesthetizing the aquatic animals and the step for maintaining the anesthetized state of the anesthetized aquatic animals, the aquatic environment is set to be suitable for each step, so that the air bubble disease of the aquatic animals can be prevented, and the awakenable anesthetized state of the aquatic animals can be maintained for a longer time.

(4) The environment maintenance management of each tank is facilitated.

Since a water tank (anesthetic tank) for anesthetizing aquatic animals is physically separated from a water tank (maintenance tank) for maintaining the anesthetized state of the anesthetized aquatic animals, maintenance and management of a desired oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration in each tank are facilitated.

(5) Facilitating long-distance transportation.

By making the maintenance tank used in transportation exclusively an environment in which the anesthetic state of aquatic animals can be maintained for a long period of time, it is possible to transport aquatic animals over a long distance while maintaining the anesthetic state in a state in which they can be waken up at their destination.

(6) The transportation efficiency is improved.

By adopting the mode of throwing into the containing box containing the aquatic livestock into the maintaining groove, the containing density of the aquatic livestock can be improved, and the transportation efficiency is high.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the anesthesia maintenance method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a retaining groove of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a table summarizing experimental results of the anesthesia maintenance method of the present invention.

Detailed Description

<1> causes of sudden death of aquatic animals

In the course of conducting an experiment for examining the presence or absence of sudden death of aquatic animals after the lapse of 24 hours from the start of anesthesia by changing the environment (oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, etc.) in water in the tank, it was found that the occurrence of sudden death of aquatic animals and ammonia (NH) in the tank occurred regardless of the supersaturated state of the oxygen concentration in water₃) There is a correlation in the concentration of (c).

It is thought that if the concentration of ammonia in water is high, the respiration of aquatic animals is affected, and death is caused by dyspnea.

It is considered that ammonia is produced not only in the urine of aquatic animals but also in the process in which protein contained in feces and food of aquatic animals is decomposed by bacteria in water.

Therefore, it is presumed that the ammonia concentration is likely to increase as aquatic animals are accommodated in the water tank at an excessively high density, and a severe environment is created for the aquatic animals.

<2> method for detoxifying ammonia

However, ammonia (NH)₃) Can be dissolved in water and react with hydrogen ions (H)⁺) Change of binding to ammonium ion (NH)₄ ⁺) To make the material harmless.

Therefore, if the hydrogen ions (H) can be arbitrarily increased or decreased in the water tank⁺) Then the slave ammonia (NH) can be controlled₃) To ammonium ion (NH)₄ ⁺) The reaction of (1).

<2.1> relationship between hydrogen ion and ph

The above hydrogen ion (H)⁺) The concentration of (b) can be expressed as ph in water, and a smaller ph indicates a higher hydrogen ion concentration.

Further, it is known that the value of ph is determined from ammonia (NH)₃) To ammonium ion (NH)₄ ⁺) The change ratio of (A) is increased or decreased.

For example, ammonia (NH) at ph6 (weakly acidic)₃) 99.9% of the amount of the ammonium salt is changed to ammonium ion (NH)₄ ⁺)。

Further, in the state of ph7 (neutral), ammonia (NH)₃) 99.4% of the amount of the ammonium salt is changed to ammonium ion.

<2.2> relationship between ph and Ammonia concentration

Thus, consider thatIf the pH in the water tank is increased (the concentration of hydrogen ions is low), ammonia (NH) is removed₃) To ammonium (NH)₄ ⁺) The change ratio of (2) is reduced, ammonia is easy to remain in water, and sudden death of aquatic animals can be caused along with the increase of the ammonia concentration in the water.

<3> method for inhibiting increase in ammonia concentration

Therefore, as an example of a method for suppressing the ph increase in the water tank, a method for controlling the concentration of carbon dioxide in the water tank has been studied.

The reason and principle are as follows.

<3.1> production principle of hydrogen ion by carbon dioxide

(1) Carbon dioxide (CO)₂) + water (H)₂O) → carbonic acid (H)₂CO₃)

Due to H₂CO₃The decomposition immediately starts because of instability.

(2) Carbonic acid (H)₂CO₃) → hydrogen ion (H)⁺) + bicarbonate ion (HCO)₃ ^-)

As a result, hydrogen ions increase and the pH value in the water tank decreases.

In this way, by adjusting the amount of carbon dioxide in the water tank to a predetermined range and adjusting the amount of hydrogen ions in the water tank, it is expected that toxic ammonia is not harmed to ammonium ions.

<3.2> reason for carbon dioxide concentration

The concentration of carbon dioxide in the water tank varies depending on the following internal factors.

(internal cause 1) carbon dioxide produced by the respiration of aquatic animals.

(internal cause 2) carbon dioxide eluted from blood of an anesthetized aquatic animal.

Therefore, if the concentration of carbon dioxide in the water tank, which varies according to the internal factors 1 and 2, is calculated and controlled by external factors such as aeration as appropriate, the appropriate concentration of carbon dioxide can be maintained.

Thus, if the carbon dioxide in the water tank is passedThe concentration is controlled in a proper range to keep ph in the water tank low, and ammonia (NH) can be removed₃) To ammonium (NH)₄ ⁺) The change ratio of the ammonia is kept high, so that the residual quantity of ammonia with high toxicity can be reduced, and the aquatic livestock can be prevented from sudden death.

<4> other modification example

In the present invention, the above method is merely an example, and any method is used as long as it is used for environmental control to suppress ammonia (NH) in the water tank₃) The obvious method that is conceivable for the added method can then be used.