Method and device for spraying workpieces

文档序号:1453316 发布日期:2020-02-21 浏览:12次 中文

阅读说明:本技术 用于喷涂工件的方法和设备 (Method and device for spraying workpieces ) 是由 M·W·基希纳 于 2019-08-13 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明涉及一种用于借助施加装置喷涂工件的方法和设备,其中,所述工件具有至少两个可相对运动的构件,这些构件至少在部分区域上这样彼此设置或相互嵌接,使得根据构件的相对位置,所述构件之一的至少一个局部区域这样被遮挡地支承,以致施加装置不能接近该局部区域以进行喷涂。为了提出一种用于喷涂工件的方法和设备,其能实现快速、完整且节省成本的工件涂漆,根据本发明规定,所述构件之一在喷涂期间借助致动器这样移动,使得该构件被遮挡的局部区域如此移动,以致施加装置可接近该局部区域以进行喷涂。(The invention relates to a method and a device for spraying workpieces by means of an application device, wherein the workpiece has at least two relatively movable components which are arranged or engage with each other at least in partial regions in such a way that, depending on the relative position of the components, at least one partial region of one of the components is supported in such a way that it is shielded that the application device cannot access the partial region for spraying. In order to provide a method and a device for painting workpieces, which enable a rapid, complete and cost-effective painting of the workpieces, it is provided according to the invention that one of the components is moved during the painting process by means of the actuator in such a way that the covered partial region of the component is moved in such a way that the application device can access the partial region for painting.)

1. A method for painting workpieces by means of an application device (13), wherein the workpieces have at least two components which can be moved relative to one another and which are arranged or engage with one another at least in partial regions in such a way that, depending on the relative position of the components, at least one partial region (14) of one of the components is supported in a shielded manner such that the application device (13) cannot access the partial region (14) for painting, characterized in that, during painting, one of the components is moved by means of an actuator (15) in such a way that the shielded partial region (14) of the component is moved in such a way that the application device (13) can access the partial region for painting.

2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the members are relatively rotationally movable and that at least one of the members is rotated by the actuator (15).

3. Method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the workpiece is a motor vehicle axle (2) comprising:

a shaft body (5),

At least one brake caliper (6) and

a wheel suspension (8) having a brake disk (10) and a wheel mounting (9) having a plurality of wheel bolts (11) and/or a plurality of wheel bolt receptacles,

the wheel suspension (8) can be rotated relative to the axle body (5) and the brake caliper (6) and a partial region (14) of the wheel suspension (8), in particular a partial region of the wheel mounting (9) and/or of the brake disk (10), is shielded by the brake caliper (6) as a function of the angular position.

4. A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the movable member is rotatable on both sides by means of an actuator (15).

5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the actuator (15) has a contact device by means of which a detachable connection with a rotatable or movable component of the workpiece is established.

6. A method according to any of claims 2-5, wherein the rotatable member is rotated by an actuator (15) by at least 30 °, 60 °, 90 °, 120 ° or 180 °.

7. Method according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the following method steps:

e) partially spraying the workpiece by means of an application device (13);

f) the spraying is interrupted;

g) rotating or moving the member having the at least one obscured localized area (14) such that the application device (13) can access the rotated or moved localized area for spraying;

h) spraying a previously obscured localized area (14); and is

i) Optionally repeating method steps a) to d) until the workpiece is completely sprayed.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by the following method steps:

a) spraying the workpiece by means of an application device (13); and is

b) Simultaneously, the component with the at least one shielded partial region is rotated or displaced until the workpiece is completely painted.

9. A device for spraying workpieces with the aid of an application device (13), wherein the workpieces have at least two relatively movable components which are arranged or engage in one another at least in partial regions such that, depending on the relative position of the components, at least one partial region (14) of one of the components is shielded so that the application device (13) cannot access the partial region (14) for spraying, characterized in that an actuator (15) is provided which can move the component during spraying so that the shielded partial region (14) of the component can be moved so that the application device (13) can access the partial region for spraying.

10. Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the members are relatively rotationally movable and at least one of said members is rotatable by means of an actuator (15).

11. The apparatus according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the workpiece is a motor vehicle axle (2) comprising:

a shaft body (5) and

at least one brake caliper (6) and

a wheel suspension (8) having a brake disk (10) and a wheel mounting (9) having a plurality of wheel bolts (11) and/or a plurality of wheel bolt receptacles,

the wheel suspension (8) can be rotated relative to the axle body (5) and the brake caliper (6) and a partial region (14) of the wheel suspension (8), in particular a partial region of the wheel mounting (9) and/or of the brake disk (10), is shielded by the brake caliper (6) as a function of the angular position.

12. Apparatus according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the actuator (15) has contact means by means of which a detachable connection with a rotatable or movable component of the workpiece can be established.

13. Device according to claim 12, characterized in that the contact means are fingers or hooks (16) which act from behind on the wheel bolts (11) or can be inserted into the wheel bolt receptacles when rotating the wheel suspension (8).

14. Device according to claim 12, characterized in that the contact means are grippers (17) by means of which a component of the workpiece can be gripped such that the component can be rotated and/or moved.

15. Device according to claim 12, characterized in that the contact means have a contact surface (19) which can be brought into frictional engagement with the component in order to rotate or move the component.

16. The apparatus according to any of the claims 9 to 15, characterized in that the actuator (15) is provided directly on the application device (13) or on a separate robot arm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method and a device for spraying workpieces by means of an application device, wherein the workpiece has at least two relatively movable components which are arranged or engage with each other at least in partial regions in such a way that at least one partial region of one of the components is supported in a concealed manner depending on the relative position of the components, such that the application device cannot access the partial region for spraying.

Background

The surface of the workpiece is painted during spraying. For this purpose, the paint, in particular the corrosion protection paint, is applied by means of an application device, which is designed, for example, as a high-speed rotary atomizer and is fastened to a multi-axis robot. For complex workpieces consisting of a plurality of components, it is customary to spray the individual components and then assemble them into a finished workpiece. However, in particular in the automotive industry, it has already been the case that unpainted components are first assembled and then the already assembled workpieces are painted.

However, for workpieces having components that can be moved relative to one another, it should be taken into account that some components or at least local regions thereof should not or should not be sprayed. Such localized areas are masked prior to spraying by covering them with a suitable film or the like.

Furthermore, in particular in workpieces consisting of relatively movable components, some local regions of the component may be blocked by other components, so that the application device cannot reach these local regions for spraying. In order to completely paint such workpieces, the spraying must be interrupted and the relevant component moved by hand in this way until the workpiece can be completely painted by the application device. However, interrupting the spraying and moving the components requires time and must be carried out regularly by personnel trained and wearing suitable protective clothing, which is associated with corresponding time and cost expenditure.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for painting workpieces, which allow a rapid, complete and cost-effective painting of the workpieces.

The object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and by an apparatus according to claim 7.

In the context of the method according to the invention, it is provided that one of the components is moved during the spraying by means of the actuator in such a way that the covered partial region of the component is moved in such a way that the application device can access the partial region for spraying.

The device according to the invention has an actuator which can move the component during the spraying, so that the partial region of the component which is obscured can be moved such that the application means can access the partial region for spraying.

Complex workpieces consisting of a plurality of components, which have partial areas that are covered or obscured, can also be completely painted in an automated paint booth by means of the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention. Complex workpieces consisting of movable components can thus be sprayed quickly, completely and cost-effectively.

Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below and with reference to the dependent claims.

Within the scope of the invention, the relative movement of the components of the workpiece may be in any manner. In particular, it is provided that the components are movable in a relative rotation manner and that at least one of the components is rotatable or can be rotated by the actuator.

Irrespective of the specific movable mounting of the component, it is preferably provided that the actuator has a contact device, by means of which a detachable connection to a rotatable or movable component of the workpiece can be established. In the case of a rotatable member, it is preferably provided that the rotatable member is rotated by at least 30 °, 60 °, 90 °, 120 ° or 180 ° so that the application device can reach all regions of the member for spraying.

For the complete painting of the workpiece, the invention preferably comprises the following method steps:

a) partially spraying the workpiece with an application device;

b) the spraying is interrupted;

c) rotating or moving the member having the at least one obscured localized area such that the application device can access the rotated or moved localized area for spraying;

d) the previously occluded local area is sprayed.

If a single rotation or movement of the component is still not sufficient to completely paint the workpiece, the method steps a) to d) are repeated until the workpiece is painted in all desired areas.

Instead of interrupting the spraying, a continuous spraying of the workpiece by the application device is also provided, for which purpose the component is rotated or moved simultaneously with the spraying until the workpiece is completely sprayed.

It has already been pointed out that complex workpieces which are composed of a plurality of components and are partly movably connected to one another can be sprayed by means of the device and the method according to the invention. Such a workpiece may be, in particular, an axle of a motor vehicle, comprising:

-a shaft body,

-at least one brake caliper and

a wheel suspension having a brake disc and a wheel mounting portion with a plurality of wheel bolts and/or a plurality of wheel bolt receptacles,

the wheel suspension is rotatable relative to the axle body and the brake caliper and a partial region of the wheel suspension, in particular a partial region of the wheel mounting and/or of the brake disk, is concealed by the brake caliper as a function of the angular position. Such motor vehicle axles are usually driven into painting installations for painting by being freely suspended in a swinging manner on suitable transport means. For reasons of space, the transport takes place in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the vehicle axle. In order to be able to paint the entire vehicle axle by means of a single application device, the first side of the vehicle axle, which is driven into the painting installation, is first painted together with the (front) wheel suspension located thereon. The wheel suspension is here rotated by a constant angle to the left, depending on the type, in one direction, for example, as viewed in the transport direction. However, the actuator acts on the wheel suspension counter to the transport direction and rotates the wheel suspension to the right from the angle of the actuator. After spraying the previously obscured area, the movable member remains in this position and does not rotate back to the original starting position.

Subsequently, the non-movable shaft body is sprayed, which can also be achieved without problems by means of a single application device.

In the subsequent painting of the (rear) wheel suspension, the wheel suspension is rotated to the left in the transport direction by a constant angle, similar to the front wheel suspension. Since the actuator acts in this case in the transport direction, the wheel suspension is also rotated to the left from the actuator angle. The front and rear wheel suspensions must therefore move mirror-inverted. In order to be able to carry out such a complex movement sequence, it is preferably provided that a bilateral rotation of the component can be achieved by means of an actuator and that this rotation can be carried out without a predetermined preferred direction. Only in this way it is possible to use the same application device or the same actuator for different sides of the axle of the motor vehicle, so that no second application device is required. The vehicle axle can thus be completely painted in a painting installation with a single application device.

For the complete painting of a motor vehicle axle of the type mentioned, the contact means of the actuator are preferably fingers or hooks which act from behind on the wheel bolts or can be inserted into the wheel bolt receptacles when the wheel suspension is rotated.

Alternatively, the contact device can be designed as a gripper, by means of which a component of the workpiece can be gripped such that said component can be rotated and/or moved. In the case of a motor vehicle axle, for example, the brake disk and/or the wheel mounting part can be clamped and rotated by means of the clamping device.

Finally, the contact means of the actuator can be a contact surface which can be brought into frictional engagement with the component in order to rotate or move the component. For this purpose, the contact surface can have an elastic material which forms a slip-proof contact with the component.

In all embodiments of the actuator, the contact device can have replaceable wear elements which, in the event of wear, can be removed and replaced by new or unworn elements. Furthermore, the contact device can be designed to be adjustable.

In order to carry out the method in which the spraying is interrupted, the actuator can be arranged directly on the application device. In the simplest case, the actuator is a finger or hook, which is configured on the side of the applicator housing. This saves on the cost of the further movement unit. But the spraying must be interrupted to move the component. Alternatively, the actuator may be provided on a separate robot arm, so that the member may be rotated and/or moved by means of the actuator while the application device is spraying the workpiece.

Drawings

Specific embodiments of the present invention are explained below with reference to the drawings. The attached drawings are as follows:

FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a motor vehicle axle in a painting installation;

fig. 2a, 2b show a detail view when painting a wheel suspension with a shaded area;

figures 3a-4b show detailed views of the wheel suspension when the wheel mounting portion is rotated; and is

Fig. 5a, 5b show alternative contact arrangements for the actuator.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1 shows a painting installation 1 for painting a motor vehicle axle 2. For this purpose, the vehicle axle 2 is suspended on a transport device 3, which preferably continuously moves the vehicle axle 2 in the transport direction 4, so that vibrations of the vehicle axle 2 during stopping and starting are avoided. The vehicle axle 2 has an axle body 5, on each side of which a brake caliper 6 with a brake lining 7 and a wheel suspension 8 with a wheel mounting 9 and a brake disk 10 are arranged. The wheel mounting portion 9 has a plurality of wheel bolts 11 for mounting the wheel at a later time. Furthermore, the wheel mounting 9 is rotatably supported together with the brake disc 10 about the longitudinal axis a of the vehicle axle 2.

For painting the vehicle axle 2, a robot arm 12 is provided, at the end of which an application device 13 in the form of a high-rotation atomizer is mounted. The application device 13 is orientable in any position based on the relatively movable elements of the robot arm 12. Five different positions P of the application device 13 are shown by way of example in fig. 11,…,5

Regardless of the various movement possibilities of the robot arm 12, shadow regions are present on the workpiece caused by structures, which cannot be reached by the spray coating by means of the application device 13. Such a shaded area 14 is shown by way of example in fig. 2a and 2b and is situated substantially between brake caliper 6 and wheel mounting 9. Regardless of position P in FIG. 2a2Or from position P1Uniform spraying by the application device 13 is not possible.

In order to achieve a complete and uniform coating, the device according to the invention has an actuator 15 which, in the embodiment shown, has a contact device in the form of a hook 16 and which is fastened to the application device 13. By means of the hooks 16, it is possible to act from behind on one of the wheel bolts 11 and the wheel suspension 8 can be rotated together with the wheel mounting 9 and the brake disk 10 by approximately 180 °, so that the region 14 (fig. 3a) which is obscured by the brake caliper 6 is rotated onto the opposite side (fig. 3 b). In this position the application device 13 can be reoriented and spray the local area of the workpiece that was previously obscured and inaccessible. The gap between the two wheel bolts 11 is detected and controlled by optical means (not shown).

Fig. 4a, 4b show a detail of fig. 3a and 3b in a view parallel to the longitudinal axis a of the motor vehicle axle 2. It can be clearly seen here that a relatively large area which is obscured by the brake caliper 6 is rotated out of the obscured area 14 by approximately 120 ° rotation of the wheel mounting 9, so that a complete painting can then be carried out.

Fig. 5a shows an alternative contact device for the actuator 15 in the form of a clamping device 17, which can clamp a part of the wheel suspension 8, such as the brake disk 10, for rotation. Fig. 5b shows an embodiment with a contact surface 18 which has an elastic material 19 on the end face in order to provide a frictional contact with the wheel suspension for the rotating wheel suspension 8.

The figures show embodiments in which the contact means of the actuator 15 are arranged directly on the application means 13, so that the spraying must be interrupted to rotate or move the movable member. Alternatively, the contact device can also be arranged on a separate robot arm, so that a continuous coating can be achieved.

List of reference numerals

1 paint spraying apparatus

2 vehicle axle

3 transport device

4 direction of transport

5 axle body

6 brake caliper

7 brake lining

8 wheel suspension

9 wheel mounting part

10 brake disc

11 wheel bolt

12 robot arm

13 applying device

14 shielded area

15 actuator

16 hook

17 gripper

18 contact surface

19 elastic material

A longitudinal axis

PnPosition of

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